专八人文常识辅导材料美国文学.docx
- 文档编号:9630672
- 上传时间:2023-02-05
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:21
- 大小:34.53KB
专八人文常识辅导材料美国文学.docx
《专八人文常识辅导材料美国文学.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《专八人文常识辅导材料美国文学.docx(21页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
专八人文常识辅导材料美国文学
AmericanLiterature:
AConciseHistory
I.Review
2005-2011真题中美国文学部分出现过哪些重要作家?
这些作家分别代表哪些文学流派?
如何高效地梳理美国文学简史?
1.Whowrotethefamouspamphlet,TheCommonSense,beforetheAmericanRevolution?
(2011)
A.ThomasJefferson.B.JohnAdams.
C.ThomasPaine.D.BenjaminFranklin.
2.WhichofthefollowingbestexploresAmericanmythinthe20thcentury?
(2011)
A.BeyondtheHorizon.B.TheSunAlsoRises.
C.TheSoundandtheFury.D.TheGreatGatsby.
3.TheFinancieriswrittenby______.(2010)
A.MarkTwainB.HenryJames
C.WilliamFaulknerD.TheodoreDreiser
4.Whoamongthefollowingisapoetoffreeverse?
(2009)
A.RalphWaldoEmerson.
B.WaltWhitman.
C.HermanMelville
D.TheodoreDreiser.
5.WhowroteTheAmerican?
(2008)
A.HermanMelvilleB.NathanielHawthorne
C.HenryJamesD.TheodoreDreiser日语图书
6.DeathofaSalesmanwaswrittenby____.(2007)
A.ArthurMillerB.ErnestHemingway
C.RalphEllisonD.JamesBaldwin
7.ThenovelForWhomtheBellTollsiswrittenby___.(2006)
A.ScottFitzgeraldB.WilliamFaulkner
C.EugeneO’NeilD.ErnestHemingway
8.WilliamSydneyPorter,knownasO’Henry,ismostfamousfor_____.(2005)
A.hispoemsB.hisplays
C.hisshortstoriesD.hisnovels
考点:
重要作家及其作品;作家及其作品类型、风格
已考体裁:
长篇小说4,短篇小说1,戏剧1,诗歌1,散文1(先把少量的戏剧诗歌散文领域的著名作家梳理清楚,再重点复习主流小说家,最后整理边缘作家如黑人作家和女性作家)
重要流派:
romanticism1,realism2,naturalism1,modernism3
重要作家:
TheodoreDreiser3,ErnestHemingway2,HenryJames2,HermanMelville2,WilliamFaulkner2,MarkTwain,RalphWaldoEmerson,WaltWhitman,NathanielHawthorne,ArthurMiller,ScottFitzgerald,EugeneO’Neil,O’Henry,F.S.Fitzgerald
讨论:
上述四大流派的大致历史时期?
将重要作家和流派进行匹配
II.HistoricalPeriods
1.ColonialPeriod:
17th~18th
2.RomanticPeriod:
endof18thtotheCivilWar★
3.TheAgeofRealism:
1865-1890★
4.TheAgeofNaturalism:
1890-1900★
5.ModernPeriod:
1912-1945★
6.PostwarRealism:
1950s-1960s
7.Postmodernism:
1960s-1980s
可按几次大的战争大致分段:
独立战争、南北战争(内战)、一战、二战
III.KeyFigures
1.BenjaminFranklin
2.JamesFenimoreCooper,WashingtonIrving;EdgarAllanPoe,WaltWhitman,EmilyDickinson/NathanielHawthorne,HermanMelville(R.W.Emerson,H.D.Thoreau)
3.O’Henry,HenryJames,MarkTwain
4.StephanCrane,TheodoreDreiser,JackLondon
5.EzraPound,T.S.Eliot,R.L.Frost/ErnestHemingway,F.S.Fitzgerald,SinclairLewis,JohnSteinbeck,WilliamFaulkner/EugeneO’Neill,TennesseeWilliams,ArthurMiller
6.JeromeSalinger
7.Nabokov
梳理清楚纵向的历史时期后,再细看各个时期重要作家。
从以下五个方面进行掌握:
代表的流派;擅长的体裁;代表作;作品风格;其它重要作品。
例如:
MarkTwain:
①Trend:
realism(localcolorism)②Genre:
fiction③Masterpiece:
TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn④DistinctiveStyle:
vernacularlanguage⑤OtherImportantWorks:
TheAdventuresofTomSawyer;LifeontheMississippi;TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty,etc.
