河南省焦作市学年高二英语下学期第一次月考试题含答案.docx
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河南省焦作市学年高二英语下学期第一次月考试题含答案.docx
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河南省焦作市学年高二英语下学期第一次月考试题含答案
河南省焦作市2016-2017学年高二下学期第一次月考
英语试卷
第二部分:
阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
A
ContestantsfromaroundtheworldmetinPomona,California,thismonthtotesttheirskillsatthingslikedrivingacar,walkingdownstairs,andopeningdoors.Soundseasy,right?
Butthecompetitorsweren'tpeople—theywererobots!
ThebotswereparticipatinginthefinalroundoftheUS'sDARPA(DefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency)RoboticsChallenge.Thisevent,whichtookplaceonJune5-6,testedrobotsonhowwelltheycouldrespondduringadisasterandthewinningteamfinallytookhomea$2milliongrandprize.
TheDARPAchallengewascreatedafterthe2011FukushimanucleardisasterinJapan.Anearthquakecausedatsunami,whichdamagedanuclearpowerplant.Workersattheplantneededtoshutoffanimportantvalve(阀门),butitwastoodangerousforhumanstoreachit.TheUSscientistsatDARPAwonderedwhetherthedisastercouldhavebeenavoidedifarobothadbeensenttodothejob.Sotheysetuptheroboticscompetition.
Turningavalvewasjustonetaskarobotmighthavetoperformwhenenteringadisasterzone.Inadditiontodoingthis,robotsparticipatinginthechallengehadtonavigateacoursecontainingseveralothertasks:
drivingandexitingavehicle,openingadoor,walkingoverorclearingobjects,cuttingaholeinawall,plusclimbingaflightofstairs.
Teamshadtocompletethechallengeinonehour,andpointswereawardedbasedonhowquicklytherobotscompletedatask.Theydidn'thavetoattemptallthetasks.Tomakethingsevenmorerealistic,challengeorganizerscausedshortcomputer-systemblackouts(断电)thatpreventedrobotsandthehumanoperatorscontrollingthemfromcommunicating.Thatmeansteamshadtoprogramtheirbotstobepartiallyautonomous(独立的).Robotsalsocouldn'tbeattachedtoanythingthatcouldkeepthemfromfallingdown,whichhappenedalot.
21.Whatdoweknowaboutthisyear'sDARPAchallenge?
A.Itlastedfivedays.
B.ItwasheldinJapan.
C.Itswinnergotacashprize.
D.ItswinnerwillworkinFukushima.
22.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thejob”inParagraph3referto?
A.Toopenadoor.
B.Tocloseavalve.
C.Topredictatsunami.
D.Torebuildanuclearpowerplant.
23.TherobotsthatparticipatedintheUS'sDARPAchallengewererequiredto_____.
A.challengeallthetasks
B.haveagoodsenseofsmell
C.completetheirtasksinanhour
D.actinthedarkinthewholeprocess
B
Ourtinyboatwasploughingthrough(费力穿过)thewavesacrosstheIndianOceanandIwasabsolutelyfreezing.Thefurtherwegotfromtheshelteroftheland,themoreIthoughthowfoolishI'dbeentocomealongonthistrip.
Thepilotoftheboatlookedalmost60but,perhapsbecauseofalifetimeontheopenseainthehotsun,wasveryfitandstrong.Iwaswonderinghowhemanagedtofindhisway.Tome,itseemeddifficultenoughtonavigate(驾驶)aboatwithoutanyelectronicequipmentevenonasunnyday.
Soatleastweweresafe.Butthiswasnotwhatwehadcomealongfor.Alookattheotherdivers'facessuggestedthatnowtheywerealsodoubtfulthatwe'devergetthechancetoseeawhaleshark—theseweatherconditionsweretotallyunsuitablefordiving!
Noneofusspoke.Itseemedtoomuchofaneffort.Thensuddenlytheboatmanstoppedtheengine.Hesaidafewwordsinhisownlanguagetothedivinginstructor,whoimmediatelyjumpedupfromhisseatandtoldustogetreadytodive.
WhenIjumpedintothegreysea,IwassureIwouldn'tseeanything.Butthen...thereitwas!
Anenormouswhaleshark,slowlyswimmingthroughthewater.Icouldn'tbelievemyeyes—myfirstwhaleshark!
Ihardlydaredbreathe—Iwasafraidmystreamsofbubbles(气泡) mightscarethehugecreatureaway.Andtheotherdiverswereequallyawed.Slowlyweapproachedthishugeanimal.Itwasswimmingquiteslowlyandwewereabletoswimwithit,lookingatthebeautifulmarkingsonitsback.Iwasstillholdingmybreath,tellingmyselfthatthishugefishwasharmless!
ThenIreachedoutandtouchedit,stroking (轻抚)itsthickskin.Itwasamazinghowthisgiantsuddenlygainedspeed—wewatcheditasitswamawayfromus,andafewmomentslateritwasgone.
24.WhileridingatinyboatacrosstheIndianOcean,theauthor_____.
A.volunteeredtoactasapilot
B.feltregretabouthisdecision
C.enjoyedthebeautifulsunshine
D.talkedwithotherpeoplehappily
25.Theauthorprobablywantedtoknowhowtheboatman_____.
A.keptfitinhissparetime
B.spenthislifeontheboat
C.navigatedhisboatatsea
D.communicatedwithothers
26.Whatwasthepurposeoftheauthor'strip?
A.Toseeawhaleshark.
