过去完成时.docx
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过去完成时.docx
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过去完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时
构成:
过去完成时由“had+动词的过去分词”构成,had通常用于任何人称
过去完成时肯定式:
主语+had+过去分词
否定式:
主语+had+not+过去分词
疑问式:
Had+主语+过去分词
基本用法:
在过去某一时刻之前就已经完成的动作,即“过去的过去”。
强调“过去的过去”。
要正确理解“过去的过去”。
“过去的过去”是一个相对时间,即它相对于一个过去时间而言,并在其过去。
这种相对的“过去的过去”有时通过一定的时间副词(状语)体现出来,有时则可能是通过一定的上下文来体现:
①ThepenIthoughtIhadlostisonmydesk,rightundermynose.那支我以为已经丢了的钢笔。
在我的桌子上,就在我的鼻子底下。
②Helenhadleftherkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusbandcamehome.海伦把钥匙忘在了办公室,所以她不得不等到丈夫回家。
③Iarrivedlate;Ihadn’texpectedtheroadtobesoicy.
④Theyoungman,whenquestionedwhyhehadbrokenthelaw,justlookedatthepolicemanandsaidnothing.
⑤Hekeptlookingather,wonderingwhetherhehadseenhersomewhere.
⑥Thelittlegirlcriedherheartoutbecauseshehadlosthertoybearandbelievedshewasn’tevergoingtofindit.
⑦Thenewscameasnosurprisetome.Ihadknownforsometimethatthefactorywasgoingtoshutdown.
⑧Iwasgivingatalktoalargegroupofpeople,thesametalkIhadgiventohalfadozenothergroups.
⑨Theyounggirlsittingnexttomeontheplanewasverynervous.Shehadn’tflownbefore.
⑩FatherhadleftforLondononbusinessuponmyarrival,soIdidn’tseehim.
I found the watch which I had lost. 我找到了我丢失的表。
根据上下文的时间关系来确定。
如:
①JohnandIhavebeenfriendsforeightyears.WefirstgottoknoweachotherataChristmasparty.Butwehadseeneachotheracoupleoftimesbeforethat.
②Shefeltanxiousabouthersonasshehadn’theardformhimforquitealongtime.
③WhenMarkopenedthedoor,hesawawomanstandingthere.Hehadneverseenherbefore
④A:
DidAlanenjoyseeinghisoldfriendsyesterday?
B:
Yes,hedid.Hehadn’tseenhisoldfriendsforalongtime.
⑤A:
Hurryup!
AliceandSuearewaitingforyouattheschoolgate.
B:
Oh!
Ithoughttheyhadgonewithoutme.
⑥A:
HaveyouseenMichaelrecently?
B:
Yes,infactIsawhimthismorning.Ihadn’tseenhimfortwoyears.
⑦A:
AreyougladthatyoucametoWashington?
B:
Yes,indeed.IhadconsideredgoingtoNewYorkorBoston,butI’vneverregrettedmydecision.
⑧A:
DidyouknowanyFrenchbeforeyouarrivesinWashington?
B:
NeverhadIlearnedit,actually.
The house was quiet. Everybody had gone to bed. 屋子里很安静,大家都睡觉了。
"Was Jack at the office?
" "No, he’d gone home." “杰克在办公室吗?
”“不在,
主语+过去完成时+by短语
①Ihadfinishedwritingmycompositionby10:
00thismorning.
②Wehadlearnedfourthousandnewwordsbytheendoflastyear.
③Bytheendoflastmonth,anothernewgymnasiumhadbeencompletedinBeijing.
④Thenewsuspensionbridgehadbeendesignedbytheendoflastweek.By six o’clock he had worked twelve hours. 到6点钟时他就已工作了12小时
主语+过去完成时+bythetime引导的从句
①Hehadalreadybuilthisownlabbythetimehewasten.到十岁时,他已经建起了自己的实验室。
②Ihadfinishedthisworkbythetimeyoucameback.
