生化单词下.docx
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生化单词下.docx
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生化单词下
Lecture1
Endocrine(内分泌)Paracrine(旁分泌)Autocrine(自分泌)hypothalamus(下丘脑)Pituitary(垂体)thyroid(甲状腺)parathyroid(甲状旁腺)adipose(脂肪质的)adrenal(肾上腺)pancreas(胰腺)ovary(卵巢)testes(testis=testicle的复数,睾丸)capillarynetwork(毛细血管网)afferent(传入的)neuronal(神经元的)vasopressin(加压素;抗利尿激素)oxytocin(催产素)colloid(胶质(的))follicle(滤泡,卵泡)epithelium(上皮细胞)portalvein(门静脉)aorta(主动脉)artery(动脉)splenic(脾脏的)hepatic(肝的)duct(管,导管)interlobularduct(小叶间导管)accessoryduct(副管)papilla(乳头;乳头状小突起)mesenteric(肠系膜的)Islets(小岛)ofLangerhans(郎格罕式岛)glucagon(胰高血糖素)insulin(胰岛素)somatostatin(生长激素抑制素)fibroustissue(纤维组织)fatlayer(脂肪层)capsule(被膜)zonaglomerulosa(球状带)zonafasciculata(束状带)zonareticularis(网状带)adrenalcortex(肾上腺皮质)adrenalmedulla(肾上腺髓质)sensory(感觉的)neuroendocrine(神经内分泌的)corticotropin(促肾上腺皮质激素)thyrotropin(促甲状腺素)catecholamine(儿茶酚胺)epinephrine(肾上腺素)eicosanoid(类花生酸)steroid(类固醇)retinoid(类视黄醇)nitricoxide(NO)arachidonate(花生四烯酸)Pancreatichormones(胰腺激素)parathyroidhormone(甲状旁腺激素)calcitonin(降血钙素)axon(轴突)Thyrotropin-releasinghormone(TRH;促甲状腺素释放激素)Gonadotropin-releasinghormone(GnRH;促性腺激素释放激素)Growthhormone-releasinghormone(GHRH促生长激素释放激素)Corticotropin-releasinghormone(CRH;促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素)Somatostatin=growthhormone-inhibitinghormone(GHIH;生长激素抑制素)appreciable(可察觉的)pyroglutamate(焦谷氨酸)Uterine(子宫的)contractions(收缩)lactation(乳汁的分泌,哺乳)Antidiuretic(抗利尿)Prolactin(催乳激素)Thyrotrophin-stimulatinghormone(TSHorthyrotropin;促甲状腺素)Follicle-stimulatinghormone(FSH;促卵泡激素)Luteinizinghormone(LH;促黄体激素)Humanchorionicgonadotrophin(hCG;人绒毛膜促性腺激素)(heterodimeric异二聚体的)
(prohormones/前激素)preproinsulin(前胰岛素原)spatial(空间的)Tertiary(第三级的)hexamer(六聚体)threefold(三倍的,三重的)symmetry(对称)zinc(锌)Pro-opiomelanocortin/前鸦片黑皮质素(POMC)endorphin(内啡肽)melanocyte-stimulating(促黑激素)hormones(MSH)lipotropin(促脂素)enkephalin(脑啡肽)norepinephrine(去甲肾上腺素)catechol(儿茶酚)neurotransmitters(神经递质)dopamine(多巴胺)ascorbate(抗坏血酸)hydroxylase(羟化酶)tetrahydrobiopterin(四氢生物蝶呤)decarboxylase(脱羧酶)phenylethanolamine(苯乙醇胺)methyltransferase(甲基转移酶)Eicosanoid(类花生酸)prostaglandins(前列腺素)thromboxanes(凝血烷)leukotrienes白细胞三烯arachidonate/花生四烯酸phospholipase(磷脂酶)prostanoid(前列腺素类)cyclooxygenase环氧合酶(COX)prostaglandins(前列腺素)prostacyclins(环前列腺素)prefix(前缀)numerical(数字的)subscript(下标)denote(表示)alkyl(烷基;烃基)substituents(取代基)
contraction(收缩)intestine/小肠uterus/子宫labor分娩inflammation(炎症):
