英语1679原文.docx
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英语1679原文.docx
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英语1679原文
一FromCompetencetoCommitment
1.Today'sstudentshaveambiguousfeelingsabouttheirroleintheworld.Theyaredevotingtheirenergiestowhatseemsmostrealtothem:
thepursuitofsecurity,theaccumulationofmaterialgoods.Theyarestrugglingtoestablishthemselves,buttheyoungpeoplealsoadmittedtoconfusion:
Whereshouldtheyputtheirfaithinthisuncertainage?
Undergraduatesaresearchingforidentityandmeaningand,liketherestofus,theyaretorn(被烦扰)byidealism(理想主义)ofserviceontheonehand,andonthehand,thetemptationtoretreatintoaworldthatneverrisesaboveself-interests.
2.Intheend,thequalityoftheundergraduateexperience(=education)istobemeasuredbythewillingnessofgraduatestobesociallyandcivicallyengaged.ReinholdNiebuhroncewrote,"Mancannotbeholdexcepthebecommitted".Hecannotfindhimselfwithoutfindingacenterbeyondhimself."Theidealismoftheundergraduateexperiencemustreflectitselfinloyaltiesthattranscendself.Isittoomuchtoexpectthat,eveninthishard-edged,competitiveage,acollegegraduatewithlivewithintegrity真诚,civility有礼貌-evencompassion同情心?
Isitappropriatetohopethatthelessonslearnedinaliberaleducation通识教育willrevealthemselvesinthehumanenessofthegraduate'srelationshipwithothers?
3.Clearly,thecollegegraduatehascivicobligationstofulfill.ThereisurgentneedinAmericanteachingtohelpclosethedangerousandgrowinggapbetweenpublicpolicyandpublicunderstanding.Theinformationrequiredtothinkconstructivelyabouttheagendasofgovernmentseemsincreasinglybeyondourgrasp.Itisnolongerpossible,manyargue,toresolvecomplexpublicissuesthroughcitizenparticipation.How,theyask,cannon-specialistsdebatepolicychoicesofconsequencewhentheydonotevenknowthelanguage?
4.Shouldtheuseofnuclearenergybeexpandedorcutback?
Cananadequatesupplyofwaterbeassured?
Howcanthearmsracebebroughtundercontrol?
Whatisasafelevelofatmosphericpollution?
Eventhesemi-metaphysicalquestionsofwhenahumanlifebeginsandendshaveitemsonthepoliticalagenda.
5.CitizenshavetriedwithsimilarbafflementtofollowthedebateoverStarWarswithitshighlytechnicaljargonofdeterrenceandcounter-deterrence.Evenwhatonceseemedtobereasonablylocalmatters---zoningregulations,schooldesegregation,drainageproblemspublictransportationissues,licensingrequestsfromcompetingcabletelevisioncompanies-callforspecialistswhodebatetechnicalitiesandfrequentlyconfuseratherthanclarifytheissues.Andyettheverycomplexityofpublicrequiresmorenotlessinformationmorenotlessparticipation.
6.Forthosewhocareaboutgovernmentbythepeople,thedeclineinpublicunderstandingcannotgounchallenged.Inaworldwherehumansurvivalisatstake,ignoranceisnotanacceptablealternative.Thefullcontrolofpolicybyspecialistswithlimitedperspectiveisnottolerable.Unlesswefindbetterwaystoeducateourselvesascitizens,unlesshardquestionsareaskedandsatisfactoryanswersareoffered,werunriskofmakingcriticaldecisions,notonthebasisofwhatweknow,butonthebasisofblindfaithinoneoranothersetofprofessedexperts.
7.Whatweneedtodayaregroupsofwell-informed,caringindividualswhobandtogetherinthespiritofcommunitytoleanfromoneanother,toparticipate,ascitizens,inthedemocraticprocess.
8.Weneedconcernedpeoplewhoareparticipantsininquiry,whoknowhowtoasktherightquestions,whounderstandtheprocessbywhichpublicpolicyisshaped,andarepreparedtomakeinformeddiscriminatingjudgmentsonquestionsthateffectthefuture.Obviously,nooneinstitutioninsocietycansingle-handedlyprovidestheleadershipwerequire.Butweareconvinced确信thattheundergraduatecollege,perhapsmorethananyotherinstitutions,isobligedto有责任有义务providetheenlightened开明的leadershipournationurgentlyrequiresifgovernmentbythepeopleistoendure.
9.Tofulfillthisurgentobligation,theperspectiveneededisnotonlynational,butalsoglobal.Today'sstudentsmustbeinformedaboutpeopleandculturesotherthantheirown.Sincemanhasorbitedintospace,ithasbecomedramaticallyapparentthatweareallcustodians看守人ofasingleplanet.Inthepasthalfcentury,ourplanethasbecomevastlymorecrowded,moreinterdependent,互相依赖的andmoreunstable.Ifstudentsdonotseebeyondthemselvesandbetterunderstandtheirplaceinourcomplexworld,theircapacitytoloveresponsiblywillbedangerouslydiminished.
