高考英语大一轮复习第一部分模块五Unit2Theenvironment课下作业牛津译林版.docx
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高考英语大一轮复习第一部分模块五Unit2Theenvironment课下作业牛津译林版.docx
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高考英语大一轮复习第一部分模块五Unit2Theenvironment课下作业牛津译林版
2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习第一部分模块五Unit2Theenvironment课下作业牛津译林版
Ⅰ.单项填空
1.Thereisnothingof________importanceintoday’snewspaper.
A.particularB.partial
C.peculiarD.specific
答案 A [particular“特别”,指众多事物中的个别。
句意:
今天的报纸上没什么特别的。
peculiar指“与众不同,独特”,强调与同类其他物品相异的特性。
]
2.Look,heavycloudsaregathering.Aterriblestormis________.
A.underwayB.intheway
C.bythewayD.inaway
答案 A [句意:
看,乌云在聚集。
一场可怕的暴风雨就要来了。
underway“正在进行,展开”;intheway“挡路”;bytheway“顺便说一声”;inaway“在某种程度上”。
故选A。
]
3.Don’tyouthinkit________forustostopeatingfishforfearofbeingchokedbyfishbones.
A.deliciousB.poisonous
C.ridiculousD.humorous
答案 C [句意:
你不认为对我们来说,因为害怕被鱼刺梗住就不吃鱼肉是荒唐可笑的吗?
根据句意可知应选C。
]
4.Smiling,moreoftenthannot,isagoodwaytoavoidanypossible________inourdailylife.
A.explanationB.debate
C.faultD.conflict
答案 D [句意:
在我们日常生活中,微笑通常是一种能避免任何可能的冲突的好方式。
explanation“解释”;debate“辩论”;fault“错误”;conflict“冲突”。
conflict符合句意,故答案选D。
]
5.Recentlyasurveyparingpricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedaheated________amongcitizens.
A.debateB.belief
C.opinionD.consultant
答案 A [debate“辩论,讨论”,符合句意。
]
6.Somevillagersreportedahugesnake,________overtwometreslong,wasfounddeadinanearbycave.
A.measuringB.beingmeasured
C.measuredD.tobemeasured
答案 A [measure“(指尺寸、长短、数量等)度量为”,是连系动词,所以用动词-ing形式充当定语,修饰ahugesnake。
]
7.Thepeopleurgedtheirgovernmenttotakemeasuresto________theircarbonemissiontoreducegreen-houseeffect.
A.cutoffB.cutupC.cutoutD.cutdown
答案 D [由句意“人们敦促政府采取措施减少二氧化碳排放以减少温室效应”可知,应用cutdown“降低,削减”。
cutoff“切断”;cutup“切碎”;cutout“裁剪,(马达或发动机)突然熄火,停止运转”。
]
8.Thephotographerneedstochargeupthedigitalcameraeverydayasthebattery________quickly.
A.shutsupB.endsup
C.runsoutD.turnsout
答案 C [句意:
这位摄影师每天都需要给数码相机充电,因为电池很快就用完了。
runout“用完,用尽”。
]
9.Confidenceismorethanjustanattitude;itesfromastrongmitmenttotake________,ratherthanjustletlifehappen.
A.considerationB.effect
C.responsibilityD.account
答案 C [句意:
自信并不仅仅是态度问题。
它来源于负责任的有力承诺,而不是随波逐流。
consideration考虑;effect影响;responsibility责任;account解释,账户。
根据句意可知选C。
]
10.—Iamsorrytotroubleyou.Iforgottobringmypenforthelecture.
—________.Ihavegotaspareone.
A.GoaheadB.You’rewele
C.NottoworryD.Perfect
答案 C [由“Ihavegotaspareone”可知,答话人是让对方不要担心。
nottoworry“别担心,不必发愁”,符合语境。
]
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
WeatherexpertssaidthisyearcouldbeoneofthestrongestElNiñoeventsinrecordedhistory.ElNiñomeanssevereweatherconditionsinpartsoftheworld.IneasternAfrica,forexample,KenyaandUgandaarepreparingforpossibleflooding.YetSouthAfricaandMalawiarealreadydealingwithextremelydryweather.
