非谓语动词语法讲解.docx
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非谓语动词语法讲解.docx
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非谓语动词语法讲解
非谓语动词语法讲解
一、非谓语动词的概念
动词的基本用法是作谓语。
当句中已经有了谓语动词了,要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。
非谓语形式有三种:
1、动词不定式:
todo2、动词的ing:
doing3、 动词的过去分词:
done
二、三种形式的含义(基本用法)
不定式:
表示目的和将来;动词的ing:
表示主动和进行;过去分词:
表示被动和完成。
三、非谓语动词的时态和语态
一般式完成式进行式
不定式主动todotohavedonetobedoing
被动tobedonetohavebeendone
ing形式主动doinghavingdone
被动beingdonehavingbeendone
过去分词被动done
四、非谓语动词的否定形式
在非谓语动词前加not,never.即not/nevertodo,not/neverdoing
五、非谓语动词的复合结构
不定式的复合结构:
for/ofsb.todosth.
动词ing形式的复合结构:
宾格或所有格+doing(-ing形式作主语时,用的所有格+doing)
六、非谓语动词的做题步骤
1、判定是否用非谓语形式。
方法:
看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了
2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
方法:
非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。
方法:
非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
4、判断时间关系。
方法:
分析句子,看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。
之前常用done;之后常用todo;同时常用doing.
学习非谓语形式时,建议把三种形式一起来比较学习,会更加有效一些。
一、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较
1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语
a.不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。
动词ing常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。
如:
________isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.
A.ThewalkB.WalkingC.TowalkD.Walk
(分析) agoodform暗示泛指一般的行为,用动名词作主语,选 B
b.不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,即用句型:
Itis+adj./n.+(for/ofsb.)todosth.
It’simportantforustolearnEnglishwell.It’skindofyoutohelpus.
注意:
下面几个句型是用动名词:
It’snogood/usedoingsth.It’suselessdoingsth.Thereisnoneedtodosth.
2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较
1、不定式、动名词作表语,.表示主语的内容。
如:
Myjobisteaching/toteachEnglish.(teaching/toteachEnglish是myjob的内容)
Knowingwhowearemeansknowingwhatweliketodo. (主表语要用同一种形式)
2、分词作表语
记住:
一些表示情感、情绪的动词,常用分词形式作表语。
现在分词表示主语的性质特征,用过去分词表示主语的状态。
常用动词:
surprise(使某人吃惊),surprising(令人吃惊),surprised(主语)感到吃惊)类似动词有:
excite(激动),astonish(惊奇),shock(震惊),scare(惊恐), disappoint(失望),move (感动),
如:
Themovieisexciting.Weareexcitedatthenews.
3、在seem/appear(似乎,好像),prove /turnout(被证明是),remain(仍然是,尚待)等连系动词后,可用不定式作表语。
如:
Heseemed(tobe)veryhappy.
非谓语动词练习题精选
1.ShepretendedmewhenIpassedby.
A.nottoseeB.notseeingC.tonotseeD.havingnotseen
2.-Haveyoudecidedwhen?
-Yes,tomorrowmorning.
A.toleaveB.tobeleavingC.willyouleaveD.areyouleaving
3.LastsummerItookacourseon.
A.howtomakedressesB.howtobemadedressed
C.howdressesbemadeD.howdressestobemade
A.toneverdriveB.neverdrivingC.nevertodriveD.neverdrive
5.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenherupfromchildhood.
A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow
6.Johnwasmadethetruckforaweekasapunishment.
A.washingB.towashC.washD.tobewashing
7.Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortableto.
A.sitB.sitonC.besatD.besaton
8.Itiseasythesequestions.
A.answerB.tobeansweredC.foransweringD.forhertoanswer
9.____iseasierthandoing.A.TotalkB.TalkC.TalkingD.Talks
10.Don'tforgetyourlawyerthisweekend.
A.meetingB.tomeetC.havingmetD.met
11.IamafraidIforgetyoubefore.A.tomeetB.meetingC.meetD.met
12.Mypenisratherold,butitisallrightformeto.
A.writeB.writewithC.bewrittenD.bewrittenwith
13.Hedoesn'tknowtosayornot.
A.ifB.eitherC.whetherD.ifhewill
14.Thedoctoradviseslessandmoreexercise.
A.toeat;totakeB.eating;totakeC.eating;takingD.toeat;taking
15.-Whatareyougoingtodothisafternoon?
-I'mthinkingoftovisitmyaunt.
A.goB.goingC.havinggoneD.mygoing
16.Thedeerwasluckythatitjustmissed.
A.catchingB.tobecaughtC.beingcaughtD.tocatch
17.YoushouldkeeponEnglisheveryday.
A.topractisetospeakB.topractisespeakingC.practisingtospeakD.practisingspeaking
18.Thestudentdoesn'tmindwhenhespeaksEnglish.
A.A.beinglaughedB.beinglaughedatC.tobelaughedD.laughingat
19.Thesentenceneeds.
A.improveB.improvingC.improvedD.animprovement
20.Haveyouusedabag?
