集美大学外国语学院英国文学简史课本I老师画的主要内容.docx
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集美大学外国语学院英国文学简史课本I老师画的主要内容.docx
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集美大学外国语学院英国文学简史课本I老师画的主要内容
集美大学外国语学院英国文学简史课本(老师画的主要内容)
I.第一部分
中古英语时期
一、TheOldEnglishPeriod
TheBritishcivilizationisoneoftheoldestintheworld.Oneofitsextantsigns,theStonehenge,datesbackto1400-1800BC.
Thisprehistoricmonumentalpileofstonesindicatesafairlyadvancedlevelofengineeringandastronomy.
Ancientpeopleofthelandmusthavehadaprehistoricliteratureoftheirown.
TheCeltswereprobablythefirstinhabitantsoftheBritishIslesinrecordedhistory.Oneoftheirtribes,theBritons.“Britain”means“thelandoftheBritons.”TheCeltsleftbehindarichoraltraditionofmythsandlegends,ofwhichtheArthurianlegendsareandimportantpart.
TheAnglo-SaxonswereabranchoftheGermanictribes.
Anglo-SaxonbecameOldEnglish,andtheplacebecameEngland,ortheAngle-land,“thelandoftheAngles.”
7thcentury,thefirstEnglishpoet,Caedmonbyname,begantosing.
8th,Beowulf,(epic史诗)thefirstEnglishpoemstillintactasawholepiecetoday.
Thewife’slament妻子的哀怨ruin废墟
TheEcclesiasticalHistoryofEngland------Bede英格兰宗教史
Anglo-SaxonChronicle---KingAlfredtheGreat盎格鲁撒克逊编年史
Beowulf
Lengthynarrativepoem长篇叙事诗
TheonlyorganicwholepoemtocomeoutoftheAnglo-SaxonperiodisBeowulf,anepicofwellover3000lines.
ThestorytakesplaceinScandinavia.TheherocomesfromSweden,andperformshisdeedsinDenmark.
Itwashandeddownbywordofmouthfromgenerationtogeneration.
Beowulf’sfightwiththesea-monstersGrendelandhismotherinthefirstpart,andhiskillingafierydragonandhisdeathinthesecond.
Butthestoryisuniqueasahybrid(混合的)offactwithlegend.
写作修辞手法
1、useof“kenning”比喻的复合辞
Akenningisakindofmetaphorchieflydesignedtoappealtopeoplethinkinginimagesandpicturesandfacilitateaprocessofattainingknowledgebyguesswork.KenningsembellishthewholeofBeowulf.
2、Thereistheconspicuous显而易见的occurrenceofalliteration.头韵
Alliterationisbydefinitionasuccessionofsimilarconsonant辅音soundsrepeatedatthebeginningofsuccessivewords.Itisgoodforrhythmicchantingeffects,emphasis,andhelpingtomemorizethings.
3、Equallynoticeableistheuseofassonance.协韵
Anotherpopularsoundpatternofrepeatingvowelsoundsinsuccessivewordseitherinitially句首orinternally句中.
二、MiddleEnglish:
Medievalliterature中世纪文学
Romance浪漫主义
1、ThelegendsofKingArthurandhisknights
HeclaimedthatthebookwasatranslationofaWelshhistoryofKingArthurandhisknightsoftheRoundTable.亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士
OneofthesewasWaceofJerseywhoseRomandeBrut布鲁特传奇madethestoryaromanceofchivalry.
2、SirGawainandtheGreenKnight高文爵士和绿衣骑士
Itvirtuesofloyalty忠诚,valor勇敢,rectitude公正,andintegrity正直.
Itisa4-partworkof2530linesin101sections.
骑士精神对照:
Totheintensityofthelady’soffensive,thehuntingservesasanaptfoil——deer(timidity)怯懦,theboar(thewildandaggressive)攻击性,andthefox(thecunning).狡猾
3、RobinHood罗宾汉
RobinHood,theheroofthepoor,andtheenemyoftherichandthepowerful.