10.Theworldmaynotyetbeavillage,butsurelyoursenseofneighborhoodmustexpand.Whendrought干旱ravagestheSahara,whenwarinIndo-Chinacreatesrefugees难民,neitherourcompassion同情心norouranalyticintelligencecanbeboundedbyadottedlineonapoliticalmap.Wearebeginningtounderstandthathungerandhumanrightsaffectalliancesasdecisivelyasweaponsandtreaties.Dwarfingallotherconcerns,themushroomcloudhangsominouslyoverourworldconsciousness.Theserealitiesandtheobligationstheyimposemustbeunderstoodbyeverystudent.
11.Butduringourstudywefoundoncampusadisturbinglackofknowledgeandevenattimesaclimateofindifferenceaboutourworld.Refugeesflowfromonecountrytoanother,buttoofewstudentscanpointtothesegreatmigrationsonamaportalkaboutthefamines饥荒,wars,orpovertythatcausedthem.Philosophers,statesmen,inventorsandartistsfromaroundtheworldenrichourlives,butsuchindividualsandtheircontributionsarelargelyunknownorunremembered.
12.Whilesomestudentshaveaglobalperspective,thevastmajority,althoughvaguelyconcerned,areinadequatelyinformedabouttheinterdependentworldinwhichtheylive.
13.UniversityofNotreDamecampusministerWilliamTooheywroterecently,"Thetroublewithmanycolleaguesisthattheyindulgethenestinginstinctbybuildingprotectedlittlecommunitiesinsidetheirgreatwalls."
14.Onepointemergeswithstarkclarityfromallwehavesaid:
Ourworldhasundergoneimmensetransformations变化.Ithasbecomeamorecrowded,moreinterconnected,moreunstableplace.AnewgenerationofAmericansmustbeeducatedforlifeinthisincreasinglycomplexworld.Iftheundergraduatecollegecannothelpstudentsseebeyondthemselvesandbetterunderstandtheinterdependentnatureofourworld,eachnewgenerationwillremainignorant,anditscapacitytoliveconfidentlyandresponsiblywillbedangerouslydiminished.
15.Throughoutourstudywewereimpressedthatwhattoday'scollegeisteachingmostsuccessfullyiscompetence---competenceinmeetingschedules,ingatheringinformation,inrespondingwellontests,inmasteringthedetailsofaspecialfield.Todaythecapacitytodealsuccessfullywithdiscreteproblemsishighlyprized.Andwhenweaskedstudentsabouttheireducation,they,almostwithoutexception,spokeaboutthecreditstheyhadearnedorthecoursestheystillneededtocomplete.
16.Buttechnicalskill,ofwhateverkind,leavesopenessentialquestions:
Educationforwhatpurpose?
Competencetowhatend?
Atatimeinlifewhenvaluesshouldbeshapedandpersonalprioritiessharplyprobed,whatatragedyitwouldbeifthemostdeeplyfeltissues,themosthauntingquestionsthemostcreativemomentswerepushedtothefringesofourinstitutionallife.Whatamonumentalmistakeitwouldbeifstudents,duringtheundergraduateyears,remainedtrappedwithintheorganizationalgroovesandnarrowroutinestowhichtheacademicworldsometimesseemsexcessivelydevoted.
17.Studentscometocampusatatimeofhighexpectancy期望.Andyet,alltoooftentheybecomeenmeshed使陷入inroutinesthataredeadening麻木anddistracting分心.Aswetalkedwithteachersandstudents,weoftenhadtheuncomfortablefeelingthatthemostvitalissuesoflife---thenatureofsociety,therootsofsocialinjusticeindeedtheveryprospectsforhumansurvival---aretheoneswithwhichtheundergraduatecollegeisleastequippedtodeal(withthemostvitalissuesoflife,undergraduateeducationisleastpreparedtoaddress).
18.Theoutcomesofcollegiateeducationshouldbemeasuredbythestudent'sperformanceintheclassroomasheorshebecomesproficientintheuseofknowledge,acquiresasolidbasiceducation,andbecomescompetentinaspecificfiled.Further,theimpactoftheundergraduateexperienceistobeassessedbytheperformanceofthegraduateintheworkplaceandfurthereducation.
19.Butintheend,studentsmustbeinspiredbyalargervision,usingtheknowledgetheyhaveacquiredtodiscoverpatterns,formvalues,andadvancethecommongood.Theundergraduateexperienceatitsbest(=atone'shighestlevelofskill)willmovethestudentfromcompetencetocommitment.
20.Arecentcollegegraduatewroteaboutthecommitmentsofyoungpeopleandtheirfuture,Sheasks:
"Whatkindofnationwillwebeifwecannotevencommitourselvestootherpeople,muchless(=certainlynot)toasetofabstractvalues?
Whatkindsofpoliticianswillweelectifself-interestisourhighestvalue,humanityaninoperativecommodity?
"
21.Whenallissaidanddone,thecollegeshouldencourageeachstudenttodevelopthecapacitytojudgewiselyinmattersoflifeandconduct.Timemustbetakenforexploringambiguitiesandreflectingontheimponderablesoflife-inclassrooms,intherathskellers(=bar),andinbullsessionslateatnight.Thegoalisnottoindoctrinatestudents,buttosetthemfreeintheworldofideasandprovideaclimateinwhichethicalandmoralchoicescanbethoughtfullyexamined,andconvictionsformed.
22.Thisimperativedoesnotreplacetheneedforrigorousstudyinthedisciplines,butneithermustspe
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