A.sleepingB.sleepC.asleepD.slept
21.LittleTomcoulddonothingbut.A.waitedB.waitingC.waitD.towait
22.______madehermotherangry.
A.Helen'smarriedJackB.Helen'smarryingJack
C.Helen'shasmarriedJackD.Helen'smarryingwithJack
23.Theproblemisworth.
A.discussingB.todiscussC.discussedD.tobediscussed
24.Hehasneverspentaday.
A.moreworryB.mostworryingC.moreworryingD.mostworry
25.Mostofthepeopletothepartywerefamousscientists.
A.invitedB.toinvitedC.beinginvitedD.inviting
26.Thenewssounds.
A.encouragingB.encouragedC.encourageD.toencourage
27.-Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?
-I'dliketohavethispackage,madam.
A.beweighedB.tobeweighedC.toweighD.weighed
28._______anythingabouttheaccident,hewenttoworkasusual.
A.NotknownB.KnownnotC.KnowingD.Notknowing
29.__________totheparty,Joanwasgreatlyhurt.
A.HavingnotbeeninvitedB.Nothavingbeeninvited
C.HavingnotinvitedD.Nothavinginvited
30._______byapoliceman,thechildrencrossedthestreetsafely.
A.ToleadB.LeadC.LeadingD.Led
31.Theboy________abluejacketisJohn'sbrother.
A.wearB.woreC.wearingD.wears
32._______EnglishisquitedifferentfromwrittenEnglish.
A.SpokenB.SpeakC.SpokeD.Speaking
33.Heisfroman________country.
A.English-spokenB.English-speakingC.speaking-EnglishD.English-speak
34.________theirlessons,theywenttothecinema.
A.FinishingB.HadfinishedC.FinishedD.Havingfinished
35.______hehadwonthefirstprize,hefeltveryhappy.
A.KnowB.KnownC.KnowingD.Beingknown
36.36.Assoonassheenteredtheroom,thegirlcaughtsightoftheflowersbyhermother.
A.buyingB.beingboughtC.wereboughtD.bought
37.Theoldscientisthasbeeninvitedtoaparty______nextMondayevening.
A.holdingB.holdC.beingheldD.tobeheld
38.Thebuildingnowwillbeusedasourreadingroom.
A.builtB.tobebuiltC.beingbuiltD.isbuilt
39.Iadvisedatonce.
A.himtostartingB.himtostartC.tostartingD.tostart
40.Youshouldn'tallowgamesneartheclassroom,forit'stoonoisy.
A.studentplayingB.toplayC.studentstoplayD.toplaying
41.Thestudentsarekeptbusytheirlessons.
A.toreviewB.reviewC.reviewingD.onreviewing
42.Iknewhedidn'tlistentome,butIwentontogethimintheproposal.
A.hoping;interestingB.tohope;interestingC.hoping;interestD.hoping;interested
43.Wecan'tgetthecar.Weneedsomeoneus.
A.A.togo;tohelpB.going;tohelpC.going;helpingD.gone;helping
44.Iprefertowatchfootball.
A.toplayB.toplayingC.ratherthanplayD.thantoplay
45.Thedaywehadlookedforwardtoatlast.
A.comingB.comeC.cameD.comes
46.Ihopeyou'llsucceedthistask.
A.finishesB.tofinishC.finishD.infinishing
47.Hecouldn'topenthefrontdoor,sohetriedthebackdoor.
A.pushB.topushC.pushedD.pushing
48.Idon'twantthatsortofthing
A.keephappenB.keephappeningC.tokeephappenD.tokeephappening
49.Mywatchwants.Itdoesn'ttherighttime.
A.torepair;tellB.beingrepaired;sayC.repairing;speakD.repairing;tell
50.Thedoctoradvisedhimtogiveup,butherefusedso.
A.tosmoke;doingB.smoking;todoC.tosmoke;todoD.smoking;doing
51._______verysmall,computersarewidelyused.
A.BecauseB.AsC.SinceD.Being
52._______manytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandit.
A.HavingbeentoldB.HehadbeentoldC.ThoughhehadbeentoldD.Havingtold
53.______totheleftandyou'llseethepostoffice.
A.ToturnB.TurningC.TurnedD.Turn
54.When,icechangesintowater.
A.toheatB.heatingC.heatedD.theyareheated
55.______withhisbrother,heisnotsoclever.
A.CompareB.TocompareC.ComparingD.Compared
56.Askedifhecouldcometothepartythatnight,.
A.nobodysaidanythingB.theydidn'tgetananswerfromhim
C.nothingwassaidbyhimD.Johnnoddedhisheadandlefttheroom
57.Lessonseasilyaresoonforgotten.
A.tolearnB.learnC.learnedD.learning
58.Amongtheseshipsarenonetous.
A.belongedB.tobebelongedC.belongingD.belongs
59.-Whowerethosepeoplewiththebananas?
-AgroupitselftheLeagueforPeace.
A.callingB.callsC.calledD.iscalled
60.Thetelevisionisamachine.
A.newly-inventingB.newly-inventedC.newly-inventD.newly-invention
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