IV.Sample
1.Americanliteratureproducedonlyonefemalepoetduringthe19thcentury.Shewas__________.
A.AnneBradstreetB.JaneAusten
C.KatherineAnnePorterD.EmilyDickinson
2.ThefirstAmericantowintheNobelPrizeforLiteraturewasasharpsocialcritic,whosenamewas__________.
A.T.S.EliotB.SinclairLewis
C.ErnestHemingwayD.WilliamFaulkner
3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTincludedinDreiser’s
trilogyofdesireconcerningtheruthlessnessof
capitalists?
A.TheGeniusB.TheFinancier
C.TheTitanD.TheStoic
4.WithHowells,James,andMarkTwainactiveonthescene,__________becamethemajortrendintheseventiesandeightiesofthenineteenthcentury.
A.sentimentalismB.romanticism
C.realismD.naturalism
5.From1732to1758,Franklinwroteandpublishedhisfamous__________,anannualcollectionofproverbs.
A.Autobiography
B.PoorRichard’sAlmanac
C.CommonSense
D.TheGeneralMagazine
6.“TheAmericanRenaissance”istheperiodof______inthehistoryofAmericanliterature.
A.localcolorismB.Romanticism
C.TranscendentalismD.Colonism
7._______istheonlyAmericanplaywrightawardedNobelPrizeofLiterature.
A.ArthurMillerB.EugeneO’Neill
C.TennesseeWilliamsD.SinclairLewis
8.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongto“BeatGeneration”?
A.JackKerouacB.F.S.Fitzgerald
C.AllenGinsbergD.WilliamBurroughs
9.__________isidentifiedasthefatherofmodernAmericanpoetry,whoalsoplaysanimportantroleintransmittingChineseculturetotheEnglish-speakingworld.
A.T.S.EliotB.RobertFrost
C.EzraPoundD.WaltWhitman
10.______isregardedasthepredecessorofdetectivestories.
A.EdgarAllanPoe
B.NathanielHawthorne
C.WashingtonIrving
D.O’Henry
11.StephenCrane’s________isthefirstnaturalistnovelinAmericanliterature.
A.TheRedBadgeofCourage
B.TheBlueHotel
C.Maggie,aGirloftheStreets
D.WarisKind
以下资料的整理参考了《美国文学大纲》一书,吴定柏编著,上海外语教育出版社,1998。
此书为八级考试美国文学部分的权威参考书。
I.ColonialPeriod:
17th~18th
TheinfluenceofPuritanismonwriting:
fresh,simpleandplain
traceabletothedirectinfluenceoftheBible
frequentreferencetothetechniqueofsymbolism
AnneBradstreet
TheTenthMuseLatelySprungupinAmerica
MichaelWigglesworth
TheDayofDoom
EdwardTaylor:
ametaphysicalpoet
BenjaminFranklin:
thespokesmanoftheAmericanEnlightenment(AgeofReason/GreatAwakening);createdtheimageoftheYankee
pseudonym:
SilenceDogood
PoorRichard’sAlmanac
Autobiography
ThomasPaine(hisstyle:
plain)
CommonSense—thefirstpamphleturgingimmediateindependencefromBritain;hismostfamouspamphlet;thegreatestoftheRevolutionarypamphlets
PhilipFreneau
ThefirstAmerican-bornpoet;PoetoftheAmericanRevolution
Theme:
nationalism
ThebeginningofAmericanRomanticism
II.RomanticPeriod:
1)EarlyRomantics
NewEnglandPoets(Fireside/SchoolroomPoets):
HenryWadsworthLongfellow
ThesongofHiawatha—thefirstAmericanepicinblankverseabouttheAmericanIndians
ThefirstAmericanpoettobehonoredbyhavinghisbustplacedinthePoets’CornerofWestminsterAbbey
WilliamCullenBryant:
theAmericanWordsworth
Thanatopsis(ponderingondeath)—hisgreatestpoem
Novelist:
JamesFenimoreCooper:
thefirstsuccessfulAmericannovelist
32novels
3kinds:
abouttherevolutionarypast—TheSpy
aboutthesea—Thepilot
★aboutthefrontier—TheLeatherstockingTales(ThePioneers,TheLastoftheMohicans,ThePrairie,ThePathfinder,andTheDeerslayer;protagonist:
NattyBumppo--“theessentialAmericansoul”byD.H.Lawrence)
StoryWriterandProseStylist:
WashingtonIrving
TheSketchBookwonhiminternationalfame
“RipVanWinkle”&“TheLegendofSleepyHollow”
“Crayon”style
IntroducedthefamiliaressaytoAmerica
II.RomanticPeriod:
2)Transcendentalists
NewEnglandTranscendentalism=AmericanRenaissance
Features:
Itstressedthepowerofintuition.
