考研英语一真题.docx
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考研英语一真题.docx
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考研英语一真题
2020考研英语一真题
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnum-
beredblankandmark[A],[B],[C],or[D]ontheANSWERSHEET.
(10points)
Eveniffamiliesdon'tsitdowntoeattogetheras
frequentlyas
'
before,millionsofBritonswillnonethelesshavegotasharethis
weekendofoneofthatnation'sgreattraditions:
theSundayroast.1a
coldwinter'sday,fewculinarypleasurescan2it.Yetaswereport
now.Thefoodpolicearedeterminedourhealth.Thatthis3shouldbe
renderedyetanotherqualitypleasure4todamageourhealth.
TheFoodStandardsAuthority(FSA)has5apublicworming
abouttherisksofacompoundcalledacrylamidethatformsinsome
foodscooked6hightemperatures.Thismeansthatpeopleshould7
#
crispingtheirroastpotatoes,rejectthin—crustpizzasandonly8toast
theirbread.Butwhereistheevidencetosupportsuchalarmistadvice?
9studieshaveshownthatacrylamidecancauseneurologicaldamage
inmice,thereisno10evidencethatitcausescancerinhumans.
Scientistssaythecompoundis11tocausecancerbuthaveno
hardscientificproof12theprecautionaryprincipleitcouldbeargued
thatitis13tofollowtheFSAadvice.14,itwasrumouredthatsmok-
ingcausedcancerforyearsbeforetheevidencewasfoundtoprovea
|
15.
Doubtlessapieceofboiledbeefcanalwaysbe16uponSunday
alongsidesomesteamedvegetables,withouttheYorkshirepudding
andnowine.Butwouldlifebeworthliving?
17,theFSAsaysitis
nottellingpeopletocutoutroastfoods18,butreducetheirlifetime
intake.Howeverits19riskscomingacrossasbeingpushyandover-
protective.Constanthealthscaresjust20withonelistening.
1.[A]In[B]Towards[C]On[D]Till
!
2.[A]match[B]express[C]satisfy[D]influence
3.[A]patience[B]enjoyment[C]surprise[D]concern
4.[A]intensified[B]privileged[C]compelled[D]guaranteed
5.[A]issued[B]received[C]compelled[D]guaranteed
6.[A]under[B]at[C]for[D]by
7.[A]forget[B]regret[C]finish[D]avoid8.[A]partially[B]regularly[C]easily[D]initially
9.[A]Unless[B]Since[C]If[D]While
10.[A]secondary[B]external[C]conclusive[D]negative
《
11.[A]insufficient[B]bound[C]likely[D]slow
12.[A]Onthebasisof[B]Atthecostof[C]Inadditionto[D]In
contrastto
13.[A]interesting[B]advisable[C]urgent[D]fortunate
14.[A]Asusual[B]Inparticular[C]Bydefinition[D]After
all
15.[A]resemblance[B]combination[C]connection[D]pat-
tern
{
16.[A]made[B]served[C]saved[D]used
17.[A]Tobefair[B]Forinstance[C]Tobebrief[D]Ingen-
eral
18.[A]reluctantly[B]entirely[C]gradually[D]carefully
19.[A]promise[B]experience[C]campaign[D]competition
20.[A]followup[B]pickup[C]openup[D]endup.
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartADirections:
,
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweach
textbychoosing[A],[B],[C],or[D].Markyouranswersonthe
ANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
AgroupoflabourMPs,amongthemYvetteCooper,arebring-
inginthenewyearwithacalltoinstituteaUK“townofculture”
award.Theproposalisthatitshouldsitalongsidetheexistingcityof
culturetitle,whichwasheldbyHullin2017andhasbeenawardedto
—
Coventryforzoz1.Cooperandhercolleaguesarguethatthesuccess
ofthecrownforHull,whereitbroughtin£220mofinvestmentand
anavalancheofarts,outnottobeconfinedtocities.Britain'town,it
istruearenotpreventedfromapplying,buttheygenerallylackthe
resourcestoputtogetherabittobeattheirbigger
competitions.A
townofcultureawardcould,itisargued,becomeanannualevent,at-
tractingfundingandcreatingjobs.
【
Somemightseetheproposalasaboobyprizeforthefactthat
Britainisnolongerbeabletoapplyforthemuchmoreprestigious
titleofEuropeancapitalofculture,asough-afterawardbaggedby
Glasgowin1990andLiverpoolin2008.Acynicmightspeculatethat
theUKisonthe
vergeofdisappearingintoanendlessfeverof
self-celebrationin
itsdesperationtoreinventitselfforthepost-Brexitworld:
aftertown
#
ofculture,whoknowsthatwillfollow—villageofculture?
Suburbof
culture?
Hamletofculture?
Itisalsowiselorecallthatsuchtitlesarenotacure-all.Abadly
run“yearofculture”washesinandoutofaplacelikethetide,bring-
ingprominenceforaspellbutleavingnolastingbenefitstothecom-
munity.Thereallysuccessfulholdersofsuchtitlesarethosethatdoa
greatdealmorethanfillhotelbedroomsandbringinhigh-profilearts
eventsandgoodpressforayear.Theytransformthe
"
aspirationsofthe
peoplewholivethere;theynudgetheself-imageofthecityintoa
bolderandmoreoptimisticlight.Itishardtogetright,andrequiresa
remarkabledegreeofvision,aswellascooperationbetweencityau-
thorities,theprivatesector,community.groupsandculturalorganisa-
tions.Butitcanbedone:
Glasgow'syearasEuropeancapitalofcul-
turecancertainlybeseenasoneofcomplexseriesoffactorsthathave
turnedthecityintothepowerofart,musicandtheatrethatitremains
(
today.
