名词性从句讲练.docx
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名词性从句讲练.docx
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名词性从句讲练
名词性从句讲练
名词性从句
名词性从句包括:
主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句
名词性从句和名词一样,在句中可担任主语,表语、宾语、同位语
引导名词性从句的连接词有连接代词who,whose,whom,what,which
连接副词when,where,why,how
连接词that,whether,if,asif
连接代词和连接副词在句中充当句子成分,连接词在句中不充当句子成分
I.主语从句
在句子中担当主语的是一个从句,这个从句就叫做主语从句。
主语从句可以位于句首,但常见的主语从句多放在句末,句首则用形式主语it。
例如:
1.Whowillgoisnotimportant.
2.Whatweneedismoretime.
3.Thathesuddenlyfellilllastweekmadeussurprised.
4.Thattheearthisroundistrue.=Itistruethattheearthisround.
5.Whetherhewillcomehasn’tbeendecided.
=Ithasn’tbeendecidedwhetherhewillcome.
【注意】连词that,whether在从句中不担任句子成分,只起连接作用,不能省略。
并且whether引导主语从句时不能用if代替。
6.Wholetoutthenewsremainedunknown.=Itremainedunknownwholetoutthenews.
7.Howthishappenedisstillaquestion.
8.Itisnotclearwhenwewillstart.
9.Whyhedidn’tcomehereisnotcleartoanyone.
=Itisnotcleartoanyonewhyhedidn’tcomehere.
10.Who/whichisrightisn’tknowntous.
【注意】who,which,how,when,where,why在所引导的主语从句中可担任主语,宾语,状语,不能省略。
可以用形式主语it引导。
另外,有的“It...+主语从句”已成为固定结构。
如:
a.Itis+名词+从句
Itisapitythatwecan’tgo.
b.Itis+形容词+从句
ItisclearthatTomhasreturned.
c.Itis+过去分词+从句
Itissaid/reported/believed/known...
(翻译)据报道一家网吧昨夜着火了。
ItwasreportedthattheNetBarcaughtfirelastnight.
II.表语从句
在复合句中用作表语的从句是表语从句。
它一般位于主句系动词之后。
That’swhatweshoulddo.
ThereasonformyabsencewasthatIwasill.
(翻译)那就是他为什么今早没赶上火车。
That’swhyhedidn’tcatchthetrainthismorning.
(翻译)那是因为他今早起晚了。
That’sbecausehegotuplatethismorning.
1.be,seem,look,sound,appear等动词后均可跟表语从句:
Mysuggestionisthatweshouldgoshopping.
Itseemsthatitisgoingtorain.
2.as,asif/though也可引导表语从句
Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.
Helookedjustashehadlookedtenyearsbefore.
Itsoundsasifsomeoneisknockingatthedoor.
【注意】在表语从句中,当reason做主语时,引导词只能用that,不能用because。
如:
Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathedidn’tcatchtheearlybus.
III.宾语从句
在句子中担当宾语的是一个从句,这个从句就叫做宾语从句。
1.作动词宾语
Idon’tknowwhatIwasthinkingof.
IwonderifImightgiveyouanecklace.
Iexpect(that)IshallbebackonSunday.
【注意】在口语中,that引导宾语从句时常常省略。
但两个that从句并列时后边的that一般不省略。
若有补语,则宾语从句要放到补语之后,在宾补前用形式宾语it。
Hedoesn’twantittobeknownthatheisgoingaway.
Iconsideritnecessarythatheshoulddoitagain.
【否定前移】当主句是I/wethink,suppose,expect,believe,guess,imagine时,其后的宾语从句如果是否定的,常常把否定词not从从句中移到主句中。
Idon’tbelievetheywillwinthegame.
Idon’tthinkyouwillhelpmewiththechemistryexperiment,willyou?
Wedon’texpectheiscoming.
【注】此种用法主句的主语必须是第一人称I或we。
而且它的反意疑问句的助动词由从句的助动词来定。
Idon’tthinkhecandoit,canhe?
Idon’tthinkyouareright,areyou?