4、WilliamLanglandwroteVisionofPiersthePlowman.威廉·朗格兰(英国文学之父,著有《耕者皮尔斯》)
1、GeoffreyChaucer
1)FatherofEnglishpoetry
2)MasterofEnglishlanguage
3)Firstrealisticwriter
4)Forerunnerofhumanism
HewasthefirstpreeminentEnglishpoetinhistoryandrankswithShakespeareasthemostpopularandmostwidelyreadofallpoetstoday.
TheBookofDuchess
CanterburyTales坎特伯雷故事集诗体小说
Heroiccouplet英雄双韵;rhymedstanza雅韵诗节;endrhyme尾韵
ByfarthemostfamousofallhisworksisTheCanterburyTales,acollectionof20-oddstories.
Boccaccio’sDecameron薄伽丘的《十日谈》(模仿、借鉴坎特伯雷)worksinasimilarwayinthattennarratorseachtellastoryadayfortendays.
Onthepilgrimage朝拜toCanterbury
ThepaintingbeginsintheGeneralPrologue,whichisChaucer’spurelyEnglishwork.Itofferssuchapanoramaofsociallifethatthereaderscaninstantlyimaginethemselvesbackintothetimetunnelandrelivethe14th-centuryasoneofthetravelersintheTales.Thevarietyoflifestyles,customsandtraditions,thewayspeoplewalkintheirpeculiargaitsandtalkintheirpeculiarlanguage,thejuxtapositionoftheseriousandthedignifiedalongsidethejocularandthevulgar,thecandidfolkwiththetreacherous,thehighwiththelow,andfemalewithmale——alltheserevealChaucer’sthoroughknowledgeofhiscountryandhisraregiftforadequateexpression.
“TheWifeofBath’sTale”AyoungknightinKingArthur’stimeviolatestheknightlycodeandrapesayoungwoman.违反骑士美德,骚扰女性
Womanwantstobethemistressofherownhousemost.
Theimplicationisthathersmaynotbeaphysicalbeauty,butonethatresidesinthesoulandthatamanshouldloveawomanforherworthratherthanherface.
“ThePardoner’sTale”“TheMiller’sTale”
三、ThePre-ElizabethanPeriod
The150yearsbetweenthedeathofChaucerandtheascensionofQueenElizabethIwasaveryimportantperiodIhistory.
Freefromspiritualrestraint,loyaltyofGodandauthorityofclergyweredeclining.
Reformation
ThegrowingcorruptpracticesoftheCatholicChurch
FirststaredinGermanbyMartinLuther
TheProtestants,suchastheLutheriansandtheCalvinists
Therebirthorrevivalofclassicallearning,whichfirstbeganin14th-centuryItaly
Humanismasamovementcameintoexistence.
2、ThomasMore
UtopiaconsistsoftwobookswithemphasisonBookIIinwhichtheUtopianwealrepublicisdescribedindetail.
BookIiswrittenintheformofadialoguebetweenMoreandatravelerbythenameofRapaelHythloday.
Toexplorethepotentialofhumanlife
Utopia,akindof“Nowhereland”
Utopiaoffersthebestidealsocialsystempossiblethatcouldbeofferedatthetime.
ThelimitationofUtopianSociety:
TheUtopiansocietyisclearlymale-dominated:
thereisnomentionofgenderequality,noequalopportunityforadministrativeandreligiousjobs,noclearrecognitionofthefemalesexandtheirrights,butaveryclearindicationthatthewomenfolkhavetosubmittotheirmenfolkas,forinstance,theyhavetokneelbeforetheirmenandconfessondaysofreligiousobservance.
Renaissance文艺复兴时期
四、TheElizabethanAge
1、TheElizabethanperiodbeganwiththeascensionofQueenElizabethIin1588.
TheWaroftheRoses(1455-1483)
FrancisDrakedefeatedtheSpanishArmadain1588,Englandbecamethefirstseapowerintheworld.
TheElizabethanagewasoneinwhichRenaissancetransformedChaucer’sMedievalEnglandintoShakespeare’smodernone.