non-steroidalantiinflammatorydrugs(非甾体抗炎药)Indomethacin(消炎痛)Asprin阿司匹林cytomembrane(细胞膜)ether(醚;乙醚)vasoconstrictor(血管收缩剂)potent(有效力的)hypertensive(高血压的)vasodilator(血管舒张剂)plateletaggregation(血小板聚集)
pulmonaryairways(肺气道)trachea(气管)anaphylaxis(过敏反应)detrimental(有害的)
Hydroperoxyeicosa-tetraenoicacid过氧羟基二十四碳四烯酸lipoxygenase(脂氧合酶)steroidhormones(类固醇激素)adrenocorticalhormones(肾上腺皮质激素)Glucocorticoids(糖皮质激素)mineralocorticoids(盐皮质激素)cortisol/皮质醇metabolism(新陈代谢)aldosterone/醛固酮concentrations(浓度)electrolytes(电解质)Androgens/雄激素(testosterone/睾酮)estrogens/雌激素(estradiol/雌二醇)testes(testis=testicle的复数,睾丸)ovary(卵巢),reproductive(生殖的)prednisone强的松prednisolone脱氢皮质醇cholesterol胆固醇mitochondria(线粒体)endoplasmicreticulum(内质网)photolysis(光解)7-dehydrocholesterol(脱氢胆固醇)deposition(沉积)mobilization(动员;流通,转移)Calcitriol(钙三醇)intestinal(肠的)uptake(吸收)Retinoid(类视色素)Retinoicacid视黄酸carotene胡萝卜素retinal视黄醛retinol视黄醇epithelial上皮的triiodothyronine/三碘甲状腺氨酸thyroglobulin(甲状腺球蛋白)iodinate(碘化)iodotyrosine(碘化酪氨酸)condense(浓缩)proteolysis(蛋白水解作用)monoiodotyrosine(单碘化酪氨酸)folliclecolloid滤泡腔follicularcell滤泡细胞exocytosis(胞吐)endocytosis(胞吞)oxidation(氧化)iodination(碘化)conjugation(接合)sympoprter(同向转运,协同载体)freeradical(自由基)guanidinium(胍基)citrulline(瓜氨酸)AdenylylCyclase(腺苷酸环化酶)Guanylyl(鸟苷酸)G-ProteinCoupledReceptors(GPCRs;G蛋白偶联受体)serpentinereceptor(蛇形受体)eukaryotes(真核细胞)heterotrimeric(异源三聚体)intrinsic(本来的,体内的)hydrolyzes水解mammalian(哺乳动物的)transduction(转导转换)β-adrenergicreceptors(肾上腺素能受体)glycogen(糖原)adipose(脂肪质的)hydrolysis(水解)stimulatory(刺激性的)inhibitory(抑制性的)proteinkinaseA(PKA;蛋白激酶A)identical(同样的)cleft(裂缝)Amplification(放大)Cascade(级联)hepatocyte(肝细胞)corticotropin(促肾上腺皮质激素)corticotropin-releasinghormone促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素dopamine(多巴胺)epinephrine(肾上腺素)follicle-stimulatinghormone(促卵泡激素)glucagon(胰高血糖素)histamine(组胺)luteinizinghormone(促黄体激素)melanocyte-stimulatinghormone(促黑激素)odorant(有气味的东西)serotonin(血清素)somatostatin(生长激素抑制素)tastant(促味剂)couple(偶联)phospholipaseC(PLC;磷脂酶C)phosphatidylinositol4,5-bisphosphate(磷脂酰肌醇-4,5-二磷酸)acetylcholine(乙酰胆碱)platelet-derivedgrowthfactor血小板源生张因子adrenergicagonist(兴奋剂)angiogenin(血管生成素)angiotensin(血管紧缩素)vasopressing(抗利尿激素)auxin(植物生长素)gonadotropin-releasinghormone(促性腺激素释放激素)gastrin-releasinghormone(促胃泌激素释放激素)diacylglycerol(二酰基甘油)inositol1,4,5-trisphosphate(1,4,5-三磷酸肌醇)phosphatidylinositol(磷脂酰肌醇)cytosolic(细胞内的)ReceptorTyrosineKinases(受体酪氨酸激酶)architecture(构造)Cytoplasmic(胞质的)juxtamembrane(膜旁)Heterodimer(异源二聚体)isoforms(异构式)diabetes(糖尿病)auto-phosphorylation(自身磷酸化)adapterproteins(中介蛋白)modules(模块)Guanylylcyclases(GC;鸟苷酸环化酶)hemegroup(亚铁血红素)cardiac(心脏(病)的)cytosol(细胞溶质)Steroid(类固醇)retinoicacid(retinoid维甲酸)nucleus(细胞核)Transcription(转录)serum(血清)coactivator(共活化剂)corepressor(辅抑制物)
