语法讲解非谓语动词讲解课件.docx
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语法讲解非谓语动词讲解课件.docx
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语法讲解非谓语动词讲解课件
1.todo2.-ing3.done
谓语:
说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
它有人称、数、时态和语态的变化。
e.g.Heworks.
Hetakescareofthebaby.HewillgotoShanghai.
Hedidn’tgotoShanghai.HehasgonetoShanghai.Youarestudents.
Youlooksmart.
单谓语或动词短语
情态动词/助动词+v.
系动词+表语
非谓语:
无人称,数的变化,不单独作谓语,但保留动词特点,可以有宾语或状语。
e.g.Heworks.
Hewantstoworkhere.Heisworkingnow.
Hehasdonehiswork.
非谓语动词的分类
不定式(todo)
asanoun
动名词
V-ing
V-ed
asadj.oradv.现在分词
过去分词
找出下列句子中的非谓语动词(含短语)
1.Tomreturnedfromthemanager’soffice,tellingmethatthebosswantedtoseemeatonce.
2.Thenewsmeeting,tobeheldinthathall,hasalreadybeencrowdedwithreporters.
3.Iheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.
4.ThemantalkingwithmyfatherisMr.Wang.
5.Toliveistostruggle.(生活就是斗争。
)
非谓语动词的句法作用
非谓语动词
主语
宾语
表语
定语
宾补
状语
不定式
√
√
动名词
√
√
√
现在分词
过去分词
辨析几类情况:
一、不定式与动名词做主语:
1.动名词做主语往往表示泛指的、一般的行为;不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为或将来的动作。
e.g.Climbingmountainsisgreatfun.爬山很有趣。
TovisitChinaismynextgoal.
2.不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。
e.g.Ittookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob.
3.动名词作主语有时用it作形式主语,把动名词置于句尾。
常见于以下句型中:
It’suse/good/fun…It’suseful/nice/useless…
e.gIt’sniceseeingyouagain.
1.alanguagerequirestimeandeffort.
A.LearnB.LearningC.TolearnD.Beinglearned
2.Itisnotalwayseasyinvitations.
A.torefuseB.refusingC.toberefusedD.beingrefused
3.Howtheproblemwillbediscussedattomorrow’smeeting.
A.tosolveB.tobesolvedC.beingsolvedD.solving
4.Itforty-fiveminutestherebybus.
A.cost,togetB.takes,getting
C.takes,togetD.takes,togetto
5.Itisnogood.Youshouldgive.
A.tosmoke,itupB.smoking,itup
C.smoking,upitD.tosmoke,upit
二、不定式与动名词做宾语:
v1.下列动词后常跟不定式做宾语:
want,wish,hope,expect,ask,afford,agree,choose,pretend,decide,happen,learn,offer,refuse,fail,plan,prepare,order,manage,promise,intend等。
ve.g.Heagreedtogetsomeonetohelpus.
vTheypromisednottobreaktheschoolrulesagain.
只能接不定式作宾语的动词口诀:
决定想做计划需要同意能做被用来做的事迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事
决定想做计划需要同意能做被用来做的事
decidetodosth.决定做某事want∕wouldliketodosth.想做某事plantodosth.计划做某
needtodosth.需要做某事
agreetodosth.同意做某事
affordtodo能做某事
beusedtodo被用来做
迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事
can’twaittodo迫不及待地要做某事makeupone’smindtodo下决心做某事usedtodo过去常常做某事
failtodo未能做某事
2.在下列动词或动词短语后常用动名词做宾语:
admit,advise,allow,avoid,bear,cannothelp,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,giveup,imagine.include,keep,keepon,mind,miss,putoff,permit,practice,resist,risk,suggest,stand,insiston,bebusy,beworth,feellike,can’tstand,thinkof,dreamof,befondof,prevent…(from),keep…from,stop…(from),protect…from,beengagedin,spend…(in),succeedin,admitto,be/get/becomeusedto,beequalto,devote…to,getdownto,lookforwardto,objectto,stickto,taketo,seeto,leadto,payattentionto等。
只能接-ing作宾语的动词口诀:
喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习错过建议保持介意值得考虑(押韵)
喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习
enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事spend...doingsth.花费…做某事bebusydoingsth.忙于做…imaginesb.doingsth.想象…做某事can'thelpdoingsth.忍不住做某事feellikedoingsth.想要做某事finishdoingsth.完成做某事practicedoingsth.练习做某事
错过建议保持介意值得考虑
missdoingsth.错过做某事
suggestdoingsth.建议做某事
keep(on)doingsth.保持(继续)做某事
minddoingsth.介意做某事beworthdoingsth.值得做某事considerdoingsth.考虑做某事
介词+doing
常考介词:
at,in,on
of,off,for,fromup,about,withoutto等等
begoodatdoingsth擅长做某事
beinterestedindoingsth.对做某事感兴趣
insistondoing坚持做某事
beusedfordoingsth.被用来做某事thanksb.fordoingsth.谢谢某人做某事betiredofdoingsth.厌烦做某事
beafraidofdoingsth.害怕做某事
putoffdoing推迟做某事stopsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事giveupdoingsth.放弃做某事
withoutdoingsth.没有做某事thinkaboutdoingsth.考虑做某事What∕Howaboutdoing做某事怎么样?
