Adverbials全英解析.docx
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Adverbials全英解析.docx
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Adverbials全英解析
Adverbials
Whydoweuse adverbials?
Weuse adverbs togivemoreinformationabouttheverb.
Weuse adverbialsofmanner tosay how somethinghappensorhowsomethingisdone:
Thechildrenwereplaying happily.
Hewasdriving asfastaspossible.
Weuse adverbialsofplace tosay where somethinghappens:
Isawhim there.
Wemetin London.
Weuse adverbialsoftime tosay when or howoften somethinghappens:
Theystartwork atsixthirty.
They usually gotoworkbybus.
Weuse adverbialsofprobability toshow howcertainweare aboutsomething.
∙Perhaps theweatherwillbefine.
∙Heis certainly comingtotheparty.
1.howwemakeadverbials
Anadverbialcanbean adverb:
Hespoke angrily.
Theylive here.
Wewillbeback soon.
oran adverb witha quantifier:
Hespoke reallyangrily.
Theylive justhere.
Wewillgo quitesoon.
Wewillgo assoonaspossible.
ora phrasewithapreposition:
Hespoke inanangryvoice.
Theylive inLondon.
Wewillgo inafewminutes.
2.wheretheygoinasentence
Wheredoadverbialsgoinasentence?
Wenormallyputadverbials aftertheverb:
Hespoke angrily.
Theylive justhere.
Wewillgo inafewminutes.
or after the object or complement:
Heopened thedoor quietly.
Sheleft themoney onthetable.
Wesaw ourfriends lastnight.
Youarelooking tired tonight.
Butadverbialsof frequency (howoften)usuallycome infrontof themainverb:
We usually spent ourholidayswithourgrandparents.
Ihave never seen Williamatwork.
Butifwewantto emphasise anadverbialwecanputitatthe beginning ofaclause:
Lastnight wesawourfriends.
Inafewminutes wewillgo.
Veryquietly heopenedthedoor.
Ifwewanttoemphasisean adverbofmanner wecanputit infrontof themainverb:
He quietly opened thedoor.
Shehad carefully put theglassontheshelf.
3.adverbsofmanner
Adverbsofmannerareusuallyformedfrom adjectives byadding –ly:
bad> badly;quiet> quietly;recent> recently;sudden> suddenly
buttherearesometimeschangesin spelling:
easy> easily;gentle> gently
Ifanadjectiveendsin –ly weusethephrase ina….way toexpressmanner:
Silly>Hebehaved inasillyway.
Friendly>Shespoke inafriendlyway.
Afewadverbsofmannerhavethe same formasthe adjective:
Theyallworked hard.
Sheusuallyarrives late.
Ihatedriving fast.
Note:
hardly and lately have differentmeanings:
Hecould hardly walk=Itwas difficult forhimtowalk.
Ihaven’tseenJohn lately =Ihaven’tseenJohn recently.
Weoftenusephraseswithlikeasadverbialsofmanner:
Sheslept like ababy.
Heran like arabbit.
Adverbsofmannerandlinkverbs
Weveryoftenuse adverbials with like afterlinkverbs:
Herhandsfelt like ice.
Itsmells like freshbread.
Butwedo not useotheradverbialsofmannerafterlinkverbs.Weuse adjectives instead:
Theylooked happily happy.
Thatbreadsmells deliciously delicious.
4.adverbialsofplace
Weuseadverbialsofplacetodescribe:
Location
Weuse prepositions totalkabout where someoneorsomethingis.
Examples:
∙Hewasstanding bythetable.
∙You’llfindit inthecupboard.
∙Signyournamehere– atthebottomofthepage.
Direction
Weuseadverbialsto totalkaboutthe direction wheresomeoneorsomethingis moving.
Examples:
∙Walk pastthebank andkeepgoing totheendofthestreet.
∙Thecardoorisverysmallsoit’sdifficulttoget into.
Distance
Weuseadverbialstoshow howfar thingsare:
Examples:
∙Birminghamis250kilometres from London.
∙WewereinLondon.Birminghamwas250kilometres away.
1)adverbialsoflocation
Location
Weuse prepositions totalkabout where someoneorsomethingis:
above
among
at
behind
below
beneath
beside
between
by
in
inbetween
inside
near
nextto
on
opposite
outside
over
round
through
under
underneath
Hewasstanding bythetable.
Shelivesinavillage nearGlasgow.
You’llfindit inthecupboard.
Weuse phrases with of asprepositions:
atthebackof
atthetopof
atthebottomof
attheendof
ontopof
atthefrontof
infrontof
inthemiddleof
Thereweresomeflowers inthemiddleofthetable.
Signyournamehere– atthebottomofthepage.
Ican’tsee.You’restanding infrontofme.
Wecanuse right asan intensifier withsomeoftheseprepositions:
Hewasstanding right nexttothetable.
Thereweresomeflowers right inthemiddleofthetable.
There’sawood right behindourhouse.
2)adverbialsofdirection
Direction
Wealsouseprepositionalphrasestotalkabout direction:
across
along
back
backto
down
into
onto
outof
past
through
to
towards
Sheran outofthehouse.
Walk pastthebank andkeepgoing totheendofthestreet.
