初中英语句子成分讲解练习及答案.docx
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初中英语句子成分讲解练习及答案.docx
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初中英语句子成分讲解练习及答案
句子成分及基本句型
一、考点、热点回顾
【句子的成分】
在英文中句子成分包括:
主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。
(一)主语:
主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。
它在句首。
如:
(1)Lucyisabeautifulnurse.(名词作主语)
(2)Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.(代词作主语)
(3)Smokingisharmfultothehealth.(动名词作主语)
(4)ToswiminKunmingLakeisagreatpleasure.(不定式作主语)
(5)Whatweshoulddoisnotyetdecided.(主语从句作主语)
(二)谓语
说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。
谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须是动词。
谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。
它在主语后面。
如:
Hisparentsareteachers.(系动词和表语一起作谓语)
Westudyhard.(行为动词作谓语)
Wedon’tfinishreadingthebook.(助动词和行为动词一起作谓语)
HecanspeakEnglish.(情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语)
(三)宾语
宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。
一般放在谓语之后。
Sheisdoingherhomeworknow.(名词作宾语)
Shesays(that)sheisill.(宾语从句作动词宾语)
Weoftenhelphim.(代词作宾语)
Helikestoplaybasketball.(不定式作宾语)
Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.我们喜欢听音乐。
(动名词短语作宾语)
说明1:
宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物,宾语一般放在及物动词之后。
介词后面的名词或代词或动名词,称为介词宾语。
名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。
另外,动词不定式可作动词宾语;动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。
说明2:
及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语。
宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。
直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象,直接宾语指物,间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人,间接宾语指人。
间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。
不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。
有的动词可以跟。
如:
give,show(给……看),bring,pass,buy等。
如:
(1)Ourteachertellsusastory.
(2)Thesungivesuslight.
间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后,在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。
间接宾语前加“to”的有:
give,show,send,bring,read,pass,lend,leave,hand,tell,return,write,throw,promise(答应),refuse(拒绝)等。
间接宾语加“for”的有:
make,buy,do,get,play,order(命令),sing,pay等
(1)Igivehimabook.改成:
(2)Hepassesmethebook.(他将书递给我。
)改成:
(3)Hewritesmealetter.改成:
(4)Hewillbuymesomebooks.改成:
(5)Sheismakingmeacake.改成:
(四)宾语补足语
在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分,称为宾语补足语。
名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。
宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。
如:
Theymakeherhappy.(形容词)
Iseeherdance.(不定式)
We’llhelpyoutomaketheOlympicsasuccess.(名词)
Pleaselethimin.(副词)
Weheardhersingingasong.(分词短语)
(五)表语
表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词或短语来担任。
它的位置在系动词后面。
如:
Iamateacher.(名词)
Heisalwayshappy.(形容词)
Theyareontheplaygroundnow.(介词短语)
Itgetscold.(形容词)
Be动词(am,is,are,was,were)
系动词表保持(keep,stay,remain)
表改变(get,become,turn)
感官动词(feel,sound(听起来),seem/look(看起来),taste(尝起来),smell(闻起来))
如:
Itsoundsinteresting.(sound为系动词,interesting为表语)
Weshouldallremaincareful.Remain(为系动词,careful为表语)
(六)定语
定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。
形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不等式或相当于形容词的词或短语等。
单个词作定语时,通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。
如:
Theblackbikeismine.(形容词)
What’syourname?
(代词)
Theymakepaperflowers.(名词)
说明1:
当定语修饰不定代词:
nothing,anything,everything,something等时,定语在不定代词后面。
如:
Itellhimsomethinginteresting.(形容词interesting作不定代词something的后置定语)
Hehassomethingtodo.(todo为不定式作后置定语)
说明2:
短语或从句作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后。
如:
TheboysintheroomareinClassFour.(intheroom是介词短语作theboys的后置定语。
)
(七)状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词。
一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。
状语一般放在句末,但有的可以放在句首、句中。
如:
Hediditcarefully.(副词)
Weoftenhelphim.(副词)
HermothergoesouttodosomeshoppingonSunday.(介词短语)
WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher.(从句作时间状语)
Hesitsthere.(副词地点状语)
【简单句的五种基本句型】
A.主语+不及物动词(主谓)
如:
Thesunrises.太阳升起来。
Thecarstopped.小汽车停下来了。
rise和stop都是不及物动词,因此后边不必加宾语。
B.主语+及物动词+宾语(主谓宾)
如:
Ilovemycountry.Hehelpsme.Ilikeactionmovies.Ibuyabook.
C.主语+系动词+表语(主系表)
如:
Herbrotherisadriver.
Wefeelhappy.(feel为系动词,表示感到……)
Itgetsdark.天黑了。
(get为系动词,表示变得)
Tomlooksill.Tom看上去病了。
(look为系动词,表示看上去,看起来)
D.主语+及物动词+双宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)(主谓+直宾+间宾)
如:
HegivesTomapresent.(双宾语)他给汤姆一件礼物。
Mothermakeanewdressforme.(双宾语)妈妈为我做了一件衣服。
E.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(主+谓+宾+宾补)
如:
TheycallherMary.(宾补)他们叫她Mary。
Wemakeourclassroomcleanandtidy.(宾补)我们使我们的教室干净而整齐。
Healwaysmakesuslaugh.(宾补)他总使我们笑。
二、典型例题
写出划线部分的句子成分。
1.Lilyiscleaningthedesknow.
