工业设计外文翻译从生产绿色办公家具到提供可持续的办公环境服务节选.docx
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工业设计外文翻译从生产绿色办公家具到提供可持续的办公环境服务节选.docx
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工业设计外文翻译从生产绿色办公家具到提供可持续的办公环境服务节选
中文5100字,2700单词,15700英文字符
出处:
BoughnimN,YannouB,BertoluciG,etal.FromManufacturingGreenOfficeFurnituretoprovidingSustainableWorkplaceServices:
Anecessarychangeinpractices,toolsandapproaches[C]//2005.
本科生毕业设计(论文)
英语翻译
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工业设计
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FromManufacturingGreenOfficeFurnituretoprovidingSustainableWorkplaceServices:
Anecessarychangeinpractices,toolsandapproaches
NabilBoughnim1,BernardYannou,GwenolaBertoluci,CatherineGall,AndréMalsch
Abstract:
AworldleadercompanyinofficefurniturelikeSteelcaseismovingitsbusinessfrommanufacturingphysicalproductstowardmoreintegratedsolutionsforworkenvironment.Throughthisnewstrategy,thiscompanyaimstodevelopanewbusinesswhichmakespossibletosatisfythevariousneedsofcustomerandworkspaceusers,toanticipatethefuturetendencies,organizationalandculturalchangesinworkandtobeincompliancewithsustainabilityrecommendations.TheobjectiveofthispaperistofeatureSteelcaseCompanywithinitsactualcompetingsituation,tocharacterizefromadesignpointofview,itsknow-how,itsprocessesandtools.Afterthisstatement,westresstheissuesraisedbytheshiftfromacurrentstateofgreenproductoffertosustainableintegratedsolutionsofworkplace.Oneofthemainchallengesistomonitortheemergingperformancesofthedesignalternatives-technical,economical,environmentalandsocial-duringthedesignprocessandtobeabletocommentafewvariantsolutionsinamulticriteriawaytotheclients.Thesuggestedsolutionistoadoptamodelingandcapitalizationapproachforheperformancemeasurementofworkplacesolutions.
Keywords:
ustainability;integratedsolutions;workplaceperformances;eco-indicators,socialperformance;performanceaggregation
1.Introduction
Thecompetitivenessoftheofficefurnitureindustryisstronglyaffectedbytheglobalizationoftradeexchanges.ItisheavilysubjectedtothecompetitionofthelowcostlaborcountrieswhichareabletoofferproductsmuchlessexpensivetotheWesterncustomers.Likeotherindustrialsectors,oneofthekeysforthisindustryistocountonthecreationofdifferentiatedofferstotheirprospectivecustomers.Paralleltothesemarketrends,theconceptofsustainabledevelopmentresultingfromtheBundledreport[5]ismoreandmorearealityincompaniesunderthepressureofauthoritiesandmarketdemand.Thisconcretizationappearsinparticularontheenvironmentalsidebyactionsofcertificationofthesites.Generallythesestepsarewelldevelopedonplantswhereenvironmentalworkiscarriedouttoreducewasteflowsandenvironmentalimpactsofprocesses.However,theseactionsrarelyexistforadministrativeandtertiarybuildings.Thisiswhyadditionalactionsmustthenbeplannedforthiskindofspaceinordertoimprovetheorganizationperformanceandtheworkfunctioningwithintheframeworkofsustainabledevelopment-social,economicandenvironmental-.Therefore,thisnewneedconstitutesarealopportunityforindustriesoftheofficefurnituretocreateanewbusinessandtoproposeanewoffer.Thisnewoffershouldnotbebasedanymoreonthesolesaleofmaterialartifacts(offices,chairs,storage...)butonsystemsincorporatingtheseartifacts,theirplacesandusetermsinordertoproposeoptimizedsolutionsduringthelifespanofthesesystemsaccordingtothethreedimensionsofsustainabledevelopment(economical,environmentalandsocial).
Inthispaper,weareinterestedintheparticularcaseoftheSteelcasecompanywhosepreviousactionsincondensingofproductsandinadjustmentofworkplacesgivesitasignificantleadagainstitscompetitors.It’sanexemplarycaseofanAmericancompanyestablishedinEuropewhichisaworldleaderinitsdomainofofficefurniture.Weendeavortoindexthedifficultieswithwhichitisconfrontedtoshiftfromthesupplyofproductstotheprovisionofintegratedsolutionintheformofatertiaryworkspace.Beyond,wedescribesometracksofchangetoreachthatpointandtoensureperformanceofworkplace.
First,wepresentSteelcaseCompanyanditsknow-howinworkplacedesign,andthenwedescribethedifficultiesandcomplexitiesrelatedtotheshiftfromproductmanufacturingtoserviceproviding.Finallywepresentourapproachfortheevaluationofworkplaceperformancecomplyingwithsustainabilityissuesandtechnicalrequirements.
