春季课程外研版高一英语第4讲 必修三 Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia教案.docx
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春季课程外研版高一英语第4讲 必修三 Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia教案.docx
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春季课程外研版高一英语第4讲必修三Module4SandstormsinAsia教案
2018年春季课程外研版高一英语必修三
第4讲:
Module4SandstormsinAsia(120分钟)
一、课程介绍
知识点
1.重点词汇用法:
last/blow/sign/major/situation的用法
2.重点词组用法:
cutdown的用法
3.重点语法:
动词不定式
教学重点
1.各重点词汇及短语用法
2.动词不定式的用法
教学难点
动词不定式句法功能
二、要点回顾
Ⅰ.词汇短语
1.n.经验;经历;vt.经历
2.n.可能,可能性
3.adj.猛烈的;激烈的,暴力的
4._adj.可怕的,吓人的
5.adj.受潮水影响的,有涨落的
6._________adv幸运地,幸亏
7.__________n.喷发,(火山的)爆发
8.__________adj.积极的
9.__________n.&v.损害,损失
10._________v.埋葬
11._________n.家具
12._________vi.发生
13._________n.灾难
14.__________vt.&n.袭击
15.__________n.潮流,海流
16.__________adv.感激地,满怀感谢地
【答案】1.experience2.possibility3.violent4.terrifying5.tidal6.fortunately7.eruption8.active9.damage10.bury11.furniture12.occur13.disaster14.strike15.current16.thankfully
Ⅱ.活用句型
翻译下列句子
1.明天我们将向该城市发起攻击。
_________________________________________________.
2.坏天气把我们的假日全给搅了。
_________________________________________________.
3.这次车祸使他的车受到很大的损坏。
_________________________________________________.
4.吃一点东西也许能使你振作起来。
_________________________________________________.
【答案】
1.We will strike the town tomorrow.
2.Bad weather ruined our holidays.
3.The accident did a lot of damage to his car.
4.A bite of something might pick you up.
三、知识精要
1)词汇
frightening
adj.吓人的,使人害怕的
major
adj.主要的,大部分的
strength
n.力气,力量
concerned
adj.关心的,担心的
mass
adj.大量的,大规模的
urgent
adj.急迫的,紧急的
forecast
vt.预报,预告
complain
vi.抱怨,发牢骚
2)词组
cut down
砍倒,降低
dig up
挖出
be caught in
遭遇,受困于
prevent...(from)doing
阻止做某事
as a result of
由于
be concerned about
担心,忧虑
take in
吸收
give out
分发,用完,发出
in a word
简而言之
do one's best
尽力
improvethe environment
改善环境
put...into
把。
。
。
放入
takeaway
带走
the way to dosth.
做某事的方法
if possible
如果可能的话
allow s.b to do sth.
允许某人做某事
3)语法
【语法点一】so和such区别;so...that和such...that区别
such和so都可以用来表示程度,意思是“如此;这样”,但用法却不
相同。
1.such是形容词,用来修饰名词,名词前有无形容词都可以;so是副词,用来修饰形容词或副词,形容词后可以省略名词。
如:
He is such a(big)fool
他是个(大)傻瓜。
如:
He is so foolish(a man)
他是如此愚蠢(的一个人)。
2.单数名词前有不定冠词与形容词时,so和such的位置不同。
前者为“so+形容词+冠词+名词”,后者为“such +冠词+形容词+名词”
如:
I know such a clever boy.
我认识如此聪明的一个男孩。
如:
I know so clever a boy.
我认识如此聪明的一个男孩。
3.so后即使有形容词,也不能修饰复数名词或不数名词,而such则可以。
如:
They are such useful books.
它们是如此有用的书。
如:
He gave us such good food.
他给了我们这么好的食物。
4.名词前有表示“多、少”意义的many,much,few,little等修饰词时,要用so,不用such。
如:
There are so many flowers in our school garden.
我们学校的花园里有那么多的花。
如:
You'll find English a bridge to so much knowledge.
你会发现英语是通向如此丰富知识的桥梁。
如:
I have so little money that I can't lend you any.
我的钱很少,不能借给你。
5.当little表示“小”的意思修饰可数名词时,其前只能用such,不能用so。
如:
I have never seen such little sheep before.
我以前从没见过这么小的绵羊。
6.such..that和so..that的区别和用法
such…that„与so…that„都可以用来引导结果状语从句,意为“如此„„以致„„”。
(1)such是形容词,它所修饰的名词可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词;名词前面可以带形容词,也可以不带。
如果其后是单数可数名词,前面需加不定冠词a或an。
因此,such…that„的句型结构可分为以下三种:
①such+a(n)(+adj.)+单数可数名词+that从句。
如:
She is such a good teacher that all of us love and respect her.