ElNiñoisSpanishfor“thechild”.ItusuallybeginsinDecember,nearthecelebrationofthebirthofJesusChrist.Infact,theweathereventwasnamedinhishonor.ElNiñodevelopswhenwindsoffthewestcoastofSouthAmericaweaken.ThispermitswarmwaterinthewesternPacifictoexpandtowardtheeastandtheAmericas.Atthesametime,cloudsandrainoverthewarmwatermoveeast,too.ElNiñoconditionsnormallyappearonlyabouttwiceevery10years.Usually,ElNiñoconditionscontinueforabout12to18months.Theybringwarmweathertosomeareas.Theseareasbeewetterthannormal,whileothersbeedrier.
TheUnitedNationsChildren’sFundwarnsthatmanypeopleareatriskfromhunger,diseaseandwatershortagesresultingfromElNiño.IneastandsouthernAfricaupto11millionchildrencouldbeaffected.EastAfricancountriesusuallyexperienceheavyrainfallduringtheElNiño.SouthernAfricausuallyhaslittlerainfall,whichmayleadtowildfiresordrought(干旱).
WeatherchangescausedbyElNiñodependonthestrengthofthecondition.Intheearly1980s,strongElNiñowaslinkedtodryweatherinAustraliaandAsia,rainandfloodinginSouthAmericaandhightemperaturesinmanypartsoftheU.S.Tenyearslater,smallerElNiñocausedtroubleinpartsoftheU.S.ItcausedseverefloodsintheSoutheastandtheMiddleWest.TomDiLebertoisameteorologist(气象学家)attheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministrationinWashington,D.C.HesaidthisyearcouldbethethirdstrongestElNiñoonrecord.Butwewillnotknowforsureuntilalltheweatherrecordsareexamined.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文,题材为科普环保类。
气象专家表示今年可能经历有记录以来最为强烈的厄尔尼诺之一。
1.Theauthorwritesthetexttotellus________.
A.manycountriesarepreparingfortheingfloods
B.Africawillprobablysufferalotfromthisyear’sElNiño
C.thisyearcouldbeoneofthestrongestElNiñoonrecord
D.11millionchildrencouldbeaffectedbythisyear’sElNiño
答案 C [目的意图题。
通读全文可知,本文主要向读者介绍气象专家表示今年可能经历有记录以来最为强烈的厄尔尼诺之一。
]
2.Thesecondparagraphismainlyabout________.
A.whatElNiñoactuallymeans
B.howElNiñoesintobeing
C.whenElNiñowilloccurnexttime
D.whyElNiñocausesweatherchanges
答案 B [细节理解题。
根据文章第二段可知,本段主要向读者介绍厄尔尼诺现象是如何形成的。
]
3.WhichofthefollowingcountriesoftensuffersfromfloodingcausedbyElNiño?
A.Kenya.B.Malawi.
C.Australia.D.SouthAfrica.
答案 A [细节理解题。
根据文章第一段IneasternAfrica,forexample,KenyaandUgandaarepreparingforpossibleflooding及第三段EastAfricancountriesusuallyexperienceheavyrainfallduringtheElNiño可知,东部非洲国家通常在厄尔尼诺期间遭受暴雨。
肯尼亚和乌干达正在准备迎接可能到来的洪水。
]
4.Theauthormentionedthe1980s’ElNiñoandthe1990s’ElNiñoto________.
A.explainwhysomanycountrieswereaffectedbyElNiño
B.proveweatherchangescausedbyElNiñodependonitsstrength
C.arguethatElNiñoconditionsusuallyappearabouttwiceevery10years
D.showscientistsdoubtwhetherthisyearwillhavethestrongestElNiño
答案 B [推理判断题。
根据文章最后一段可知,厄尔尼诺导致的气候变化取决于该现象的强度。
之后又举例说明了这一点,故选B。
]
B
FortyyearsagoauthorNormanMailerpublishedanessayinwhichhedeclaredthegraffitioftheNewYorksubwaytobe“TheGreatArtofthe70s”.Butwhathappenedtotheartistsandwhyistherenosubwaygraffitianymore?
“Itstartedwithsomeonejustwritinghisname—someonesawthat,andaddedontoit,”remembersNewYorkgraffitiartistNicer.“Lettersgoinginfrontofletters,ingbackthroughaletter,behindaletter,goingacrossaletter...thesubwaysbecameourplayground.”