Lecture2
vertebrates(脊椎动物)hydrophobic疏水的isoprene(异戊二烯)derivative(衍生物)lipoprotein(脂蛋白)precursors(前体)toxicity(毒性)carotene(胡萝卜素)(retinol/视黄醇)retinal(视黄醛),retinoicacid(视黄酸)pigment(色素)antioxidant(抗氧化剂)calcium(钙)clot((血等的)凝块,凝结)Photographic(摄影用的)rhodopsin/视紫红质detects(察觉)differentiation(差别,分化)epithelial(上皮的)liver(肝脏)Deficiency(缺乏)cholecalciferol/胆钙化醇7-dehydrocholesterol(7-脱氢胆固醇)component(成分)ergocalciferol/麦角钙化醇commercial(商业的)irradiation(辐射)ergosterol(麦角固醇)yeast(酵母)dihydroxycholecalciferol(二羟胆钙化醇)dehydro-cholesterol(胆固醇)cholecalciferol(胆钙化醇)calcitriol(骨化三醇)calcium(钙)intestine(小肠)intestinalmucous(小肠粘膜)renaltubular(肾小管)phosphor(磷)deposition(沉积)mobilization(动员;流通,转移)calcification(钙化)rickets(软骨病,佝偻病)osteomalacia(骨软化)collective(集体的共同的)tocopherols(生育酚)isoprenoid(类异戊二烯)tocotrienols(生育三烯酚类)antioxidants(抗氧化剂)radicals(基,原子团)fragility(脆弱,易碎)germ(胚芽)fragile(脆弱的)erythrocytes(红血细胞)phylloquinonone/叶绿醌naphthoquinone/萘醌menaquinone(甲基萘醌类)isoprenoid(类异戊二烯)Artificial(人工的)bloodplasma(血浆)proteinprothrombin(凝血酶原)bloodclotting(凝血作用)proteolytic(蛋白水解的)bloodproteinfibrinogen(血纤维蛋白原)fibrin(血纤维蛋白)hemorrhagic(出血的)urine(尿)inception(开始,初期)B1,thiamine(硫胺素)B2,ribofavin(核黄素)B3,niacin(烟酸)B5,pantothenicacid(泛酸)B6,pyridoxine(吡哆醇)B7,biotin(生物素)B9,folicacid(叶酸)B12,cobalamin(钴胺素)thiazoliumring((噻唑环))Thiaminepyrophosphate/焦磷酸硫胺素(TPP)acetylcholine(乙酰胆碱)γ-aminobutyricacid/γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)Thiaminepyrophosphate/焦磷酸硫胺素(TPP)catabolism(分解代谢)pyruvatedehydrogenasecomplex/丙酮酸脱羧酶复合物(PDC)α-ketodehydrogenase(α-酮脱氢酶)fungi(fungus的复数真菌)beriberi/脚气病muscleatrophy(肌肉萎缩)neurological(神经病学的)supplements(增补)isoalloxazinering/异咯嗪环FMN:
flavinmononucleotide(黄素单核苷酸)FAD:
flavinadeninedinucleotide(黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸)semiquinon(半醌)flavoproteins(黄素蛋白)
α-ketoglutarate(酮戊二酸)succinate(琥珀酸)acyl(酰(基))legumes(豆科植物)almonds(杏仁)stomatitis(口腔炎),angularstomatitis(口角炎),cheilosis(唇干裂)nicotinicacid(烟碱酸)pyridine(吡啶/氮苯)carboxylgroup(羧基)nicotinamide(烟酰胺;烟碱)carboxamide(甲酰胺,酰胺)NAD:
nicotinamideadeninedinucleotide(烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸)NADP:
nicotinamideadeninedinucleotidephosphate(烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸dehydrogenases(脱氢酶)anabolism(合成代谢)cereal(谷物)peanuts(花生)legumes(豆科植物)nausea(恶心,作呕)lesions(损伤)anemia(贫血症)Chronic(长期的)pellagra(糙皮病)pantothenate(泛酸)mercapto-ethylamine(巯基乙胺)acetyl(乙酰基)cholesterol(胆固醇)acetylcholine(乙酰胆碱)avocado(鳄梨)cereals(谷物)legumes(豆科植物)jelly(果子冻)yogurt(酸奶)impair(损伤)irritability(易怒)apathy(冷淡)Pyridine(吡啶)hydroxyl(羟基)methyl(甲基)aminomethyl(氨甲基)hydroxymethyl(羟甲基)