③BythetimeyouarrivedinBeijing,Ihadstayedtherefortwodays
用在含有when的主从复合句中
由于when本身不能明确表示时间的先后关系,故先发生的动作应用过去完成时,后发生的动作只需用一般过去时。
这样用过去完成时的可能是主句,也可能是从句。
例如:
Whenallhismoneyhadbeenusedup,Peterhadtoturntoafriendforhelp.
有时,主句和从句的谓语动词的先后关系十分明确,两个动作紧接着发生,前一动作导致后一动作,这时两者均用一般过去时即可。
例如:
Whenthemeetingwasover,weleftthehall.散会后,我们就离开了大厅。
He had left when I arrived. 当我到达时他已经离开
Mostoftheguestshadleftwhenhearrivedattheparty.
用在含有after的主从复合句中
在含有after的主从复合句中,一般在从句中使用过去完成时,主句中使用一般过去时。
例如:
Afterhehaddonehishomework,hewentouttoplayfootball.
因连词after本身能明确表示时间的先后关系,因而多数的主句和从句均使用一般过去时。
例如:
AfterhearrivedinEngland,MarxworkedhardtoimprovehisEnglish.
用在含有before的主从复合句中
用在含有before的主从复合句中,一般在从句中使用一般过去时,主句中使用过去完成时。
例如:
Lilyhadwrittensomelettersbeforeshewentoutshopping.
有时,也可以在从句中用过去完成时,主句中用一般过去时,这样就可使描述更为生动。
试比较:
Wegottothestationbeforethetrainhadleft.火车尚未开动之前,我们就到了车站。
Wehadgottothestationbeforethetrainleft.火车开出之前我们就已经到了车站。
像after一样,before本身就能明确地表示时间的先后关系,故多数主从句均使用一般过去时,而无需使用过去完成时。
例如:
Manypeopleleftforhomebeforethefilmended.电影尚未放完,许多人就起身回家了。
用于并列句:
一个并列句用的是过去式,如果另一个并列句表示的动作早于过去式这一动作,这时需用过去完成时。
例如:
Tomflewhome,buthisfatherhadalreadydied.汤姆乘飞机回家,他的父亲却已经去世了。
与一般过去时弄混:
例:
Shelived(live)inNewYorkforeightyearsbeforehecametoChina.答案:
hadlived
解析:
一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。
而过去完成时主要体现过去发生的两动作先后有别,即比过去发生的某动作还要“过去”,两动作中先发生的是过去完成时,后发生的则只用一般过去时。
1WhenLiMinghurriedhome,hefoundthathismother____already____to
hospital.
Ahas;beensentBhad;sentChas;sentDhad;beensent
2We____fiveEnglishsongsbytheendoflastterm.
AhadlearnedBlearnedChavelearnedDwillhavelearned
3HanMeitoldmeshe_____lunch,soshewasveryhungry.
AhashadBhasn'thaveChavehadDhadn'thad
4Bytheendof1976,manybuildings_____builtinthecity.
AhavebeenBhaveChadbeenDwill
5She_____herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband____home.
Ahasleft;comesBhadleft;wouldcomeChadleft;cameDleft;hadcome
6HesaidthatitwasatleasttenyearssinceI_____agooddrink.
AhadenjoyedBwasenjoyingChaveenjoyedDhavebeenenjoying
7Themeeting_____whenMr.Wang_____toschool.
Ahasbegun;getBhasbeenon;getChadbegun;gotDhadbeenon;got
二、1WhenIreturnedhome,he_____(leave).
2Bytenyesterdayevening,she________(finish)writing.
3He______(study)Englishforfiveyearsbeforehecamehere.
4It_________(stop)rainingwhenIwakeupthismorning.
5I_____(notread)thebookbecauseIhadreaditbefore.
6Shesaidshe____(be)bornin1992.
7Whenhe_____(come)toChinatwoyearsagohefoundpeopledidn't
understandhimatallthoughhe________(learn)someChineseinhisowncountry.
8IsawHanMeiyesterday.We_____(notsee)eachothersinceleftBeijing.