此to非彼to
lookforwardtodoingsth.(盼望)payattentiontodoingsth.(注意)beusedtodoingsth.(习惯于)preferdoingsthtodoingsth.(更喜欢)devotetodoingsth(致力于)makeacontributiontodoing(做贡献)
特殊词精讲:
todo
doing
remember
forger
(do在后)要做
(do在前)做过
stop
goon
(两个字)两件事
(一个字)一件事
like
hate
一次性
长期
love
try
尽力做
尝试做
start
begin
一样
一样
stopdoing/todo
stoptodo停下来去做另一件事,stopdoing停止正在做的某事。
Eg:
他们停下来吸烟。
Theystoptosmoke.
我必须戒烟了Imuststopsmoking.
forgetdoing/todo
forgettodo忘记要去做某事,forgetdoing忘记做过某事。
Eg:
办公室的灯还在亮着,他忘记关了。
(没有做关灯的动作
Thelightintheofficeisstillon.Heforgottoturnitoff.
他忘记他已经关了灯了。
(已做过关灯的动作)
Heforgotturningthelightoff.
rememberdoing/todo
remembertodo记得去做某事rememberdoing记得做过某事记着放学后去趟邮局。
Remembertogotothepostofficeafterschool.
你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
Don'tyourememberseeingthemanbefore?
goondoing/todo
goontodo做了一件事后,接着做另一件事,goondoing继续做原来做的事。
Eg:
做完数学后,他接着去做物理。
Afterhehadfinishedhismaths,hewentontodohisphysics.
做完这个练习后,接着做其他的练习
Goondoingotherexercisesafteryouhavefinishedthisone.
trydoing/todosth.
trytodosth.努力,尽力做某事
Althoughmathsisdifficult,Iwilltrytostudyit.trydoingsth.试着做某事
Themachinecouldn’twork.Let’stryrepairingit.
小试牛刀
1.NowmoreandmorepeoplearebusyInternet.
aboutthe
A.learnB.tolearnC.learningD.learned
2.-It'stoohot.Wouldyoumindthedoor?
-.Pleasedoit.
A.toopen;OKB.opening;Certainlynot
C.opening;OfcourseD.toopen;Goodidea
3.Nomatterhowharditis,we'llkeepuntilwemakeit.
A.failedB.failingC.triedD.trying
4.-AreyouenjoyinginNingbo?
-Yes,weare.Verymuch.
A.toliveB.livingC.livesD.lived
5.Wecouldn’thelpheardthefunnystory
(laugh)afterwe
A.tolaughB.laughing
C.laughsD.laughed
6.HegaveussomeadviceonhowEnglish.
A.learningB.learned
C.tolearnD.learn
7.It’sapayday,andtheyarewaiting.
A.payB.payingC.paidD.tobepaid
8.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen,butI’mgoingtostudyintheU.S.AthisSeptember.
A.tobeheardB.tobehearing
C.tohearD.tohaveheard
9.IforgotmynamewhenIfinished
composition.
A.tosign,towritingB.tosign,writing
C.signing,writing
the
10.---Youwerebraveenoughtoraisedobjectionsatthemeeting.
---Well,nowIregretthat.
A.todoB.tobedoing
C.tohavedoneD.havingdone
11.Shecan’thelpthehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.
A.tocleanB.cleaning
C.cleanedD.beingcleaned
12.Martinlookssowell.We’veneverseenhimsowellbefore.