Spiritofadventurepermeatedallthefields
Theagefurnishedafertilesoil,asitwere,onwhichaplethoraafreshflowersandplantsgrewtosurvive.
三个时期
I、Thefirstofthesestretchesovertwodecades,beginningwiththeprintingofTottel’sMiscellanyandconcludingwiththepublicationofEdmundSpenser’sTheShepheardesCalendar.
ThemaincontributorstoTottel’sMiscellanywereThomasWyatt,whointroducedthesonnetintothecountry,andHenryHoward,EarlofSurrey,whobroughttheblankverse(素体诗、无韵诗)intoEnglishpoetry(blankversebeingrhyme-lessiambicpentameter(不押韵,五步抑扬格)oralineoftensyllablesinfiveiambs(五个抑扬格,十个音节),arhythmicunitoftwosyllablewiththeunstressedfollowedbythestressedsyllable)
II、Thesecondphasecoverssometwodecadesfrom1580through1599,theyearofSpenser’sdeath.ThiswasaperiodofintenseliteraryactivityinwhichthegreatestElizabethanwritersmadetheirpresencefelt.
Spenser——TheFaerieQueene《仙后》
PhilipSidney——AstrophelandStella《爱星者与星星》
JohnLyly’s——EupheusItsquaintstylewithitsextravagant,conceited,andfloridlanguage最初文章很奢华
Euphemism委婉语JohnLylycontributedtotheEnglishlanguage
UniversityWits大学才子派eachandeveryoneofwhomwasamanofgenius,outwiththeirbrilliantcreations,andwouldhavealltakenupalotmorespaceinliteraryhistoryhadtherenottoweredabovethemtheall-timeShakespeare.These“Wits”includeChristopherMarlowe,RobertGreene,GeorgePeele,ThomasLodge,ThomasNash,andThomasKyd.AllweregraduateseitherfromOxfordorCambridgeorboth,hadashortbutbrilliantliterarycareerthatplacedthemamongtheancestorsofmodernEnglishwriters,andmostleftthesceneassoonastheycamemainlyasresultoftheirrecklessanddissoluteBohemianlifestyleforwhichtheElizabethanagewasfamousornotorious.
大学才子派的常用手法“戏中戏”Themechanismoftheplaywithintheplay
Lodge’sRosalynde(洛奇的罗莎琳达)gavethestorylineforShakespeare’sAsYouLikeIt(皆大欢喜).TheworkoftheUniversityWitspavedthewayfortheriseofShakespeare.
III、Thethirdphasespansoversomethreedecades.ThiswastheperiodinwhichShakespearefinishedallhislaterplays,andBenJonsondidalmostthewholeofhiswork.
TheAuthorizedVersionoftheBible——授权版本的圣经
KingJames’Bible——国王詹姆斯圣经
TheElizabethanageisfamousineverypossiblesenseoftheword,involume数量,quality,variety,originality,andpermanence持久性.
2、EdmundSpenser埃德蒙·斯宾塞
TheFaerieQueen《仙后》先给伊丽莎白女王的诗,cameoutin1590andmadehimthebestofpoetsofhistime.
HewasburiednearChaucerinthePoet’sCornerofWestminsterAbbey角落的威斯敏斯特教堂.Spenser’smajorworksincludeTheShepheardesCalendar(牧羊人日历),TheFaerieQueene,ColinCloutsComeHomeAgaine,twoodestoMarriage——Epithalamium祝婚诗andProthalamium婚前曲,andAmoretti祝婚曲,acollectionofsonnets.
TheFaerieQueeneisagrandepicpoem.
Spenserianstanza斯宾塞诗体
Spenserianstanza,whichhascontinuedtobeapopularstanzaicformfordreamyandmeditativeworks.
Therhymeschemeisababbcbcc
3、Shakespeare’splaysrevealtracesofacquaintancewithSpenser’spoems.Miltoncallshimhis“poeticalfather.”
DrydenandPopewerebothindebtedtohim.
AndsowereJamesThomson,Wordsworth,Byron,Shelley,Keats,Tennyson,andhundredsmore.
4、PhilipSidney
ApologieforPoetrie
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