她是一位很好的老师,我们都敬爱她。
如:
Table tennis is such an interesting game that people all over the world play it.
乒乓球是一项很有趣的运动,以致全世界的人都参加这项运动。
②such(+adj.)+复数可数名词+that从句。
如:
They are such interesting books that I want to read them once more.这些书非常有趣,我想再读一遍。
③such(adj.)+不可数名词+that从句。
如:
It was such bad weather that I had to stay at home.天气太坏,以致我不得不呆在家里。
(2)so是副词,与形容词或副词连用,其结构是:
so+adj.(adv.)+that从句。
如:
He ran so fast that I couldn’t catch up with him.
他跑得那么快,我赶不上他。
I am so sleepy that I can hardly keep my eyes open.
我太瞌睡了,眼睛几乎睁不开了。
注意:
①当名词前面有many,much,few,little等表示数量多少的限定词时,应该用so,而不能用such。
如:
There were so many people in the street watching the fire that firefighters could not get close to the building.
街上围观大火的人太多了,消防队员无法靠近大楼。
。
②当单数名词前有形容词时,既可用so,也可用such,但不定冠词的位置却有所不同。
如:
This is such an important meeting that you should attend it.(=This is so important a meeting that you should attend it.)
这是一次很重要的会议,你一定要参加。
后面不加,一般在前面加,详细分析如下:
so that引导目的状语从句时,表示“以便;为了”,从句中常使用can /could /may /might /will /would /should等情态动词或助动词;引导结果状语从句时,从句中一般不用can和may等词,在so that前可以用逗号,意思是“因此;所以,以致”。
如:
He got up very early so that he could catch the train.
他起得很早以便能赶上火车。
(目的状语从句)
He raised his voice,so that everyone heard him.
他提高了声音,结果大家都听见了。
(结果状语从句)
so...that意为“如此……以致”,只能引导结果状语从句,意为“如此……以致于”,其中so后面跟形容词、副词或由few,little,a little,many,much修饰的名词。
例如:
He ran so quickly that I couldn't catch up with him.
他跑得太快,我赶不上他。
The box costs so little that I can afford it.
这个箱子很便宜,我买得起
【语法点二】动词不定式
.1.动词不定式的基本形式是由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是not to do,
2.不定式可以带有自己的宾语或状语,构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化,不定式的逻辑主语用“for+名词或宾格代词”构成。
3.不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补足语。
4.不定式的时态和语态
一般式
完成式
进行式
不定式
主动
todo
tohavedone
tobedoing
被动
tobedone
tohavebeendone
(1)不定式的时态
①不定式所表达的动作与谓语动词同时发生或是在谓语动词之后发生时,不定式用一般式。
如:
He seems to be very angry.
他看起来很生气。
如:
I hope to see you again.
我想再见到你。
如:
They planned to employ some skilled workers. 他们计划雇佣一些熟练的工人。
②不定式所表达的动作与谓语动词同时发生,并强调动作正在进行或一直在持续,不定式用进行式。
如:
He pretended to be listening to English over the radio when I came in.
③不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前,不定式用完成式。
如:
I am sorry to have put you to so much trouble.
④如果强调不定式所表示的动作从过去某一时刻起一直持续到某一时刻,不定式用完成进行时,强调动作的持续性,不强调结果。
如:
She seems to have been reading the novel for three hours.
(2)不定式的语态:
当不定式的逻辑主语与不定式是被动关系时,不定式一般用被动式。
如:
The novel is said to have been translated into several languages.
5.不定式的句法功能
(1)不定式作主语
To say is one thing; to do is another.
说是一回事,做是另外一回事。
To see once is better than to hear a hundred times.
百闻不如一见。
注:
如果不定式太长,为使句子结构匀称,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语(不定式)放在后面,从而出现以下结构:
It+be+adj./ n.+to do sth.
如:
It is possible to make electricity by building a dam across the sea.
如果需要说明是谁发出不定式所表示的动作,则要在不定式前加上逻辑主语。
如:
It’s important for us to form good habits. 于是上述结构要改为:
It+be+adj. / n.+for sb. to do sth.
这个结构中的形容词如果是clever, foolish, silly, stupid, wise, unwise, kind, nice, rude, polite, impolite, careless, careful, cruel, crazy等,则应把其中的for改为of ,即:
It+be+adj. / n.+of sb. to do sth.