2.Economicrealityandcompanystrategy
2.1EconomicandcompetitivesituationofSteelcase
SteelcaseistheworldleaderoftheOfficefurniture;itisalsotheworldleaderinthedesignandtheadjustmentofworkplacesolutions.Ithasmorethan500productlineswhicharesoldthroughanetworkofmorethan800dealersintheworld.Itsproductsaremanufacturedinmorethan35factories.CreatedinMichiganinUSAin1912asamanufacturingcompanyofmetalofficefurniture,ithasbecometodayacompanywhichalsoproposesservicesofconsultinginorganizationandplanningofworkplaces.Ithasmorethan80,000clientcompaniesduringthefivelastyearswithasalesturnoverof2,6billion$in2004.TheEuropeanmarketofofficefurniturepresentsatotalsalesturnoverof7,8billionseurosin2002,whichrecordedafallof19,9%comparedto2001(9,7billionsofeuros).ThisfallofthesalesturnoverisexplainedbythedeclineoftheinvestmentsinofficefurniturebycompaniesresultingfromthehardeconomicsituationtheselastyearsinparticularintheICTsector.Thismarketsituationgeneratedafallofsalesturnoverfrom6to2,6Billion$.ContrarilytotheAmericanmarketwhere5leadercompaniesrepresentmorethan80%,theEuropeanmarketisveryfragmentedsincethe10leadersoftheEuropeanmarketrepresent30%ofthetotalsalesturnover[3].However,Steelcasehasgainedmarketsharestheselastyearsthroughitsinnovationsonproductsandbythediversificationofitsofferthroughservicesoforganizationandplanningofworkplace.Itsnewuser’sorientedstrategygaveitagoodreputationonthemarket.However,itiscurrentlynoticedthatthemarketischaracterizedbyanincreasingnumberofcompaniesandconsultingagenciesinEuropeprovidingservicesoforganizationandadjustmentofworkspace.Thus,theSteelcaseneworientationtowardsintegratedsolutionsofworkspaceadjustmentisinparticulararesultofthestrongcompetitiononproductbytheAsiancountries(Exp.China)andbytheemergenceofnewcustomerneedsforcustomizedsolutionsfortheirworkplaces.ThissituationwasaleverofactionforSteelcasetoreconsideritsstrategyandthustoacquirenewknowledgethatenablesittoberepositionedonthemarket.
2.2SteelcaseStrategytowardinnovationandsustainabledevelopment
TheSteelcaseCompanyhasanhistoricalknow-howinthemanufactureofofficefurniture.In1974,SteelcasecarriedoutaJoint-venturewiththecompany"Strafor"theFrenchleaderofmanufactureoftheofficefurniture.Later,itacquires100%ofthecapitalofStraforin1999.Steelcasereceiveditfirstpatentin1914forasteelwastebasket--amajorinnovationatatimewhenstrawwastebasketswereamajorofficefirehazard.Steelcasedepositedmorethan1400patentsuntiltoday.Today,Steelcaseportfolioofsolutionsaddressesthethreecoreelementsofanofficeenvironment:
interiorarchitecture,furnitureandtechnology.Steelcaseisacompanystronglyresearchoriented,itapproximatelyinvests46million$inR&Dperyear(6millionforfundamentalresearchand40millionfortheindustrialresearchinproductdevelopment).Itsresearchprogramsaredevelopedincollaborationwithuniversitieslike"Stanford",the"RoyalCollegeofArts"ofLondon,theTechnicalUniversityofVienna,orwithcompanieslikeIBM,Canon.Steelcasepromotestwovaluesofinnovationandsustainabledevelopmentatastrategiclevelaswellasbyin-depthcommitmentoftheleadership.
Consciousthattheofficefurnitureproducthasastrongenvironmentalimpact,SteelcasedevelopedanEcodesignstrategyforitsofficefurnitureproducts.ThisstrategymadepossibleinterestingresultsinthereductionofenvironmentalimpactsandtheoptimizationofLifeCycleCost.Itdevelopedgreenproductlines(exp:
"THINK"seating).TheenvironmentalperformanceofthisproductshowstheSteelcaseexpertiselevelinEcodesign.Steelcaseisalsothefirstofficefurnituremanufacturertopublishanenvironmentalproductdeclaration(EPD).
ThecontributionofSteelcasetosustainabledevelopmentisnotlimitedtothecertificationofitsmanufacturingunits(ISO14001)whichisnowthecaseformostofEuropeanandevenworldSteelcasesites.Itisaquestionofcreatingproductswhichintegrate,inadditiontotheusualcriteriaofquality,ofreliabilityandprice,thepreservationoftheenvironmentandthehealthofindividuals.TheenvironmentalresponsibilityforSteelcaseisreflectedonitsknow-howondesignoftheinnovativeproductswithlowenvironmentalimpact.Thatmeanstomeasureandanalyzetheenvironmentalimpactsofproductsateachlifecyclestage.SteelcaseisthefirstmanufacturerofofficefurnituretoapplytheexpertiseofLifeCycleAnalysis(LCA)inthedesignofnewproducts.TheLifeCycleAnalysisandtheEnvironmentalDeclarationsofProductsarecarriedoutbySteelcaseincollaborationwithresearchlaboratories.TheresultofLCAisthencheckedbymeansofacriticalre-examinationonbehalfofFrenchresearchinstitute.Steelcasealsocollaborateswith"McDonoughBraungartDesignChemistry"instituteformaterialsanalysis.
Themattersareanalyzedinaccordancewitharigorouscontrolsprotocol,onlytheproductsconsideredr
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