Wealsouseadverbsandadverbphrasesfor place and direction:
abroad
away
anywhere
downstairs
downwards
everywhere
here
indoors
inside
nowhere
outdoors
outside
somewhere
there
upstairs
IwouldlovetoseeParis.I’veneverbeen there.
Thebedroomis upstairs.
Itwassocoldthatwestayed indoors.
Weoftenhaveaprepositionatthe endofaclause:
Thisistheroomwehaveourmeals in.
Thecardoorisverysmallsoit’sdifficulttoget into.
Iliftedthecarpetandlooked underneath.
3)adverbialsofdistance
Distance
Weuseadverbialstoshow howfar thingsare:
Birminghamis250kilometres from London.
Birminghamis250kilometres awayfrom London.
Itis250kilometres from Birmingham to London.
Sometimesweuseaprepositionatthe end ofaclause:
WewereinLondon.Birminghamwas250kilometres away.
Birminghamwas250kilometres off.
5.adverbialsoftime
Weuseadverbialsoftimetosay:
• when somethinghappened:
IsawMary yesterday.
Shewasborn in1978.
Iwillseeyou later.
Therewasastorm duringthenight.
•for howlong :
Wewaited allday.
Theyhavelivedhere since2004.
Wewillbeonholiday fromJuly1stuntilAugust3rd.
• howoften (frequency):
They usually watchedtelevisionintheevening.
We sometimes wenttoworkbycar.
Weoftenusea nounphrase asatimeadverbial:
yesterday
lastweek/month/year
oneday/week/month
lastSaturday
tomorrow
nextweek/month/year
thedayaftertomorrow
nextFriday
today
thisweek/month/year
thedaybeforeyesterday
theotherday/week/month
1)timeanddates
Weuse phrases with prepositions astimeadverbials:
•Weuse at with:
clocktimes:
atseveno’clock-atninethirty- atfifteenhundredhours
mealtimes:
atbreakfast- atlunchtime- atteatime
…andinthesephrases:
atnight- attheweekend- atChristmas - atEaster
•Weuse in with:
seasonsoftheyear:
inspring/summer/autumn/winter- inthespring/summer/autumn/winter
yearsandcenturies:
in2009-in1998- inthetwentiethcentury
months:
inJanuary/February/Marchetc.
partsoftheday:
inthemorning- intheafternoon-intheevening.
•Weuse on with:
days:
onMonday/Tuesday/Wednesdayetc- onChristmasday-onmybirthday.
dates:
onthethirtyfirstofJuly-onJune15th
Note:
Wesay atnight whenwearetalkingabout allofthenight:
Whenthereisnomoonitisverydark atnight.
Hesleepsduringthedayandworks atnight.
butwesay inthenight whenwearetalkingabouta shorttime duringthenight:
Hewokeuptwice inthenight.
Iheardafunnynoise inthenight.
Weusetheadverb ago withthepastsimpletosay howlongbefore thetimeofspeakingsomethinghappened:
IsawJimabout threeweeksago.
Wearrived afewminutesago.
Wecanputtimephrasestogether:
Wewillmeet nextweek atsixo’clock onMonday.
Iheardafunnynoise atabouteleveno’clock lastnight.
Ithappened lastweek atseveno’clock onMondaynight.
2)howlong
Weuse for tosay howlong:
Wehavebeenwaiting fortwentyminutes.
TheylivedinManchester forfifteenyears.
Weuse since withthepresentperfectorthepastperfecttosay whensomethingstarted:
Ihaveworkedhere sinceDecember.
Theyhadbeenwatching sinceseveno’clockinthemorning.
Weuse from…to/until tosaywhensomething starts and finishes:
Theystayedwithus fromMondaytoFriday.
Wewillbeonholiday fromthesixteenthuntilthetwentieth.
3)howoften
Thecommonestadverbialsoffrequencyare:
always
never
normally
occasionally
often
rarely
seldom
sometimes
usually
Weusuallyputadverbialsoffrequencyin front ofthemainverb:
We often spend Christmaswithfriends.
Ihave never enjoyed myselfsomuch.
buttheyusuallycomeaftertheverb be:
He was always tiredintheevening.
We are never lateforwork.
Weusetheadverbial alot tomean often or frequently.Itcomesattheendoftheclause:
Wegotothecinema alot.
but before anothertimeadverbial:
Wegotothecinema alotattheweekend.
Weuse much witha negative tomeannotoften:
Wedon’t goout much.(=Wedon’tgooutoften)
Weuse howoften or ever toaskquestionsabout frequency. Howoften comesatthe beginning oftheclause:
Howoften doyougotothecinema?
Howoften haveyoubeenhere?
ever comes before themainverb:
Doyou ever go tothecinemaattheweekend?
Haveyou ever been there?
Longer frequencyphrases,like everyyear or threetimesaday usuallycomeattheendoftheclause:
IhaveanEnglishlesson twiceaweek.
Shegoestoseehermother everyday.
6.already,still,yetandnolonger
Weuse still toshowthatsomething continuesuptoatime inthepastpresentorfuture.Itgoesinfrontofthemainverb:
Thechildren still enjoyed playinggames.
Theyare still living nextdoor.
Wewill still be onholiday.
…or after thepresentsimpleorthepastsimpleof be:
Hergrandfather is still alive.
They were still unhappy.
Weuse already tos
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- Adverbials 解析