如:
It’s foolish of you to make such mistakes.
(2)不定式作表语
如:
At that time his job was to write reports for the newspaper.
(3)不定式作宾语:
在下列及物动词后,常跟不定式作宾语:
want, need, hope, wish, expect, manage, know, begin, start, intend, plan, decide, pretend, prefer, agree, refuse, learn ,fail, promise, desire, seek, attempt, ask等。
如:
We intended to collect some money for the project.
不定式作宾语时,如果后面有宾语补足语,通常用it作形式宾语,将不定式后置。
如:
I found it not easy to learn English well.
(4)不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语:
通常用于及物动词或动词短语之后。
如:
Jim told me to give his best wishes to everyone here.
①在部分感官动词及使役动词后,用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,常用的动词有
let,make,have, see, watch, notice, observe, look at, listen to, hear, feel等,help后面有无to都可以。
如:
The teacher had us recite the text every day.
把上面句子变成被动语态后,不定式成为句子的主语补足语,需要加上不定式符号to,即在被动语态中不定式一律带to,不存在省略问题。
如:
They were made to work all day and all night.
②在谓语动词think, consider, suppose, believe, imagine, prove, find等后面跟to be作宾语补足语,不跟to do,但其中有些可跟to have done作宾补。
如:
Imagine yourself (to be) in his place.
I suppose him to be about fifty.
We suppose him to have stolen it.
(5)不定式作定语:
不定式作定语时,与前面被修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系,如果不定式是不及物动词或所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。
如:
She was the first person to think of such a wonderful idea.(主谓关系)
I have a meeting to attend.(动宾关系)
Pass me a piece of paper to write on.
Please give me a knife to cut with.
(6)不定式作状语
①作目的状语。
如:
I got up early in order to catch the 6﹕30 train.
The boy ran all the way so as not to be late.
I have come here to say goodbye to you.
②作原因状语。
如:
He smiled to think of his clever plan.
They jumped with joy to hear the news.
③在某些形容词后面作状语。
例如:
I’m sorry to disturb you.
We are glad to have seen you.
The problem is easy to work out.
④作结果状语。
如:
The boy is too young to dress himself.
6..不定式省略“to”的情况
(1)当and或or连接同一概念的不定式时,或者当它们之间的关系并列时,可将and或or后面的to省去。
如:
I’d like to go and see a film.
He had to have a job or go hungry.
但是,有时为了表示对照,或加强语气,则不可以省去to
如:
It is easier to say than to do.
(2)不定式在一部分感官或使役动词后面作宾补省略to。
(3)不定式在介词but, except后面作介词宾语时,如果but, except前有行为动词do,那么but, except后面省略to
如:
They had nothing to do but wait for the doctor.The whole night he did nothing except watch TV
(4)在固定句型中
would rather do...than do...
prefer to do rather than do
如:
The bus was so crowded that I’d rather walk home than take a bus.
I prefer to play tennis rather than (play) basketball.
(5)to可以代表整个不定式:
有时为了避免重复,省去不定式后面的内容,保留不定式符号to,如果是to be/ have,保留到be或have
如:
I intended to take an umbrella, but I forgot to.
----Will you please give him a message when you see him?
-----I’ll be glad to.
----Would you like to go shopping with me?
----I’d like to.
链接高考
1.(2017全国卷1)Ineverfeltanurgeanysignlanguagebefore.
A.learnB.learningC.tolearnD.learnt
2.(2017全国卷1)Ionlylearnedhow thealphabetthatday.
A.tosignB.signedC.signingD.sign
3.(2017全国卷2)In1863thefirstundergroundpassengerrailwayintheworldopenedinLondon.Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopleterriblecrowdsontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoandfromwork.
A.avoidB.toavoidC.avoidingD.avoided
4.(2017全国卷2)Ittookthreeyearsandwasbuiltusinganinterestingmethod.
A.completeB.completingC.completedD.tocomplete
5.(2017全国卷2)However,therailwayquicklyprovedagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peoplewereusingiteveryday.Later,engineersmanagedrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道),whichbecameknownastheTube.
A.be;toconstructB.being;constructC.tobe;toconstructD.been;constructed
6.(2017全国卷2)Whensummercame,theywillinvitetheirstudentsthefreshvegetables!
A.topickB.pickingC.pickedD.pick
7.(2017全国卷3)Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofffulltimebeforegoingtouniversityadegreeinengineeringorarchitecture.
A.model;getB.modeling;got
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