定语从句金高宋长珠.docx
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定语从句金高宋长珠.docx
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定语从句金高宋长珠
第七章定语从句
相关概念
主句、从句、关系词
例句:
ThisistheboywhowonthefirstprizeintheEnglishSpeechCompetition.
主句:
在含有定语从句的复合句中,除去定语从句后的部分,是句子的主句。
(例句中,Thisistheboy.是主句。
)
定语从句:
相当于形容词,修饰主句中的一个名词或代词(有时修饰整个主句,相当于主句的一个定语。
)(例句中,whowonthefirstprizeintheEnglishSpeechCompetition是定语从句,修饰theboy。
)
先行词:
先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等,它总是出现在定语从句的前面。
(例句中,theboy是先行词。
)
关系词:
关系词指用来引导定语从句的词,分为关系代词和关系副词。
(例句中,who是关系代词。
)
关系词的三个作用
作定语从句的一个句子成分。
起着连接主句和从句的作用(参看P.63考点5)。
代指被修饰的先行词。
(例句中,who作定语从句的主语,同时起着连接作用,在意思上,指代的是前面的先行词theboy。
)
关系代词
指人时可以用who,也可用that。
Doyouknowtheboywho/thatismydeskmate?
Themanwho/thatwaskilledintheaccidentisTom’suncle.
指物时可以用which,也可用that。
Ilikevisitingplaceswhich/thatarenotfaraway.
Howdoyoulikethefilmwhich/thatwasshownlastSunday.
whose可以指人也可以指物。
Hewasapainterwhosepictureswerenotwell-knowninhislifetime.
Thetreewhoseleavesareredwasplantedlastyear.
关系代词作宾语时可以省略。
Ilikethemealthat/which/()wehadlastnight.
Doyouknowtheboywho/whom/that/()wetalkedaboutjustnow?
注:
()表示关系代词省略
关系副词
关系副词在从句中只能作状语。
when指时间,where指地点,why指原因,how不能作关系词。
如:
Wewillputoffthepicnicuntilnextweekwhentheweathermaybebetter.
Hehasreachedthepointwhereachangeisneeded.
Thatisnoreasonwhyyoushouldleave.
ThisisthewayhowIdidit.(how不能作关系词)
基础过关
1.用合适的关系词完成句子。
Theman______/______washereyesterdayisapainter.
Theman______/______/______/______IsawiscalledSmith.
Achild______parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.
I’dlikearoom______windowlooksoutoverthesea.
Aletter______/______iswritteninpencilishardtoread.
Theletter______/______/______Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.
Thatistheboy______/______/______/______youarelookingfor.
Doyouknowthereason______hewaslateforthemeeting?
Thisistheschool______Iusedtostudy.
Istillremembertheday______wemetforthefirsttime.
2.用符号标出下列句子的主句、定语从句、先行词和关系词。
主句:
______定语从句:
()
先行词:
先行词关系词:
例:
Thisisthebook(thatIhavebeenlookingfor).
Themoviethatwesawlastnightisveryexciting.
Haveyouboughtthebookwhichwetalkedabout?
Istillrememberthedaywhichwespenttogetherlastweek.
Hestilllivesinthehousewhosewindowsfacesouth.
TheboywhosefatherisapolicemanspeaksEnglishmostfluentlyinourclass.
ThegirlwhoyoumetwasJohn’ssister.
Thereisnoreasonwhyweshouldn’tbefriends.
Theyarrivedintheearlymorningwhentheskywasstilldark.
Thedaysweregonewhenwehadtotravelonhorses.
Isthisthehospitalwhereyouwereborn?
关系词的选择
选用哪个关系词,关键是看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分
含有定语从句的复合句可以分为两部分:
主句和从句。
关系词是定语从句的一个成分。
选用关系词,要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分,而不是看先行词是什么词性。
HeworkedinthefactorywhichproducesTVsets.
Heworkedinthefactorywherehisfatherhadworked.
Iliketheschoolwhichisneartomyhome.
Iliketheschoolwheremysisterstudies.
在句1和句2中,先行词前都有in,但关系词有用which也有用where的;
在句3和句4中,先行词都是theschool,但关系词有用which也有用where的。
因此,我们可以看出,对关系词起决定性作用的并不是先行词。
在句1和句3中,关系词在定语从句中都是作主语,因此用的都是关系代词which;
在句2和句4中,关系词在定语从句中都是作状语,因此都是用关系副词where。
我们可以看出,用哪个关系词,主要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。
选用关系词的方法:
一“找”二“还”三“替换”
找:
就是找出主句、从句、先行词和关系词。
(参看本章第1讲)
还:
根据先行词提示的意思,大胆地把定语从句还原(答疑qq329950885)为完整的一句话。
(可以添词)
替换:
用关系词替换定语从句中还原后添加的部分,作主语和宾语用关系代词,作状语用关系副词。
(时间状语用when,地点状语用where,原因状语用why)(同初中时做的“对画线部分提问”相似,该用what的时候用which/that即可)
例如:
Thisistheschool______Ioncestudied.
Thisistheschool______isthemostfamousinthecity.
Iamstudyingataschool______myfatherteachesEnglish.
找:
(略)
还原:
根据先行词的提示,这三句话的定语从句还原成完整的一句话后分别为:
Ioncestudiedattheschool.
Theschoolisthemostfamousinthecity.
MyfatherteachesEnglishattheschool.
粗斜体部分为根据先行词的意思把关系词还原后的部分。
替换:
根据“对画线部分提问”的规则,1.和3.用where,2.本该用what,在定语从句中该用what的要换为which/that。
因此,答案为:
1.where;2.that/which;3.where
关系词一般要位于定语从句的句首
【2009江西】ThehouseIgrewup______hasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.
