哈佛文献引用标注harvard referencing.docx
- 文档编号:9778098
- 上传时间:2023-02-06
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:10
- 大小:21.19KB
哈佛文献引用标注harvard referencing.docx
《哈佛文献引用标注harvard referencing.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《哈佛文献引用标注harvard referencing.docx(10页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
哈佛文献引用标注harvardreferencing
Harvardreferencingguide
HSL-DVC1
Abibliographicalreferenceshouldcontainsufficientinformationforsomeoneelseoryourselftotracetheiteminalibrary.Itisveryimportanttobeconsistentandaccuratewhencitingreferences.Thesamesetofrulesshouldbefollowedeverytimeyouciteareference.Citationsinthetextshouldgivetheauthor'snamewiththeyearofpublicationandthenallreferencesshouldbelistedinalphabeticalorderattheendofthepaper/dissertation.
ThisguideaimstooutlinehowtoreferenceusingtheHarvardmethod.TheHarvardmethodisnottheonlystandardofreferencingandyoushouldconsultwithyourlecturerswhichtheyrecommend.Foramoreinteractivetutorialonhowtoreferencecorrectlyrefertothe„Tutorialsbydepartment‟tabontheInformationSkillsResourcewebsite.
Harvardmethodofcitationinthetext
Allstatements,opinions,conclusionsetc.takenfromanotherwriter'sworkshouldbeacknowledged,whethertheworkisdirectlyquoted,paraphrasedorsummarised.IntheHarvardSystemcitedpublicationsarereferredtoinoneoftheformsshownbelow:
Singleauthor:
-
InastudybySeedhouse(1997)copingwithillnesswasinvestigated....
Inastudy(Seedhouse,1997)copingwithillnesswasinvestigated....
Whenanauthorhaspublishedmorethanoneciteddocumentinthesameyearthesearedistinguishedbyaddinglowercaselettersaftertheyearwithinthebrackets.
Burnard(1992a)wroteaboutcommunicationforhealthprofessionalsthat....
Twoauthors:
-
InthebookbyBasfordandSlevin(1995).....
Morethantwoauthors:
-
Benneretal(1996)concludethat....
Ifmorethanonecitationisreferredtowithinasentence,listthemallinthefollowingform,bydateandthenalphabetically:
-
Thereareindicationsthatpassivesmokingispotentiallythreateningtothehealth..........(FrancomeandMarks,1996;Bunton,1995;Lupton,1995)
Harvardmethodofquotinginthetext
Whenquotingdirectlyinthetextusequotationmarksaswellasacknowledgingtheauthor'sname,yearofpublicationandpagenumberofthequoteinbrackets.
Shortquotationse.g.upto2linescanbeincludedinthebodyofthetext:
-
Weir(1995)statesthat"definingrolesandtheirremitsisnotsimple"(p.10).
Longerquotationsshouldbeindentedinaseparateparagraph:
-
ThomasandIngham(1995)indiscussingstaffdevelopmentstatethat:
"Developmentisinfectious,andstaffwhopreviouslyhaverecoiledfromundertakingadegreeorconversioncoursehavebeenencouragedbythesuccessofothers"(p.33).
Ifpartofthequotationisomittedthenthiscanbeindicatedusingthreedots:
-
WeirandKendrick(1995)statethat"networkingisnolongersolelywithinthemaledomain..."(p.88).
Secondaryreferencing
Secondaryreferencingiswhenoneauthorisreferringtotheworkofanotherandtheprimarysourceisnotavailable.Youshouldcitetheprimarysourceandthesourceyouhavereade.g.(FiedlerandChemers,1974,citedinDouglass,1996).Secondaryreferencingshouldbeavoidedifatallpossible.
Harvardmethodoflistingreferencesattheendofthetext
Referencesshouldbelistedinalphabeticalorderbyauthor'snameandthenbydate(earliestfirst),andthenifmorethanoneitemhasbeenpublishedduringaspecificyearbyletter(1995a,1995betc).Wheneverpossibledetailsshouldbetakenfromthetitlepageofapublicationandnotfromthefrontcover,whichmaybedifferent.Eachreferenceshouldincludetheelementsandpunctuationgivenintheexamplesbelow.Authors'forenamescanbeincludedifgivenonthetitlepagebuttheyarenotrequiredtobe.Thetitleofthepublicationshouldeitherbeinitalicsorunderlined.Theexamplesgivenareinitalics:
Abookbyasingleauthor:
Seedhouse,D.(1997)Healthpromotion:
philosophy,prejudiceandpractice.Chichester,JohnWiley.
Abookbytwoauthors:
Burns,NancyandGrove,SusanK.(1997)Thepracticeofnursingresearch:
conduct,critique&utilization.3rdedition.London,Saunders.
Abookbymorethantwoauthors:
Mares,Pennyetal.(1995)HealthcareinmultiracialBritain.Cambridge,HealthEducationCouncil.
Abookbyacorporateauthor(e.g.agovernmentdepartmentorotherorganisation):
HealthVisitors'Association(1992)Principlesintopractice:
anHVApositionstatementonhealthvisitingandschoolnursing.London,HealthVisitors'Association.
Aneditedbook:
Basford,LynnandSlevin,Oliver(eds)(1995)Theoryandpracticeofnursing:
anintegratedapproachtopatientcare.Edinburgh,Campion.
Achapterinabook:
Weir,Pauline(1995)Clinicalpracticedevelopmentrole:
apersonalreflection.In:
K.Kendricketal.(eds)Innovationsinnursingpractice.London,EdwardArnold.p.5-22.