在suggestinsist,order,demand,request,require,command,propose,desire等表示建议、命令、要求、欲望动词后面的宾语从句中,用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形,should常被省略。
如
Iinsistedthathe(should)doitatonce.
Shesuggestedthatthework(should)befinishedatonce.
2.作介词宾语
TheteacherissatisfiedwithwhatIsaid.
Yoursuccesswilllargelydependuponwhatyoudoandhowyoudoit.
Hewasdeeplydispleasedbywhathadoccurredthatday.
3.作afraid,glad,certain,sure等形容词的宾语
I’mafraidthatIwillbelate.
I'mafraid(that)youdon'tunderstandwhatIsaid.
I'msurprised(that)Ididn'tseeallthatbefore.
【注意】wonder(想知道),doubt(怀疑)的肯定句接if,whether引导的宾语从句,但否定句和疑问句接that引导的宾语从句。
Idoubtwhetherifhewillsucceed.
Idonotdoubtthathecanrecitethepoem.
Doyoudoubtthathewillwin?
4.用it作形式宾语的情况
1).和it作形式主语一样,我们常用it来做形式宾语,把真正的宾语从句放在句末,这种情况尤其出现在带复合宾语的句子中。
WethoughtitstrangethatXiaoWangdidnotcomeyesterday.
Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgiven.
2).由于that引导的宾语从句一般不可以直接作介词的宾语,因此当介词后面需要用that从句作宾语时,必须使用it作形式宾语。
YoumaydependonitthatIshallalwayssupportyou.
I'llseetoitthatyourproblemwillbedealtwithimmediately.
3).在take,hide,seeto,insiston,dependon等动词以及一些表示爱好的动词(enjoy,hate,like,love,don'tmind,resent等)之后,形式宾语it可直接跟宾语从句。
Itakeitthathe'snotinterestedinthebook.
Shehiditthatshewasmarried.
Idon'tlikeitwhenyoulookatmelikethat!
4).it不能作由连接代词whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever引导的宾语从句的形式宾语。
Youmaydowhateveryouwill.
I'lltakewhicheverbookinterestsme.
Wearereadytoofferhelptowhoeverneedsit.
5.宾语从句的语序
和其他词性从句一样,宾语从句必须使用陈述语序,不能用疑问语序。
HowcanIgettothestationCanyoutellme?
→CanyoutellmehowIcangettothestation
WhatdoeshelikeIwonder
→Iwonderwhathelikes.
WherewereyoubornHeasked→HeaskedmewhereIwasborn.
比较:
Heaskedmewhatwasthematter.(thematter=wrong)
Heaskedmewhatthematter(物质)was.
6.宾语从句中的时态
1.在一般情况下,宾语从句中时态要和主句相一致,尤其是主句为过去时态时。
HesaidthathehadlivedinBeijingsinceliberation.他说自解放以来他一直住在北京。
HemadeitquiteclearthathepreferredtolearnEnglish.他明确地说他更喜欢学英语。
2.有时,宾语从句中时态也可以和主句不一致。
Youcan'timaginehowtheywereexcitedwhentheywonthefirstplaceinthegame.你无法想象他们获得比赛第一名时是多么的兴奋。
Canyoumakesurewhereyouhaveputhegoldring你能确定你把金戒指放哪儿了吗?
3.客观真理和自然规律的内容在宾语从句中时态保持不变。
Mikeaskedwhethertheearthmovesaroundthesun.迈克问地球是否绕着太阳转。
Columbusprovedthattheearthisround.哥伦布证明了地球是圆的。
Whether与if在名词从句中的用法
Whether可以用于所有的名词从句中,if只用于宾语从句中,两者都不能省略。
(1)在引导宾语从句(动词宾语从句)时,whether和if可以互换,但如果出现ornot则只能用whether
Idon’tknowwhether/ifIcancome.
=Idon’tknowwhetherIcancomeornot.
(2)介词的宾语从句只能用whether引导
Weworriedaboutwhetherhewasingoodhealthornot.
(3)宾语前置时通常用whether引导
Whetherhewillcome,I’mnotsure.
