英美概况名词解释.docx
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英美概况名词解释.docx
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英美概况名词解释
英美概况名词解释
1.theHardian’sWall:
ItwasoneofthetwogreatwallsbuiltbytheR
omanstokeepthePictsoutoftheareatheyha
dconquered.
2.AlfredtheGreat
Alfredwasastrongkingofthewisemen.ItwascreatedbytheAnglo-Saxonstoadvisetheking.It’sthebasisofthePrivyCouncilwhichstillexiststoday.
3.WilliamtheConqueror
WilliamwasDukeofNormandy.HelandedhisarmyinOct,1066anddefeatedKingHarold.ThenhewascrownedkingofEnglandonChristmasDaythesameyear.HeestablishedastrongNormangovernmentandthefeudal
systeminEngland.
4.thebattleofHastings
In1066,KingEdwarddiedwithnoheir,the
WitanchoseHaroldasking.William,Dukeof
Normandy,invadedEngland.OnOctober14,
thetwoarmiesmetnearHasting.Afteraday’
sbattle,Haroldwaskilledandhisarmycompletelydefeated.Sothisbattlewasveryimporta
ntonthewayoftheRomanconquest.
5.DomesdayBook
UnderWilliam,thefeudalsystemwasestablis
hed.Williamsentofficialstocompileaproper
tyrecordknownasDomesdayBook,whichcompletedin1086.ItwastheresultofageneralsurveyofEnglandmadein1085.Itstatedtheextent,value,thepopulation,stateofcultivation,andownershipoftheland.Itseemedtothe
EnglishliketheBookofdoomonJudgement
Day.
6.theGreatCharter
KingJohn’sreigncausedmuchdiscontentamongthebarons.In1215,hewasforcedtosignadocument,knownasMangnaCara,ortheGreatCharter.Ithas63clauses.Thoughithas
longbeenregardedasthefoundationofEnglishliberities,itsspiritwasthelimitationofthe
king’spowers,keepingthemwithintheboundsofthefeudallawoftheland.
7.theHundredYears’War
ItreferredtotheintermittentwarbetweenFranceandEnglandthatlastfrom1337to1453.T
hecauseswerepartlyterritorialandpartlyeconomic.WhenEdwardIIIclaimedtheFrenchCrownbuttheFrenchrefusedtorecognize,the
warbrokeout.AtfirsttheEnglishweresuccessful,butintheend,theyweredefeatedandlostalmostalltheirpossessionsinFrance.TheexpellingoftheEnglishwasablessingforbothcountries.
8.JoanofArc
ShewasanationalheroineofFranceduringtheHundredYears’War.ShesuccessfullyledtheFrenchtodrivetheEnglishoutofFrance.来源:
(;a9d9e570100ats3.html)-英美概况备考资
料!
---名词解释部分1_蝉蝉angie_新浪博客
9.theBlackDeath
ItwasthedeadlybubonicplaguewhospreadthroughEuropeinthe14thcentury.ItsweptthroughEnglandwithoutwarningandanycure,a
ndsparingnovictims.Itkilledbetweenhalfandone-thirdofthepopulationofEngland.Thus,muchlandwasleftuntendedandlabourwas
short.Itcausedfar-reachingeconomicconsequences.
10.theWarsofRoses
TheyreferredtothebattlesbetweentheHouse
ofLancasterandtheHouseofYorkbetween
1455and1485.Theformerwassymbolizedbytheredrose,andthelatterbythewhiteone.Afterthewars,feudalismreceiveditsdeathblowandtheking’spowerbecamesupreme.ThdormonarchsruledEnglandandWalesforovertwohundredyears.
11.BloodyMary
HenryVIII’sdaughterandadevoutCatholic.
WhenshebecameQueen,shepersecutedand
burntmanyProtestants.Soshewasgiventhen
ickname“BloodyMary”.Maryisalsorememb
eredasthemonarchwholosttheFrenchport
ofCalais.
12.ElizabethI
OneofthegreatestmonarchsinBritishhistor
y.ShereignedEngland,WalesandIrelandfor
45yearsandremainedsingle.HerreignwasatimeofconfidentEnglishnationalismandof
greatachievementsinliteratureandotherarts,inexplorationandinbattle.
13.OliverCromwell
TheleaderduringtheCivilWarwholedtheN
ewModelArmytodefeatthekingandcondemnedhimtodeath.ThenhedeclaredEngland
aCommonwealthandmadehimselfLordofProtector.HeruledEnglandtilltherestorationofcharlesIIin1660.
14.theBillofRights
In1689,WilliamandMaryacceptedtheBillofRightstobecrownedjointly.Thebillexclud
edanyRomanCatholicfromthesuccession,confirmedtheprincipleofparliamentarysupremacyandguaranteedfreespeechwithinboththetwoHouses.Thustheageofconstitutionalmonarchybegan.
15.WhigsandTories
Itreferredtothetwopartynameswhichorigin
atedwiththeGloriousRevolutionof1688.TheWhigswerethosewhoopposedabsolutemonarchyandsupportedtherighttoreligiousfreedomforNoncomformists.TheTorieswerethosewhosupportedhereditarymonarchyandwerereluctanttoremovekings.TheWhigsformedacoalitionwithdissidentToriesandbecametheLiberalParty.TheToriesweretheforeru
nnersoftheConservativeParty.
16.JamesWatt
TheScottishinventorwhoproducedanefficie
ntsteamenginewithrotarymotionthatcouldbeappliedtotextileandothermachinery.
17.WinstonChurchill
PrimeMinisterofBritainduringtheSecondW
orldWar.HetookoverChamberlainin1940andreceivedmassivepo
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