Anarticleinajournal:
Allen,A.(1993)Changingtheoryinnursingpractice.SeniorNurse,13
(1),43-5.
Anarticleinanewspaper:
White,M.(1998)£68mtocutNHSwaitinglists.Guardian,MondayMay181998,p.8.
Ifnoauthornameisgiventhenanonshouldbeusedinstead.
Anon(1998)Schemestoboostdentalcare.Guardian,MondayMay181998,p.8.
Governmentpublications
InbroadtermsWhitePaperscontainstatementsofGovernmentpolicywhileGreenPapersputforwardproposalsforconsiderationandpublicdiscussion.Theyarecitedinthesameway.
AWhitepaper:
DepartmentofHealth(1996)Choiceandopportunity:
primarycare:
thefuture.Cm.3390.London,StationeryOffice.
AGreenpaper:
DepartmentofHealth(1998)OurHealthierNation:
acontractforhealth.Cm3854.London,StationeryOffice.
AnActofParliament:
GreatBritain(1990)NationalHealthServiceandCommunityCareAct1990.Chapter19.London,HMSO.
Conferenceproceedings:
Publishedconferenceproceedingswithauthororeditor(s):
Banks,S.etal(1998)NetworkedLifelongLearning:
innovativeapproachestoeducationandtrainingthroughtheInternet:
Proceedingsofthe1998InternationalConferenceheldattheUniversityofSheffield.Sheffield,UniversityofSheffield.
Paperfrompublishedconferenceproceedingswithauthororeditor(s):
Proctor,P.(1998)Thetutorial:
combiningasynchronousandsynchronouslearning.In:
Banks,S.etal.NetworkedLifelongLearning:
innovative
Athesisordissertation:
Stones,Marian(1995)Women,nurses,education:
anoralhistorytakingtechnique.UnpublishedM.Ed.dissertation,UniversityofSheffield.
Asecondaryreference:
Fiedler,F.andChemers,M.(1974)Leadershipandeffectivemanagement.Glenview,Illinois,ScottForesman&Co.Citedin:
Douglass,LauraMae(1996)Theeffectivenurse:
leaderandmanager.5thedition.St.Louis,Missouri,Mosby.
Acknowledgements:
Thefollowingdocumentshavebeenusedinthecompilationofthisguideandfurtherinformationcanbeobtainedfromthem.
BournemouthUniversity.AcademicServicesGroup.LibraryandInformationServices.(1996)HarvardSystem.[online]Bournemouth,BournemouthUniversity.[Accessed9thJune1996].
BritishStandardsInstitution(1989)BSRecommendationsforreferencestopublishedmaterials.BS.1629:
1989.London,BSI.
Citingelectronicsourcesofinformation
Thereisaseparateguidegivingdetailsofhowtociteelectronicsourcesofinformation:
“Citingelectronicsourcesofinformation”.
Citingonlineandaudiovisualsourcesofinformation
HSL-DVC2
Dataisavailableinvariousformatsapartfromprinteddocumentssuchasbooksandjournals.Increasinglyinformationisbecomingavailableelectronically.ThisguidesetsouttoprovideexamplesofhowtocitetheseelectronicsourcesofinformationintheHarvardstyle.Thereisaseparatedocumentoutlininghowtociteprintedmaterial.Thestandardcopyrightlawappliesequallytoelectronicsourcesandanyreferencetootherpeople'sworkshouldbeacknowledgedwithcitationsinyourtextandinclusioninyourreferencelist.
TheInformationSkillsResourceincludesinteractivetutorialsonhowtoreferencecorrectly.Selectthe‘Tutorialsbydepartment’tabfortutorialstailoredforyoursubjectarea.Alwayscheckwhichreferencingmethodyourdepartmentrecommendsbeforesubmittingfinishedwork.
INTERNETSOURCES
Individualworks
Author/editorsurname,Initial.(Year)Title[online].Edition.Placeofpublication,Publisher.Availablefrom:
URL[Accesseddate].
Example:
Marieb.E.(2000)EssentialsofHumananatomyandPhysiology:
AWLCompanionWebSite.[online].6thedition.SanFrancisco,BenjaminCummings.Availablefrom:
[Accessed4thJuly2001].
Includetheyearofpublicationinbrackets.MostWebpagesareupdatedonaregularbasis.Dateofpublicationisthedatethepageswerelastupdated.IfyouarenotsureofthedateclickonViewandpagesourcetocheckwhenlastmodified.Ifnopublicationdateisgivenwrite(Nodate).
Onlymentionaneditionstatementifthedocumentclearlystatesthatthepageshavebeenrewrittenratherthanjustupdated.
Theaccesseddateiswhenyouviewed,downloadedorprintedtheWebpage.Thisstatementisnecessarytoallowforanysubsequentchangeswhichmaybemadetothepageorifthepageisnolongeravailable.
Thetermpublisherisusedheretocoverboththetraditionalideaofpublisherofprintedsources,aswellasorganisationsresponsibleformaintainingsitesontheInternet,suchastheUniversityofSheffield.Iftheplaceofpublicationisnotstatedandcannotbeascertainedthenleaveout.
OfteninformationisputontheInternetbyorganisationswithoutcitingaspecificauthor.Insuchcases,ascribeauthorshiptothesmallestidentifiableorganisationalunit(thisissimilartothestandardmethodofcitingworksproducedbyacorporatebody)ors
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 哈佛文献引用标注harvard referencing 哈佛 文献 引用 标注 harvard