B.Tolearnhowtodive.
C.ToswimtheIndianOcean.
D.Tosaveunderwatercreatures.
27.Howdidtheauthorfeelafterhejumpedintothesea?
A.Ratheranxiousandangry.
B.Alittlescaredbutexcited.
C.Doubtfulanddisappointed.
D.Abittiredbutlaterrelaxed.
C
Historytellsusthatfootwearwasoneofthefirstthingsancientpeoplelearnedtomake.Footwearhelpedthemacrossrockypathsorhotsandswithoutinjuringthemselves.Theearliestfootwearweknowofwassimplyapieceofplaited(编织的)grassorleathertiedtothefeet.
TheancientEgyptiansseemtohaveinventedthefirstfootwearwithafirmsole(鞋底) —sandals.Egyptianroyaltyusuallyworesandalsthathadadifferentstylefromthosewithlesserstatus,whileslaveswerenotallowedtowearanythingontheirfeet.Thesandalisstillthebasicformoffootwearinmanycountries,particularlythosewithahotclimate,whereasincoldclimates,anentirelydifferenttypeofshoeappeared—themoccasin—aslipper-shapedshoemadeofsoftbutstrongleather.
TheGreekswerethefirsttodevelopshoeswithheels.Then,intheMiddleAges,shoeswithlongpointsatthetoebecameverychicforthenobility.Theseshoeswereoftenverydifficulttowear.Othertrendsfollowed,withsquare-toedshoes,wideshoes,andevenshoesthatcouldmakeawomanstandtwofeettaller.Notsurprisingly,thesesometimesledtoaccidents.Eventoday,fashionratherthancomfortoftenleadstothekindof shoes womenwear.
Mechanicalshoemakingappearedinthe1800sinNorthAmerica.Untilthen,shoeshadbeenmadewiththesamekindsofhandtoolsusedbytheancientEgyptians.Andin1858,amachinewasinventedthatcouldstitch(缝合)thesoleofashoetotheupperpart.Nowitwaspossibletomakeshoesthatwereshapedtofiteithertheleftorrightfoot.Towardtheendofthe1800scameanewtypeofshoethatwasspecificallydesignedforsports—thesneaker—anditsoonbecomeanall-timefavorite.
28.Whatdidshoesoftenshowinancienttimes?
A.Therichresources.
B.People'sdifferentbeliefs.
C.People'sstatusinsociety.
D.Thechangeableclimates.
29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“chic”inParagraph3probablymean?
A.Valuable.
B.Convenient.
C.Fashionable.
D.Comfortable.
30.Beforemechanicalshoemakingappeared,_____.
A.shoeswereoftenverydifficultforpeopletowear
B.alltheshoepatternsmadebytheGreekswerethesame
C.theonlyfunctionoffootwearwastoprotectpeople'sfeet
D.peopleworethesame-shapedshoesontheirtwofeet
31.Howdoesthetextmainlydevelop?
A.Byprovidingexamples.
B.Bymakingcomparisons.
C.Byfollowingtheorderoftime.
D.Byfollowingtheorderofimportance.
D
Scientistshavelongknownthatturtles,likemanyanimals,findtheirwayanddirectionatseabysensingtheinvisible(无形的)linesofEarth’smagneticfield(磁场),similartohowsailorsuselatitude(纬度)andlongitude(经度).Buttheydidn’tknowhowturtleswereabletoreturntotheveryspotwheretheywereborn.
Nowastudyhastheanswer:
TurtlesalsorelyonEarth’smagneticfieldtofindtheirwayhome.That’sbecauseeachpartofthecoastlinehasitsownmagneticsignature,whichtheanimalsrememberandlateruseasaninternalcompass(指南针).It’snotaneasyway,though—themagneticfieldturnsslowly,andturtleshavetochangetheirnestingsitesinresponse.“It’sprettyamazinghowthesecreaturescanfindtheirwaythroughthisvastexpanseofnothing,”saidstudyco-authorJ.RogerBrothers.
Turtleshaveagreatrangethatsurroundsallbutthecoldestwatersoftheworld’soceans.Thoughtheytravelhundredsofmilesouttosea,turtlesseemtoprefercoastalareas.
Everyyear,thousandsofvolunteerswalkalongFlorida’ssandybeachestocountturtle’snestingsites,whichprovidesscientistswitharichpopulationdataset.Atthesametime,researchershavebeenstudyingslightchangesinEarth’smagneticfieldalongFlorida’scoaststomeasurehowthefield’sstrengthandothercharacterschangeovertime.Brothersandhiscolleaguescombinedthecitizen-sciencedataonturtlenestsandofficialdataaboutthemagneticfieldtofindhoweverythingchangedovertime.
NathanPutman,abiologistwiththeNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration’sSoutheastFisheriesScienceCenter,added,“It’sreallycreativework,thetypethatmakesyouthink,‘Whydidn’tIthinkofthat?
’”
Theresultscouldalsoinfluenceconservation(保护)waysfortheseendangeredanimals,saidBrothers.Thepopulationoftheanimalshasfallenduetopollution,anddevelopmentintheirnestingareas.Manyconservationistssurroundturtles’nestswithwirecages.Sincethesecagesareusuallymetallic,thepracticecouldaffecttheturtles’abilitytofindtheirwayhome.
32.Whydoestheauthorsay“It’snotaneasyway”?
A.Turtlesalwaystravelfarawayfromhome.
B.Earth’smagneticfieldchangesconstantly.
C.It’shardforturtlestofeelthein
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