Pyridoxal(吡哆醛)Pyridoxamine(吡哆胺)racemizationreactions(外消旋反应)carboxylase(羧化酶)carbondioxide(二氧化碳)gluconeogenesis(糖异生)Swisschard(唐莴苣)raw(生的)yolk(蛋黄)conjunctivitis(结膜炎)dermatitis(皮炎)folacin叶酸pteroyl-L-glutamate(蝶酰谷氨酸;叶酸)tetrahydrofolate(THF)/四氢叶酸pterin蝶呤folate(叶酸的)derivatives(衍生物)antitumor(抗癌抗菌素)nut(坚果)pea(豌豆)poultry(家禽)Avocado(鳄梨),spinach(菠菜)asparagus(竹笋)sprouts(芽洋白菜)susceptible(敏感的)ultraviolet(紫外的)glossitis(舌炎),diarrhea(腹泻),depression(抑郁),confusion(意识模糊),anemia(贫血),Cyanocobalamin(维生素B12)Hydroxocobalamin(维生素B12a,羟钴胺素)Isomerases(异构酶)concomitant(伴生的)archaea(古生菌)poultry(家禽)Perniciousanemia(恶性贫血);mania(狂躁);psychosis(精神病)L-ascorbicacid=ascorbate(抗坏血酸)collagen(胶原)bats(蝙蝠)guineapigs(豚鼠),capybaras(水豚)Anthropoidea(类人猿亚目)Scurvy(坏血病),spongy(海绵状的)gums(齿龈)mucousmembranes(黏膜)
Lecture3
metabolism(新陈代谢)bioenergetics(生物能学)Cata'bolic(分解代谢的),a'nabolic(合成代谢的)transformations(转变,变化)Sequential(连续的)Intermediates(中间体)
metabolite(代谢产物)nutrients(营养物)Polymerize(聚合)monomeric(单体)Ca'tabolism(分解代谢)'Degradative(使降解)Organic(有机的,器官的)lacticacid(乳酸)deplete(减少,损耗)A'nabolism(合成代谢)potential(电势,电位)gly'colysis(糖酵解)Con'vergent(会聚的)Di'vergent(发散的)pyruvate(丙酮酸)sucrose(蔗糖)starch(淀粉)homolyticcleavage(均裂)radical(自由基),heterolyticcleavage(异裂)carbanion(负碳离子)carbocation(碳阳离子)hydride(氢化物)Nucleophiles(亲核基团)Electrophiles(亲电子基团)carbanion(碳酸根)carbocation(碳正离子)hydride(氢化物)rubber(橡胶)carotenoid(类胡萝卜素)mevalonate(甲羟戊酸)isopentenyl-pyrophosphate(异戊烯焦磷酸)citrate(柠檬酸)oxaloacetate(草酰乙酸)Decomposition(分解)exergonic放能的endergonic吸能的committedstep(关键步骤)compartmentalize(把…分门别类)eukaryotic(真核的)Allosteric(别构的)adenylylation(腺苷酰化)Mitochondria(线粒体)Cytosol(细胞溶质)glycolysis(糖酵解)pentose(戊醣)Nucleus(细胞核)replication(复制),transcription(转录)process(加工;处理)Nucleolus(核仁)vacuole(液泡)bioenergetics(生物能学)Thermodynamics(热动力学)quantitative(定量的)transductions(转换)underly(在…下)conservation(守恒)entropy(熵)spontaneously(自发的)equilibrium(平衡)net(净的,纯的)
Enthalpy(焓)reactants(反应物)exo'thermic(发热的;放热的)endo'thermic(吸热的)initially(最初的)gases(气体)physiological(生理的)Glyceraldehyde(甘油醛)dihydroxyacetone(二羟基丙酮)Additive(增加的)exer'gonic(放能的)ender'gonic(吸能的)Hexokinase(己糖激酶)Multiplicative(倍增的)Phosphoenolpyruvate(PEP)磷酸烯醇丙酮酸
1,3-bisphosphoglycerate(1,3-二磷酸甘油酸)Phosphocreatine(磷酸肌酸)Thioesters(硫酯键)
Adenosine(腺苷)phosphoanhydridebonds(磷酸酐键)Ester(酯)ribose(核糖)adeni
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