Itplacedspiritfirstandmattersecond.
IttooknatureassymbolicofspiritorGod.
Itemphasizedthesignificanceoftheindividual.
Itenvisionedreligionasanemotionalcommunicationbetweenanindividualsoulandtheuniversal“Oversoul”.
Itheldthatcommercewasdegrading.
TheTranscendentalClub&theirjournalTheDial
Essayists:
RalphWaldoEmerson
Transcendentalism’smostseminalforce
TheLyceumMovement
Nature—“themanifestoofAmericantranscendentalism”
TheAmericanScholar—“America’sDeclarationofIntellectualIndependence”
HenryDavidThoreau
Hisfirstmajorinfluence:
nonviolentstruggleasexpressedinhis“CivilDisobedience”
Hissecondmajorinfluence:
callof“BacktoNature”
Walden—aclassicofAmericanprose;readslikeadiaryofanaturelover
Symbolism
II.RomanticPeriod:
3)HighRomantics
EdgarAllanPoe
Literarytheories:
1)AtheoryofPoetry
Themostimportantpurposeofpoetryisthecreationofbeauty(Englishasamediumofpuremusicalandrhythmicbeauty).
Thetoneofitshighestmanifestationisoneofsadness.
Thedeathofabeautifulwomanisthemostpotentialtopic.
death–predominantthemeinPoe’swriting
“Poeisnotinterestedinanythingalive.EverythinginPoe’swritingsisdead.”
2)AboutHisFiction
Thementalworldofthepeopleshouldbeilluminated.
Theprincipleofconcentrationandthematictotalityshouldbestressed.
Truthratherthanbeautyisoftentheaimofthetale.
Literaryachievements:
TheRaven—hismostfamousnarrativepoem
Detectivestories,ratiocinativestories&sciencefiction
TheMurdersintheRueMorgue
TheFalloftheHouseofUsher
TheMasqueoftheRedDeath
WaltWhitman
LeavesofGrass(9editions)—America’sfirstgenuineepicpoem
Style:
freeverse
Theenvelopestructure,cataloguetechnique,thoughtrhythm
RepresentsaturningpointinthehistoryofAmericanpoetry
EmilyDickinson
Forthewhole19thcenturyshewastheonlywomanpoetwhoenjoyshighacademicesteemtoday.
Poems
Themes:
religion–doubtandbeliefaboutreligioussubjects
deathandimmortality
love–sufferingandfrustrationcausedbylove
physicalaspectofdesire
nature–kindandcruel
freewillandhumanresponsibility
NathanielHawthorne—thefirstAmericanromancer;thefirstmajornovelistinEnglishtowedmoralitytoart
Hisnovelswereperhapsthedeepestandmostpsychologicalinthe19thcentury.
TheScarletLetter
HesterPrynne,Pearl,Chillingworth,Dimmesdale
Pointofview:
Evilisatthecoreofhumanlife.Whereverthereissin,thereispunishment.Sinorevilcanbepassedfromgenerationtogeneration.
HermanMeiville—anadventurewriter,knownas“amanwholivedwithcannibals”
MobyDick—thefirstAmericanproseepic;thegreatestAmericannovelbysomecritics
Asymboltorepresentcruel,brutal,maliciousp
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 人文 常识 辅导材料 美国 文学