A“townofculture”couldbenotjustabouttheartsbutabout
honouringatown'speculiarities
—helpingsustainitshighstreet,supportinglocalfacilitiesand
aboveallcelebratingitspeopleandturnitintoaction.
21.Cooperandhercolleaguesarguethata“townofculture”
awardcould
[A]consolidatethetown-citytiesinBritain.
"
[B]promotecooperationamongBritain'stowns.
[C]increasetheeconomicstrengthofBritain'stowns.[D]focusBritain'slimitedresourcesonculturalevents.22.AccordingtoParagraph2,theproposalmightberegardedby
someas
[A]asensiblecompromise.
[B]aself-deceivingattempt.
[C]aneye-catchingbonus.
[D]aninaccessibletarget.
23.Theauthorsuggeststhatatitleholderissuccessfulonlyifit
}
[A]endeavourstomaintainitsimage.
[B]meetstheaspirationsofitspeople.
[C]bringsitslocalartstoprominence.
[D]commitstoitslong-termgrowth.
24.GlasgowismentionedinParagraph3topresent[A]acontrastingcase.(B]asupportingexample.
[C]abackgroundstory.
[D]arelatedtopic.
25.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheproposal?
[A]Skeptical.
—
[B]Objective.
[C]Favourable.
[D]Critical.
Text2
Scientificpublishinghaslongbeenalicencetoprintmoney.Sci-
entistsneedjournalsinwhichtopublishtheirresearch,sotheywill
supplythearticleswithoutmonetaryreward.Otherscientistsperform
thespecialisedworkofpeerreviewalsoforfree,becauseitisacen-
~
tralelementintheacquisitionofstatusandtheproductionofscien-
tificknowledge.
Withthecontentofpaperssecuredforfree,thepublisherneeds
onlyfindamarketforitsjournal.Untilthiscentury,
universitylibrar-
ieswerenotverypricesensitive.Scientificpublishersroutinelyreport
profitmarginsapproaching40%ontheiroperations,atatimewhen
therestofthepublishingindustryisinanexistentialcrisis.
*
TheDutchgiantElsevier,whichclaimstopublish25%ofthe
scientificpapersproducedintheworld,madeprofitsofmorethan
£900mlastyear,whileUKuniversitiesalonespentmorethan£210m
in2016toenableresearcherstoaccesstheirownpubliclyfundedre-
search;bothfiguresseemtoriseunstoppablydespiteincreasingly
desperateeffortstochangethem.
Themostdrastic,andthoroughlyillegal,reactionhasbeenthe
emergenceofSci-Hub,akindofglobalphotocopierforscientificpa-
。
pers,setupin2012,whichnowclaimstoofferaccesstoeverypay-
walledarticlepublishedsince2015.ThesuccessofSci-Hub,which
reliesonresearcherspassingoncopiestheyhavethemselveslegally
accessed,showsthelegalecosystemhaslostlegitimacyamongisus-
ersandmustbetransformedsothatitworksforall
participants.
InBritainthemovetowardsopenaccesspublishinghasbeen
drivenbyfundingbodies.Insomewaysithasbeenverysuccessful.
&
MorethanhalfofallBritishscientificresearchisnow
publishedunderopenaccessterms:
eitherfreelyavailablefrom
themomentofpublication,orpaywalledforayearormoresothatthe
publisherscanmakeaprofitbeforebeingplacedongeneralrelease.
Yetthenewsystemhasnotworkedoutanycheaperfortheuni-
versities.Publishershaverespondedtothedemandthattheymake
theirproductfreetoreadersbychargingtheirwritersfeestocoverthe
costsofpreparinganarticle.Theserangefromaround£500to$5,000.
¥
Areportlastyearpointedoutthatthecostsbothof
subscriptionsand
ofthese“articlepreparationcostshadbeensteadilyrisingatarate
aboveinflation.Insomewaysthescientificpublishingmodelresem-
blestheeconomyofthesocialinternet:
labourisprovidedfreeinex-
changeforthehopeofstatus,whilehugeprofitsaremadebyafew
bigfirmswhorunthemarketplaces.Inbothcases,weneedare-
balancingofpower.
、
26.Scientificpublishingisseenas“alicencetoprintmoney”
partlybecause
[A]itsfundinghasenjoyedasteadyincrease.
[B]itsmarketingstrategyhasbeensuccessful.
[C]itspaymentforpeerreviewisreduced.
[D]itscontentacquisitioncostsnothing.
27.AccordingtoParagraphs2and3,scientificpublishersElse-
vierhave
|
[A]thrivedmainlyonuniversitylibraries.
[B]gonethroughanexistentialcrisis.
[C]revivedthepublishingindustry.
[D]financedresearchersgenerously.
28.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesuccessof
Sci-Hub?
[A]Relieved.
[B]Puzzled.
[
[C]Concerned.
[D]Encouraged.
29.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphs5and6thatopenaccess
terms.
[A]allowpublisherssomeroomtomakemoney.
[B]renderpublishingmucheasierforscientists.
[C]reducethecostofpublicationsubstantia
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