NewYorkin1974wasacityincrisis.TheMayor,AbeBeame,cutdownthecity’sbudgettoavoidbankfailures,whichmeantlayingoffschoolteachers,policeofficersandsubwaystaff.“Theyweretakingthemoneyfromtheschoolsandsotheytooktheafter-schoolprogrammesaway,andtherewasnooutletsforthis.Sotheoutletbecameourcity,”saysBronx-borndesignerEricOrr.
“Itwaslikeanexplosion,thegraffitiexplosion.Allofasuddenittookoverthewholecity.Idon’tknowwhathappened,butovernightintheearly70sitwasfromnograffititoallgraffiti,”saysanotherformerartist,FlintGennari.
EricFelisbret,authorandformergraffitiartist,saysgraffiticulturewasinawayaproductofthecivilrightsmovement.“Itwasneverpolitical,”hesays,“butmanypeoplewerebroughtupwiththat,andtoexpressthemselvesbybreakingthelawbecameanaturalprocessforthem.”
Thegraffitiartistscamefromallraces,however.“TherewerewritersthatwereAfricanAmerican,Latino-PuertoRico,Dominican,Cuban-Jewish,Asian,anditbecameoneunit—onefamily,”saysanothergraffitipioneer,RobertoGualtieri.Theyadoptedaname,MoxieorSocono,Tang,Whirlpool,Duz,whichhadnorelationtotheirproduct.
ProfGregorySnyder,authorofGraffitiLives,says,“Forlotsofpeople,graffitiisugly,anddestroyspublicproperty,andIdon’trefusethatbutitcanbewrittenonadumpster,likeagarbagebin,andifsomeone’sattemptingtomakeagarbagebinlookalittleprettiermaybethat’snottheworstthingintheworld.”AlthoughMailerwasnotaloneinwelingthefloweringofcreativity,thegovernmentshatedit,sodidmanypassengers.
SowhenMayorEdKochtookoffice,hewasdeterminedtocleanupthecityandsetabouttargetinggraffiti.“Irememberin1982hebroughteveryoneouttoatrainyardandtherewasasingletrainpaintedwhite,”recallsformerNewYorkDailyNewsreporterSalvatoreArena.Trainsweretakenoutofserviceandcleanedassoonasgraffitiwasspotted.Carriageswereprotectedatnightandthecityagreedtobanthesaleofspraycans.
In198480%ofsubwaycarriagescontainedgraffiti,byMay1989,thenetworkwasgraffiti-free.“Graffitihasgonethroughanevolution,anditwillcontinuetoevolve.It’snowsociallyacceptedinplaceswhereabout30yearsagothatwouldhavebeenimpossible.It’snowshowedincertainmuseums—andlet’ssayinanother30yearsfromnowitmaybehangingintheWhiteHouse,”saysNicer.
NowadayspaintedgraffitiislargelygonefromtheNewYorksubwaytrainsthemselvesandisseeninsteadonthewallsofthecity.Ithasbeenreplacedbyscratchiticreatedontocarriagewindowsusingkeysorknives.Unlikethevividimagesof40yearsago,theseghostlypatternsaresomehoweasytoignore.Afterall,graffiti__has__faded__quietly__into__the__background.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。
20世纪70年代涂鸦艺术在纽约地铁盛行一时,但是,它的出现也遭到很多乘客的反感,最后经过政府的一些举措而被取缔,与此同时它自身也在经历着演化。
5.WhydidgraffitisuddenlyappearinNewYork?
A.BecausenormanMailerpublishedanessay.
B.BecauseNewYorkershadasenseofgraffiti.
C.Becausegraffitiwaseasilydoneonthetrains.
D.BecauseeconomyinNewYorkwentworse.
答案 D [推理判断题。
根据文章第三段可知,当在纽约经济出现严重问题时,市长为了避免银行倒闭而缩减财政开支,导致大量人员下岗,因而人们采取了这种涂鸦艺术来表达自己的不满。
]
6.Inthe1970s,NewYorkgraffitiartists________.
A.oftenlefttheirownnamesafterfinishingtheirworks
B.realizedtheywereactuallyagainstthelaw
C.wereorganizingapoliticalmovement
D.weremainlyfromthestudents
答案 B [细节理解题。
根据第五段以及第六段最后一句可知,纽约的这些涂鸦艺术家们在发动一场民权运动而不是政治运动,其实他们自己也知道他们的这种行为是违法的。
]
7.Whohadtheideathatgraffitiwasharmfulinaway?
A.NormanMailer.B.EricOrr.
C.GregorySnyder.D.
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