2.Hergardenisthebestinourtown.
3.LiuMingisthirteenyearsold.
4.Ilikethisbookverymuch.
5.ThegirlonthebluebikeisJane’ssister.
6.Shedidn’tcometomypartybecauseshewasill.
7.WangPingdoeshishomeworkcarefully.
8.WewillgototheChildren’sPalaceonceaweek.
9.Theyareintheclassroom.
10.Itsoundsgood.
11.HisnameisPaul.
12.Wealwaysgotoschoolearly.
三、课后练习
(一)挑出下列句中的宾语
① Mybrother doesn't do hishomework.
ABCD
② People all over theworld speak English.
ABCD
③Youmustpay good attention to your pronunciation.
ABCD
④Howmanynew words do you learn ?
ABCD
⑤Someofthe students intheschoolwant togoswimming, how about you?
ABCD
(二)挑出下列句中的表语
① Theoldman is feeling very tired.
ABCD
②Whyis he worried about Jim?
ABCD
③ The leaves have turned yellow.
ABCD
④Soon They all becomeinterested inthesubject.
ABCD
⑤She is thefirst tolearn aboutit.
ABCD
(三)挑出下列句中的定语
① They use Mr.Mrs.withthe family name.
ABCD
② What is your given name?
ABCD
③Onthe third lap are Class1andClass3.
ABCD
④Iam afraid some people forgot tosweep thefloor.
ABCD
⑤ Theman downstairs was trying tosleep.
ABCD
(四)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
①She likes thechildren toreadnewspapersandbooks inthe reading-room.
(四)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
②He asks her totaketheboy outofschool.
ABCD
③She find it difficult todothework.
ABCD
④They call me Lily sometimes.
ABCD
⑤ I saw Mr.Wang getonthebus.
ABCD
(五)挑出下列句中的状语
① There is abigsmile onherface.
ABCD
② Everynight he heard thenoise upstairs.
ABCD
③He began tolearn English whenhewaseleven.
ABCD
④ Theman onthemotorbike istravelling tofast.
ABCD
⑤ Withthemedicineboxunderherarm, Miss Li hurriedoff.
ABCD
(六)划出句中的直接宾语()和间接宾语()
①Pleasetellusastory.
②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.
③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.
④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.
⑤Doesheleaveanymessageforme?
(七)分析下列句子的句子成分
1.Theyareworkingonthefarmnow.
2.Seeingisbelieving.
3.AllofuslikeKobeBryantverymuch.
4.Shebecameadoctorin1998.
5.Thebooklyingontheflooraremine.
6.Suddenlyitbegantorain.
7.Tocatchthetrain,Igotupearlyyesterday.
8.Ialwaysfindherhappy.
9.HewondersIfIstillstudyEnglish.
10.TheletterwhichIreceivedthedaybeforeyesterdaywasafriendofmine.
11.WealwaysworkhardatEnglish.
12.Hesaidhedidn'tcome.
13.Theyloveeachother.
14.Whatdidyoubuy?
15.Shewatchedherdaughterplayingthepiano.
16.Yourjobtodayistohelptheold.
17.Speakingdoesn'tmeandoing.
18.BythetimeIgottothestation,thetrainhadleft.
19.Thechildrenboughttheirparentsacarforthe25thanniversaryoftheirmarriage.
20.Ittakesmeanhourtogetthere.
划分句子成分练习二
1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.
2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou
3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.
4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.
5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.
6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity.
7.---Iloveyoumorethanher,child.
8.Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes.
9.Theypushedthedooropen.
10.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.
11.Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends.
12.Allthestudentsthinkhighlyofhisteaching
13.Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.
14.HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong.
15.Don'tgetnervous,helpyourselftowhatyoulike.
划分句子成分练习题
(2)
(一)指出下例句中主语的中心词
①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.
②Thereisanoldmancominghere.
③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.
④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.
(二)选出句中谓语的中心词
①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.
A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall
②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.
A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer
③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?
A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus
④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.
A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon
⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?
A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfast
⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.
A.TomB.didn'tC.doD.hishomework
⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.
A.wantB.totellC.youD.is
⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.
A.WeB.hadC.sendD.doctor
⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.
A.isB.interestedC.inD.music
⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?
A.giveB.didC.whomD.book
(三)挑出下列句中的宾语
①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.
ABCD
②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.
ABCD
③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.
ABCD
④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?
ABCD
⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?
ABCD
⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.
ABCD
⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.
ABCD
⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.
ABCD
⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.
ABCD
⑩Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas"reallyis.
ABCD
(四)挑出下列句中的表语
①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.
ABCD
②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?
ABCD
③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.
ABCD
④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.
ABCD
⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.
ABCD
(五)挑出下例句中的定语
①TheyuseMr.Mrs.withthefamilyname.
ABCD
②Whatisyourgivenname?
ABCD
③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.
ABCD
④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.
ABCD
⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.
ABCD
⑥Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!
ABCD
(六)挑出下例句中的宾语补足语
①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.
ABCD
②Heaskedhertotake
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