9WhenIgottohishome,he_____(go)tobed.
10SheaskedifMr.Liu_____already_____(come)back.
答案:
1D2A3D4C5C6A7C
答案:
1hadleft2hadfinished3hadstudied4hadstopped5didn'tread
6was7camehadlearned8hadn'tseen9hadgone10hadcome
专项练习:
1WhenLiMinghurriedhome,hefoundthathismother____already____tohospital.
Ahas;beensent Bhad;sent Chas;sentDhad;beensent
2We____fiveEnglishsongsbytheendoflastterm.
AhadlearnedBlearned Chavelearned Dwillhavelearned
3HanMeitoldmeshe_____lunch,soshewasveryhungry.
AhashadBhasn'thaveChavehadDhadn'thad
4Bytheendof1976,manybuildings_____builtinthecity.
AhavebeenBhaveChadbeenDwill
5She_____herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband____home.
Ahasleft;comesBhadleft;wouldcomeChadleft;cameDleft;hadcome
6HesaidthatitwasatleasttenyearssinceI_____agooddrink.
AhadenjoyedBwasenjoyingChaveenjoyedDhavebeenenjoying
7Themeeting_____whenMr.Wang_____toschool.
Ahasbegun;getBhasbeenon;getChadbegun;gotDhadbeenon;got
答案:
1D2A3D4C5C6A7C
Thepupilstalkedaboutthefilmthey(watch) .
2. IwaslateforworkbecauseI(miss) thebus.
3. Welivedinthehousethatmyfather(build) .
4. WeadmiredthepicturethatLucy(paint) .
5. Theywateredthetreesthatthey(plant) .
6. Theteachercorrectedtheteststhatthepupils(write) .
7. IreceivedagoodmarkinmytestbecauseI(practise) onego4u.
8. ThemailorderhousedidnotsendmetheshirtthatI(order) .
9. Ihadtocleanthefloorbecausemycats(knock) overtheflowerpots.
10. Myfriendwasinhospitalbecauseshe(slip) onabananaskin.
11. Intheshoppingcentre,ImetafriendwhoI(see/not) forages.
12. Thethiefcouldwalkrightintothehousebecauseyou(lock/not) thedoor.
13. Welostthematchbecausewe(practise/not) thedaysbefore.
14. Atschool,Jimquicklycopiedthehomeworkthathe(do/not) .
15. WeateatarestaurantlastnightbecauseI(buy/not) anythingfordinner.
16. Whenwecameback,itwascoldinthehousebecauseAlice(close/not) thewindows.
17. Alldaylong,PhilwasangrywithmejustbecauseI(greet/not) himfirst.
18. WhenImetJaneateleveno’clock,she(have/not) breakfastyet.
19. Icouldn’tgotothecinemawithmyfriendslastnightbecauseI(finish/not)myhomeworkyet.
20. FredansweredmyquestionalthoughI(ask/not) him.
21. (what/Bob/do) thathewaskeptinafterschool?
22. (you/eat) anythingbeforeyouwenttothetheatre?
23(he/live) inLondonbeforehemovedtoGlasgow?
24. (she/find) anewjobbythattime?
25. (they/book) aroombeforetheywenttoDublin?
26. (howoften/you/ring) thebellbeforeheansweredthedoor?
27.(why/they/have) dinnerbeforetheycametotheparty?
28.(Carly/wash) thedisheswhenhermumcamehome?
29. (you/read) thecontractbeforeyousignedit?
30. (who/live) inthehousebeforewemovedin?
汉译英1.到上学期你们学会了多少首歌?
2.到昨天晚上,他把这篇课文读了三遍。
3.十点钟前,我们到达了车站。
4.在他上中学之前,已学会了两百多个英语单词。
5.当我们到达电影院时,电影已经开始五分钟了。
6.昨天找看见李平了。
自从我们离开北京,就一直没有见面。
7.我昨天没有给魏华那本书,因为她已经为自己买了一本。
8.他问李先生是否已经回来了
9.我听说他住那五年了。
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