职称英语补全短文.docx
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职称英语补全短文.docx
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职称英语补全短文
四、补全短文
(一)Mobilephones(移动电话)
Mobilephonesshouldcarryalabeliftheyproved'tobeadangeroussourceofradiation,accordingtoRobertBell,ascientist.Andnomoremobilephonetransmittertowersshouldbebuiltuntilthelong-termhealtheffectsoftheelectromagneticradiationtheyemitarescientificallyevaluated,hesaid."Nobody'sgoingtodropdeadovernightbutweshouldbeaskingformorescientificinformation,"RobertBellsaidataconferenceonthehealtheffectsoflow-levelradiation
(1)
Areportwidelycirculatedamongthepublicsaysthatuptonowscientistsdonotreallyknowenoughtoguaranteetherearenoill-effectsonhumansfromelectromagneticradiation.AccordingtoRobertBell,thereare3.3millionmobilephonesinAustraliaaloneandtheyareincreasingby2,000aday
(2)
ASwell,thereare2,000transmittertowersaroundAustralia,manyinhighdensityresidentialareas.(3)Theelectromagneticradiationemittedfromthesetowersmayhavealreadyproducedsomeharmfuleffectsonthehealthoftheresidentsnearby.
RobertBellsuggeststhatuntilmoreresearchiscompletedtheGovernmentshouldbanconstructionofphonetowersfromwithina500metreradiusofschoolgrounds,childcarecentres,hospitals,sportsplayingfieldsandresidentialareaswithahighpercentageofchildren(4)Headdsthatthereisalsoevidencethatifcancersufferersaresubjectedtoelectromagneticwavesthegrowthrateofthediseaseaccelerates.
(5)AccordingtoRobertBell,itisreasonableforthemajortelephonecompaniestofundit.Besides,healsourgestheGovernmenttosetupawide-ranginginquiryintopossiblehealtheffects.
AHesaysthereisemergingevidencethatchildrenabsorblow-levelradiationataratemorethanthreetimesthatofadults.
BBytheyear20004itisestimatedthatAustraliawillhave8millionmobilephones:
nearlyoneforeverytwopeople:
C"Ifmobilephones'arefoundtobedangerous,theyshouldcarryawarninglabel'untilpropershieldscanbedevised,"hesaid.
DThenwhofinancestheresearch?
EForexample,Telstra,OptusandVodaphonebuildtheirtowerswhereitisgeographicallysuit-abletothemanddisregardtheneedofthecommunity.
FTheconclusionisthatmobilephonesbringsmoreharmthanbenefit
(C、B、E、A、D)
(二)Theworld’slongestbridge(世界上最长的桥)
Rumorhasitthat'alegendarysix-headedmonsterlurksinthedeepwatersoftheTyrrhenianSeabetweenItalyandtheislandofSicily.
(1)Whencompletedin2010,theworld'slongestbridgewillweighnearly300,000tons-equivalenttotheicebergthatsanktheTitanic–andstretch5kilometerslong."That'snearly50percentlongerthananyotherbridgeeverbuilt,''saysstructuralengineerShaneRixon.
(2)They'resuspensionbridges,massivestructuresbuilttospanvastwaterchannelsor.Asuspensionbridgeneedsjusttwotowerstoshoulderthestructure'smammothweight,thankstoheftysupportingcablesslungbetweenthetowersandanchoredfirmlyindeeppoolsofcementateachendofthebridge.TheMessinaStraitBridgewillhavetwo54,100-tontowers,whichwillsupportmostofthebridge'sload.Thebeefycablesofthebridge,each1.2meterindiameter,willholdupthelongestandwidestbridgedeckeverbuilt.
WhenconstructionbeginsontheMessinaStraitBridgein2005,thefirstjobwillbetoerect370meter-tallsteeltowers(3)Gettingthesecablesupwillbesomething'.It'snotjusttheir,length-totally5.3kilometersbuttheirweight(4)
Afterloweringvertical"suspender"cablesfromthemaincables,builderswillerecta60-me-wide54,630-tonsteelroadway,ordeck-wideenoughtoaccommodate12lanesoftraffic.deck'sweightwillpulldownonthecableswithaforceof70,500tons.Inreturn,thecablesyankupagainsttheirfirmlyrootedanchorswithaforceof139,000tons-equivalenttotheweightofabout100,000cars.Thoseanchorsareessential(5)
ASomeenvironmentalistsareagainsttheprojectonbiologicalgrounds.
BWhatdotheworld'slongestbridgeshaveincommon?
CIftrue,onedayyoumightspythebeastwhilezippingacrosstheMessinaStraitBridge.
DThey'rewhatwillkeepthebridgefromgoinganywhere.
EThesecondjobwillbetopulltwosetsofsteelcablesacrossthestrait,eachsetbeingabundleof44,352individualsteelwires.
FTheywilltipupthescalesat166,500tons-morethanhalfthebridge'stotalmass.
(C、B、E、F、D)
(三)Reinventingthetable(重新发明元素周期表)
Anearthscientisthasrejiggedtheperiodictable'tomakechemistrysimplertoteachtostudents.
(1)ButBruceRailsbackfromtheUniversityofGeorgiasaysheisthefirsttocreateatablethatbreakswithtraditionandshowstheionsofeachelementratherthanjusttheelementsthemselves.
"Igottiredofbreakingmyarmstryingtoexplaintheperiodictabletoearthstudents,"hesays,criss-crossinghishandsintheairandpointingtodifferentbitsofatraditionaltable.