A.islookedB.islookingC.tolookD.look
13.Myfatherhasdecidedsmokingisbadforhishealth.
because
A.tostoptosmokeB.tostopsmoking
C.stoppingsmokingD.stoptosmoke
14Itiskindmetocarrythesebooks.
A.ofyouhelpingB.foryoutohelp
C.ofyoutohelpD.foryouhelping
15.—Wouldyoulikebiscuits?
somebreador
—Nothanks.Idon’tfeellikeanythingnow.
A.tohave,eatingB.tohave,toeat
C.having,toeatD.having,eating
16.—Doyourememberme,Tom?
—Ah,yes,IrememberedJUSCOlastyear.
youin
A.seeB.seesC.toseeD.seeing
三、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词做表语
1.表示一定的概念,具有名词的性质时,不定式和动名词可以互换。
e.g.Myhobbyiscollecting/tocollectancientcoins.
2.若表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时,一般用不定式。
e.g.Mywishistofindapart-timejobthissummer.
3.现在分词和过去分词作表语具有形容词特征,也可以作为形容词。
但要注意二者的区别
e.g.Thepartywasveryexciting.
Theywereveryexcitedatthenews.
1.Herwishisanengineer.
A.becomingB.becomeC.tobecomeD.beingcome2.Somepeople’sgreatestpleasureis.
A.fishingB.tofishC.tobefishingD.beingfish
3.Thereportwassothattheywereall.
A.inspiring,excitingB.inspiring,excited
C.inspired,excitedD.inspired,exciting
4.---“Youlookpale.”
---“Ifeelalittle.”
A.tireB.tiredC.tiringD.tiresome
四、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词做定语
1.不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后,表示未发生的动作或将要发生的某一动作。
e.g.ThetraintoarriveisfromLondon.
Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.
2.动名词做定语往往说明所修饰词的某种用途,一般放在被修饰词的前面。
e.g.awashingmachine(动名词做定语,=amachinewhichisusedforwashing)洗衣机
areadingroom(动名词做定语,=aroomwhichisusedforreading)阅览室
3.现在分词作定语表示主动、正在进行的动作。
过去分词作定语则表示被动、或完成的意义。
单个分词或形容词性的分词作定语往往放在被修饰词的前面;分词短语作定语多置于被修饰词后面。
e.g.therisingsun(现在分词做定语,=thesunwhich
isrising)正在升起的太阳thechangingworld(现在分词做定语,=the
worldwhichischanging)变化中的世界
amovingmovie感人的电影excitedvoice激动的声音
(形容词性分词作定语)
fallenleaves落叶abrokencup一个破了的杯子
(过去分词作定语则表示被动、或完成)
1.Shesaidshehadaimportantmeeting.
A.toattendinB.toattendC.attendD.attending
2.Heisalwaysthefirstquestions.
A.toanswerB.answering
C.tobeansweredD.beinganswered
3.TheOlympicGamesintheyear2012willbeagreatsuccess.
A.beingheldB.tobeheld
C.heldD.tohold
4.ThefirsttextbooksforteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.
A.havingwrittenB.tobewritten
C.beingwrittenD.written
5.Atpresent,Englishisthemainsubject
here.
A.tobetaughtB.beingtaught
C.teachingD.tobeteaching
6.---"Whoarethosepeoplewiththebanner?
"
---"AgroupitselftheLeagueforpeace."
A.callingB.callsC.calledD.iscalled
7.Thepenbelongstome.
A.whichitisonthetableB.lyingonthetable
C.isonthetableD.whichonthetable
五、不定式、现在分词、过去分词做补足语
1.在“动词+宾语+不定式”结构中,不定式作宾语补足语,“宾语+不定式”构成了复合宾语。
有些动词要求不定式不带to,有些要求必须带to,还有的带与不带都可以。
●以下动词后常跟带符号to的不定式做宾语补足语:
ask,tell,want,wish,order,persuade,advise,allow,warn,encourage,cause,require等。
e.g.Thedoctoradvisedhimtostayinbedforanotherfewdays.
Wewishhimtoremainandacceptthepost.
我们希望他留下来接受这个职位。
接不定式作宾语补足语的动词口诀:
请求与命令
想要邀请期待鼓励与建议答应告诫允许提醒和帮助
请求与命令
asksb.todosth.请求某人做某事
tellsb.todosth.命令某人做某事
想要邀请期待鼓励与建议
wantsb.todosth.想要某人做某事invitesb.todosth.邀请某人做某事expect
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