分析中西方餐桌礼仪文化差异毕业论文.docx
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分析中西方餐桌礼仪文化差异毕业论文.docx
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分析中西方餐桌礼仪文化差异毕业论文
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AnalysisontheCulturalDifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternTableEtiquette
Contents
IIntroduction
Withthedevelopmentofglobaleconomy,cross-culturecommunicationhasbecomemoreandmorefrequent,andthedifferencesbetweenChineseandwesternculturehavebecomemoreobvious,especiallythedifferencesoftableetiquette.Differentcultureshavedifferentnormsoftableetiquettewhichisanimportantwaytorunagoodcommunicationwithothercountrieswithdifferentculturalbackground.NomatterinChinaorWesterncountries,peoplethinksfoodasanessentialprerequisiteforhumanbeingexistence.Butpeoplefromdifferentculturalbackgroundmayhavedistinctfoodculturewhichcanbeshowedobviouslyontable.Sosearchingtheirdifferenttableetiquetteisadirectandeffectivewaytoknowculturescommunicatewithotherpeople.Thus,thisthesiswillanalyzesomeobviousdifferencesontableetiquetteinChinaandWesterncountries.ItisnecessarytoanalyzetheculturaldifferencesandtheirrootedcausesinChineseandWesternfromtheperspectiveoftableetiquetteandthereasonsforthem.
1.1PurposeoftheThesis
Adifferencebetweenchinaandwesterncountriesontableetiquetteisaveryimportantsubjectofstudyinmodernculture.Itplaysacrucialpositionintheprocessofhistorydevelopmentofmaterialculture.Becauseofdifferentnaturalenvironment,historicalbackgroundandnationalculturesinChinaandwesterncountriesformeduniquefoodcultures.SotheanalysisoftheculturaldifferencesontableetiquettesbetweenChinaandwesterncountriesisnecessaryforthestudyofChineseandWesterncultures.
1.2SignificanceoftheThesis
Intoday’sworld,especiallywhenthemarketeconomyisblooming;culturalcommunicationisbecomingmoreandcloser.Mutualcooperationbetweendifferentculturesisunderitswaysilently.Varioustableetiquetteswillalsomixtogetherbecauseofculturecollision.Thus,theywillbeunderstoodandacceptedbymoreandmorepeople,whichisbeneficialtotheirdevelopmentandourlifeaswell.Alongwiththedevelopmentoftheopenpolicy,itiscommontocommunicatewithforeigners,butthecommunicationbetweendifferentcountriesisnotsoeasy.Asmoreandmorejointventureshavebeenestablishedinchina,competitionsbetweenthesecompaniesbecomemoreandmoreintensively,sostepuptheservebecomeveryimportant.Peoplemustensurethecorrectmannerwhentheyaffiliatewithforeigners.Weallknowtablemannerisunavoidableduringthecommunication,moreandmorecompaniesfocusontheetiquettetraining.ThisThesiscanleadpeopletoknowthedifferencebetweenChineseandWesterntableetiquettedeeply,anditdirectsthemtakegracefultablemannerstohavedinnerwithforeigners.
1.3OverviewofTableEtiquetteinChinaandWesternCountries
1.3.1OverviewofTableEtiquetteinChina
TherearemanyeatingmannersthatonemustpayattentiontowhichdatefromthetimeofancientChina,suchashowtositinabanquetortheplacingofthecutlery,andsoon.Etiquettegovernsnearlyeveryactionatthetable.Someruleswereoutofcourtesyandidentity,andwerecalledbyancientChinese“respectformanners”;someothersweretraditional;andsomeonlyconcernedthebehaviorsofcertaingroupsofpeople(especiallywomen)andwereactuallynotnecessary.Whatevertheirorigin,theserulesshowancientChina’sdietaryhabitsandfoodculture,andsomeofthemarestillfollowedinmodernChineselife.Compliancewiththeserulessometimessignalsaperson’sstatus,culture,andfamilyeducationtoothers.Becausethecustomofusingbanquetstosolveproblemsinbusiness,forfriendship,andeveninofficialdombytheChinesepeople,onesshouldpaygreatattentiontothemannersbythetableandespeciallytotheChineseeatingtaboos.
EatingisadominantaspectofChineseculture,andinChina,eatingoutisoneofthemostacceptedwaystohonorguests.SimilartoWesternersdrinkinginabarwithfriends,eatingtogetherinChinaisawaytosocializeanddeepenfriendship.
TherearemanyeatingetiquettethatonemustpayattentiontowhichdatefromthetimeofancientChina,suchashowtositinabanquetortheplacingofthecutlery,andsoon.Etiquettegovernsnearlyeveryactionatthetable.Someruleswereoutofcourtesyandidentity,andwerecalledbyancientChinese“respectformanners”;someothersweretraditional;andsomeonlyconcernedthebehaviorsofcertaingroupsofpeople(especiallywomen)andwereactuallynotnecessary.Whatevertheirorigin,theserulesshowancientChina’sdietaryhabitsandfoodculture,andsomeofthemarestillfollowedinmodernChineselife.Compliancewiththeserulessometimessignalsaperson’sstatus,culture,andfamilyeducationtoothers.Becausethecustomofusingbanquetstosolveproblemsinbusiness,forfriendship,andeveninofficialdombytheChinesepeople,onesshouldpaygreatattentiontothemannersbythetableandespeciallytotheChineseeatingtaboos.