(2)Buthehasadded'contourlinestochargedensity,helpingtoexplainwhichionsreactwithwhich.
"Geochemistsjustwantanintuitivesenseofwhat'sgoingonwiththeelements,"saysAlbertfromtheUniversityofCambridge.(3)
(4)Heexplainsthatsulphur,forexample,showsupinthreedifferentspots-oneforsulphide,whichisfoundinminerals,oneforsulphite,andoneforsulphate,whichisfoundinseasalt,forinstance.
Hehasalsoincludedsymbolstoshowwhichionsarenutrients,andwhicharecommoninsoilorwater.(5)
ATherehavebeenmanyattemptstoredesigntheperiodictablesinceDmitriMendeleevdrewitupin1871.
BRailsbackhasstillorderedtheelementsaccordingtothenumberofprotonstheyhave.
C"Iimaginethiswouldbegoodforundergraduates.
D"Railsbackhaslistedsomeelementsmorethanonce.
EAndthesizeofelement'ssymbolreflectshowmuchofitisfoundintheEarth'scrust.
FThetraditionalperiodictablewaswelldrawn.
(A、B、C、D、E)
(四)Don’trelyonplanktontosavetheplanet(不要靠浮游生物拯救这个地球)
Encouragingplanktongrowthintheoceanhasbeentoutedbysomeasapromisingwaytoremovecarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere
(1)
Addingirontopatchesofoceancanmakeplanktonbloomtemporarily.Themicroscopicorganismssuckupdissolvedcarbondioxidefromthewater,whichinturnisreplacedbycarbondioxidefromtheair.
(2)
JorgeSarmientofromPrincetonandhiscolleaguesdevelopedacomplexcomputermodeltoanalysehowfactorssuchasoceanchemistryandwatercirculationwouldaffecttheprocessif160,000squarekilometresofoceanwereseededwithironforamonth.(3)
Intheirscenario,whichcoversanarea10timesasbigasthelargestexperimentofthiskindeverproposed,fertilisingtheoceanremoves1milliontonnesofcarbonfromtheatmosphere—just0.2percentofthecarbondioxidehumankindspewsouteachmonth.
Roughestimatesinthepasthavepredictedsimilarlydisappointingresults.(4)saysSallieChisholm,anenvironmentalengineerfromtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology."Butthetake-homemessageisthesame(5)
AItsopponentsargue,however,thatitwillstopglobalwarming.
BItsopponentsfearthatitwilldamagethemarineecosystem,andnowacomputermodelshowsthatthetrickwouldalsoberemarkablyinefficient.
CAsplanktondieandsettleontheoceanfloor,theircarbonissupposedlylockedupinthesea
bed.
DTheyfoundthat100yearslateronlybetween2and-11percent,oftheextracarbonthatwasoriginallytakenupbyplanktonhadactuallybeenremovedfromtheatmosphere.
E"Thesearenewerandbettermodels
FOceanfertilisationisnottheanswertoglobalwarming.
(B、C、D、E、F)
(五)Themagicofsound(奇妙的声音)
Musicisoneofthemostbeautifulformsofartisticexpressionseverinvented.Inmoviesandplays,musichasanaddedfunction:
itnotonlymovespeoplebutalsocanshockpeople.Isittruethatanordinarymusicalinstrumentcanbesopowerful?
Oureardrumscanwithstandsoundwithin20to80decibels.Oncesoundexceedsthislimit,evenbeautifulmusicwillbecomeear-splittingnoise3andharmhealth.Astrongblastofhighsoundcantwistandbreakasolidironsheet.
(1)
Thenoisefromaplane'sengineisover140decibels.However,thesoundofafluteisatmostafewdecibels.
(2)Ithasbeenproventhatpeoplewhohaveworkedinanenvironmentwithahighsoundintensityforalongtimesuffervaryingdegreesofheartdiseaseoralteredbrainwaves.
Inmovies,sometimestheherocanproduceasoundthatordinarypeoplecan'thearandonlythosewhohavethesameabilitycanfeel.Innature,thereisactuallysoundthatisbeyondourhearing.Inphysics,thesoundthatexceeds20,000Hziscalledultrasonic.(3)Itdoesnoharmtohealth.
Soundlessthan20Hziscalledinfrasonicwaves.Whenwemove,theairwillvibrate.(4)Asthefrequencyofinfrasonicwavesisclosetothatofpeople'sinternalorgans,infrasonicwavemaycauseresonanceinhumanbodies.Asaresult,people'svisionmayweakenandinternalorgansmayrupture.However,whetheraninfrasonicwavecanbeusedasaweapondependsonitsintensity.Ifitsintensityisverylow,itwon'tdamageinternalorgansoraperson'shealth.(5)Whenwindblowsataforceof3or4overthesea,itwillproduceinfrasonicwavesdecibels.Onlytyphoonscanproduceinfrasonicwavesofover100decibels.Atpresent,scientistscanonlyproduceinfrasonicweaponsinthelabwiththehelpofadvancedscientifictoolsandpowerfulelectricpower
AHighsoundof150decibelscankillahealthyrat.
BThevibrationofaircanproduceinfrasonicwaves.
CWecannotplayhigh-pitchedmusicwithordinarymusicalinstruments.
DIftheintensityofinfrasonicwaveexceeds160decibels,itisextremelyharmful.
EDolphins,whalesandbatscanmakesuch
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