(4)引导主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句时都用whether
Thequestioniswhetheryoucandoityourself.(表语从句)
Whethertheywillwinisallthesametome.(主语从句)
Thequestionwhetherheshouldcomehimselforsendanotheronehasn’tbeendecided.(同位语从句)
(5)和动词不定式连接时,只能用whether
Ihaven’tdecidedwhethertogothereornot.
IV.同位语从句
如果担任同位语的是一个句子,则这个句子是同位语从句。
一般位于名词如fact,hope,idea,news,doubt,suggestion,information,opinion,decision,discovery,truth,promise,statement,problem,rule之后,说明其具体内容。
e.g.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomeback.
Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurpriseduseverybody.
Theywereallverymuchworriedoverthefactthatyouweresick.
WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome
Wehaven'tyetsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtspendoursummervacation.
I.【填词1】
1.Expertsbelieve_____peoplecanwastelessfoodbyshoppingonlywhenitisnecessary.
2.IwanttotellyouisthedeeploveandrespectIhaveformyparents.
3.Itremainstobeseenthenewlyformedcommittee’spolicycanbeputintopractice.
4.Policehavefoundappearstobethelostancientstatue.
5.______makes
thebooksoextraordinary(出色的)isthecreative(创造的)imaginationofthewriter.
6.It’sgoodtoknow______thedogswillbewellcaredforwhilewe’reaway.
7.______yousaidatthemeetingdescribesabrightfutureforthecompany.
8.Theonlywaytosucceedatthehighestlevelis
tohavetotalbelief______youarebetterthananyoneelseonthesportsfield.
9.Fromspace,theearthlooksblue.Thisis______aboutseventy-onepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.
10.______struckmemostinthemoviewasthefather’sdeeploveforhisson.
【填词2】
1.Itisbynomeansclearthepresidentcandotoendthestrike.
2.Jerrydidnotregretgivingthecommentbutfelt______hecouldhaveexpresseditdifferently.
3.Asmanyasfivecoursesareprovided,andyouarefreetochoose_____suitsyoubest.
4.Itdoesn’tmatter_____youpaybycashorcreditcardinthisstore.
5.Everyoneinthevillageisveryfriendly.Itdoesn’tmatter___youhavelivedthereforashortoralongtime.
6.Itdoesn’tmatter____youturnrightorleftatthecrossing—bothroadsleadtothepark.
7.Itsuddenlyoccurredtohim___hehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.
8.Thenewcomerwenttothelibrarytheotherdayandsearchedfor_____hecouldfindaboutMarkTwain.
9.Scientistsstudy____humanbrainsworktomakecomputers.
10.Imadeapromisetomyself____thisyear,myfirstyearinhighschool,wouldbedifferent.
11.Thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoon_____themeetingwouldbepostponed.
12.Fromspace,theearthlooksblue.Thisis______aboutseventy-onepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.
13.______struckmemostinthemoviewasthefather’sdeeploveforhisson.
II.汉译英
1.我不知道他是否通过了英语考试。
(passtheexam)
______________________________________________________________________________
2.你所告诉我的是非常重要的。
(important)
______________________________________________________________________________
3.我把你所告诉我的记住了。
(keepsthinmind)
______________________________________________________________________________
4.我认为明天不会下雨。
(tomorrow)
______________________________________________________________________________
5.我怀疑这本小说是否值得一看。
(doubt;novel;beworth)
______________________________________________________________________________
6.我不能肯定你是否对。
(besure)
______________________________________________________________________________
7.我认为会议不应该延期。
(putoff)
______________________________________________________________________________
8.众所周知中国足球队赢了这场比赛。
(Itiswellknownthat)
______________________________________________________________________________
9.她问我我是否将去参加她的生日晚会。
(attendthe…party)
______________________________________________________________________________
10.她告诉了我一个好消息她已经通过了驾照考试。
(apieceofnews;passthedrivingtest)
______________________________________________________________________________
【答案1】1.that2.What3.whether4.what5.What6.that7.What8.that9.because10.What
【答案2】1.what2.that3.whichever4.whether5.whether6.whether7.that8.whatever
9.how10.that11.that12.because13.What
【汉译英】
1.Idon’tknowwhether/ifhehaspassedtheEnglishexam.
2.Whatyouhavetoldmei
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