A.initB.inC.inthatD.inwhich
答案与分析:
A没有关系词,不能连接两句话;C介词后不能用that;D关系词一般不位于句末;而B可以看作是关系代词作宾语、放在句首并且省略了。
因此选B。
利用一“找”二“还”三“替换”的方法选择关系词
Isthisthereason______heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?
A.thatB.whatC.howD.why
Isthisthereason______hewassocarelessinhiswork?
A.thatB.whatC.howD.why
Thereason______hedidn’tcomewas______hewasill.
A.why;thatB.that;why
C.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what
Helivesinavillage______isnotfarfromthecity.
A.whichB.whereC.whatD.whose
Helivesinthevillage______hewasborn.
A.whichB.where
C.whatD.whose
Inanhour,wetraveltoplaces______couldhavetakenourancestorsdaystoreach.
A.whereB.when
C.whichD.what
Inanhour,wetraveltoplaces______wecanrelaxandgetrefreshed.
A.whereB.when
C.whichD.what
Theplace______interestedmemostwastheChildren’sPalace.
A.whichB.where
C.whatD.inwhich
Theplace______hehadagoodtimelastSundaywastheChildren’sPalace.
A.whichB.where
C.whatD.inwhere
I’llneverforgetthedays______westudiedtogether.
A.thatB./C.whenD.AandB
I’llneverforgetthedays______wespenttogether.
A.thatB./C.whenD.AandB
Ifwewanttohaveabrightfuture,wemustlearntoactinways______donotdoharmtootherlivingthings.
A.inwhichB./C.howD.that
Isthisthefactory______colorTVsetsareproduced?
A.whenB.theonewhere
C.thatD.inwhich
Isthisfactory______colorTVsetsareproduced?
A.whichB.theonewhere
C.thatD.inwhich
Thisisthefactory______producescolorTVsets.
A.whereB.theonewhere
C.thatD.inwhich
【2010天津】—CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut?
—Youshouldtrythebarber’s______Igo.It’sonly15.
A.asB.whichC.whereD.that
【2011陕西】Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,______weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.
A.whichB.whereC.whoD.that
【2011福建】Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmos-phereforherstudents______allowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.
A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who
【2012江西】By16:
30,______wasalmostclosingtime,nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensold.
A.whichB.whenC.whatD.that
【2013山东】Finallyhereachedalonelyisland______wascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.
A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whom
只能用that不能用which的情况
先行词是anything,something,nothing,everything等不定代词时
关系代词一般只用that,不用which。
I.Heneverreadsanything______isnotworthreading.
A.whichB.asC.whoD.that
II.Isthereanything______toyou?
A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongs
C.thatbelongD.whichbelongs
III.【2010全国2】Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething______wassomeoneelse’sfault.
A.whoB.thatC.asD.what
先行词是all,much,little,none或先行词被all,much,little,no,any修饰时
关系词只能用that,不能用which。
Allthepeoplethatarepresentburstintotears.
IV.Thesepeopleoncehadfameandfortune;now______islefttothemisutterpoverty.
A.allthatB.allwhat
C.allwhichD.thatall
V.Thereisnotmuch______canbedone.
A.thatB.which
C.whatD.how
VI.【2010浙江】______that’simportantisthatyouaredoingyourbestandmovingintherightdirection.
A.OneB.All
C.EverythingD.Anything
VII.Thereisnodifficulty______can’tbeovercomeintheworld.
A.thatB.which
C.whoD.what
VIII.Alltheapples______felldownwereeatenbythepigs.
A.thatB.those
C.whichD.what
IX.Youcantakeanyseat______isfree.
A.thatB./C.whichD.it
先行词被最高级、序数词以及thefirst,thelast,thevery,theonly,thesame修饰时
被这类词修饰时,关系代词常用that,不用which。
X.Themostimportantthing______weshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthing______Ihavesaid.
A.which;thatB.that;which
C.which;whichD.that;that
XI.Mywatchisnottheonlything______ismissing.
A.thatB.it
C.whichD.who
XII.TheTVplayIwatchedlastnightisthebestone______Ihavewatchedthisyear.
A.whichB.what
C.whoseD.that
XIII.Thisistheveryfilm______I’velongwishedtosee.
A.whichB.that
C.whoD.whom
XIV.Ilikethesecondfootballmatch______washeldlastweek.
A.whichB.who
C.thatD./
XV.Thisisthelasttime______Ishallcomeheretohelpyou.
A.thatB.which
C.whenD.what
XVI.It’sthethirdtime______latethismonth.
A.thatyouarrivedB.whenyouarrived
C.thatyou’vearrivedD.whenyou’vearrived
先行词有两个,一个指人,一个指物,关系代词用that
XVII.We’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist______wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.
A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that
XVIII.Boththegirlandherdog______werecrossingthestreetwerehitbyacomingcar.
A.whichB.whoC.theyD.that
XIX.Allthepassengersandsuitcases______werestillwaitingonthebrokendownbushadtobetransferredtoanotherlongdistancebus.
A.theyB.whoC.whichD.that
XX.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons______theyrememberedintheschool.
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what
注意:
关系副词不受这些规则的影响
只是(答疑qq329950885)在选用关系代词时才使用这些规则。
如:
XXI.【2010福建】StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet______lifehasdevelopedgradually.
A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whose
XXII.Thisisthesamehouse______hergrandfatherwasborn.
A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whose
其他有关关系词选择的规则
关系代词直接放在介词后面时,要用which,不用that;要用whom,不用who
第1章【2011湖南】JuliewasgoodatGerman,FrenchandRussian,allof______shespokefluently.
A.whoB.whomC.whichD.that
第2章【2008湖南】Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,______arebeyondourcontrol.
A.mostofthemB.mostofwhich
C.mostofwhatD.mostofthat
第3章Thisisthemus
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