TableetiquetteisveryimportanttoChinesepeople.InChineseculture,usingcorrecttablemannersisbelievedtobring“luck”whileincorrectusewillbringshame.Similarly,tableetiquetteindicateschildren’seducationalstatus:
holdingchopsticksincorrectlyleavesabadimpressionandshamestheparents,whohavetheresponsibilityofteachingthem.
1.3.2OverviewofTableEtiquetteinWesternCountries
In theWest,thenotionof etiquette,beingofFrenchoriginandarisingfrompracticesatthecourtofLouisXIV,isoccasionallydisparagedasold-fashionedorelite,acodeconcernedonlywith“whichforktouse”.Somepeopleconsideretiquettetobeanunnecessaryrestrictionoffreedomofpersonalexpression.Othersconsidersuchpeopletobeunmannerlyandrude.Forinstance,wearingpajamastoaweddinginacathedralmaybeanexpressionoftheguest’sfreedom,andmayalsocausethebrideandgroomtosuspectthattheguestinpajamasisexpressingamusementordisparagementtowardsthemandtheirwedding.Etiquettemaybeenforcedinpragmaticways:
“Noshoes,noshirt,andnoservice.”Othersfeelthatasingle,basiccodesharedbyallmakeslifesimplerandmorepleasantbyremovingmanychancesformisunderstandings.
Thewesternfamilyknew“takethetableasaclass”astradition.Fromthefirstdayofthechildrenatthetable,parentsbeganthe“dineeducation”tohelptheirchildrenbuildgoodtableetiquette.Generallyspeaking,childreninWesternbegantostudymealetiquettesystemwhentheywere2or3yearsold,andtheycanusetheseetiquettewhen4yearsold.Aboutfiveyearsoldchildrenarereadytodoessomethinginthemselvespower.Suchaspre-dinnersettableware,postprandialcleanupthetable,etc.
IIliteratureReview
2.1ChineseCookingCulture
Chinesecookinghascertaincommonfeatures,whichareprovedinitsstressonthefourmajorcharacteristicsofChinesecuisinethatarecolor,aroma,tasteandappearance.AccordingtoChinesetraditionandtheChineseculture,cookingisaspecialkindofart,reflectingthesenseofharmonyinaestheticsandbeauty.TheChinesecuisinerequiresthreeessentialfactors,orkeyelements,bywhichChinesecookingisknownasthecompletepresenceofaroma,colorandtaste.Thethreeessentialelementsareachievedbythecarefulcoordinationofatrainofexquisitelyfineactivities:
selectingmaterials,mixingflavors,andtimingthecooking,controllingtheheatandfinally,layingoutthefoodontheplateonthetable.ChinesecuisinereflectsChineseculture.Inmanyofthedishes,theChineseoftencontainmuchhistoricalandculturalinformation.ThefeaturesofChinesecookingpaymoreattentiontofinedetails.Chinesepeopleliketousemanycookingmethodstocookfoodwhichmakesdishesdelicate.
2.2WesternCookingCulture
DifferentwithChinesecookingculture,Westerncountrieshavearelativelysimplehistoryofcooking.Therearemanydifferencesonmanyaspects.Thewesterncookingputemphasisonnutrition,freshnessandeasinesstoprepare.ThesefactorshaveacloselinkwithnationalcharactersanddispositionsofWesternnations.Westernpeoplepayattentiontothenutritionoffood,andtheystrivetokeepeverynutritionalelementsbalance.NotasChinesewholiketoeatelegantbreakfastinthemorning,Westernersofteneatasimplesausageoracupofcoffee.TheWesternsarefondofcoldfood,colddishesordrinkonwinterorsummer.DifferentwithChinesepeople,theyholdthatcoldfoodishealthy.Westernersthoughtthatcookingisalsoakindofscienceanditstillneedsrules.Westernpeopleliketakinganordertobuyvegetablesandmeats.Theyholdthattheordercanleadthemtocooknutritionalmeal.However,thiswaymakeWesternfoodisshortofcharacteristics.AndChinesepeopletendtocookamealoptionally.Themajorreasonsforthisdifferencearethattheyhavedistinctnationalcharacteristics.
2.3RelevantStudiesatHomeandAbroad
TheChinesetableetiquettehasalonghistory,andenjoysahighreputationintheworld.Chinesepeoplestresstoeat,andtheydonotonlypayattentiontocookingmethodsbutalsoputemphasisontableetiquette.ManyChineseintellectualsdidsomeresearchesontableetiquettes.In1990s,aseriousofbookshaspublishedbyForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress,thereincludingAnIntroductiontoInterculturalCommunicationwhichwaswrotebyHuWenzhong(1999).HemadereferencetothedifferentetiquettesofbanquetsbetweenWesterncountriesandChina.ProfessorZhu(2006)usedonechaptertodevotetothesocialfunctions,thevariouscustomsofbanquetsandtheformsinbothChinaandotherwester
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