管理类联考英语真题+答案详解.docx
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管理类联考英语真题+答案详解.docx
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管理类联考英语真题+答案详解
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考
英语试卷二
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark,A.B.CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10points)
WhydopeoplereadnegativeInternetcommentsanddootherthingsthatwillobviouslybepainful?
Becausehumanshaveaninherentneedto___1___uncertainty,accordingtoarecentstudyinPsychologicalScience.Thenewresearchrevealsthattheneedtoknowissostrongthatpeoplewill___2___tosatisfytheircuriosityevenwhenitiscleartheanswerwill___3___.
Inaseriesoffourexperiments,behavioralscientistsattheUniversityofChicagoBoothSchoolOfBusinessandtheWisconsinSchoolofBusinesstestedstudents'willingnessto___4___themselvestounpleasantstimuliinanefforttosatisfycuriosity.Forone___5___,eachparticipantwasshownapileofpensthattheresearcherclaimedwerefromapreviousexperiment.Thetwist?
Halfofthepenswould___6___anelectricshockwhenclicked.
Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwhichpenswererigged;anothertwenty-sevenweretoldonlythatsomewereelectrified.___7___leftaloneintheroom,thestudentswhodidnotknowwhichoneswouldshockthemclickedmorepensandincurredmorejoltsthanthestudentswhoknewwhatwould___8___.Subsequentexperimentsreplicatedthiseffectwithotherstimuli,___9___thesoundoffingernailsonachalkboardandphotographsofdisgustinginsects.
Thedriveto___10___isdeeplyingrainedinhumans,muchthesameasthebasicdrivesfor___11___orshelter,saysChristopherHseeoftheUniversityofChicago,aco-authorofthepaper.Curiosityisoftenconsideredagoodinstinct—itcan___12___newscientificadvances,forinstance—butsometimessuch___13___canbackfire.Theinsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodo___14___thingsisaprofoundone.
Unhealthycuriosityispossibleto___15___,however.Inafinalexperiment,participantswhowereencouragedto___16___howtheywouldfeelafterviewinganunpleasantpicturewerelesslikelyto___17___toseesuchanimage.Theseresultssuggestthatimaginingthe___18___offollowingthroughonone'scuriosityaheadoftimecanhelpdetermine___19___itisworththeendeavor.“Thinkingaboutlong-term___20___iskeytomitigatingthepossiblenegativeeffectsofcuriosity,”Hesays.Inotherwords,don'treadonlinecomments.
1.AresolveB.protectC.discussD.ignore
2.ArefuseB.waitC.seekD.regret
3.A.riseB.lastC.misleadD.hurt
4.A.alertB.tieC.exposeD.treat
5.A.messageB.trialC.reviewD.concept
6.A.removeB.weakenC.deliverD.interrupt
7.A.UnlessB.IfC.ThoughD.When
8.A.happenB.continueC.disappearD.change
9.AratherthanB.suchasC.regardlessD.owingto
10.A.disagreeB.forgiveC.forgetD.discover
11.A.payB.marriageC.foodD.school
12.A.beginwithB.restonC.learnfromD.leadto
13.A.withdrawalB.inquiryC.persistenceD.diligence
14.A.self-destructiveB.self-reliantC.self-evidentD.self-deceptive
15.A.resistB.defineC.replaceD.trace
16.A.predictB.overlookC.designD.conceal
17.A.rememberB.chooseC.promiseD.pretend
18.A.reliefB.planC.outcomeD.duty
19.A.whetherB.whyC.whereD.how
20.A.limitationsB.InvestmentsC.strategiesD.consequences
【答案】
1.Aresolve
2.Cseek
3.Dhurt
4.Cexpose
5.Btrial
6.Cdeliver
7.Dwhen
8.Ahappen
9.Bsuchas
10.Ddiscover
11.Cfood
12.Dleadto
13.Binquiry
14.Aself-destructive
15.Aresist
16.Apredict
17.Bchoose
18.Coutcome
19.Awhether
20.Dconsequences
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourpassages.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
ItiscuriousthatStephenKoziatekfeelsalmostasthoughhehastojustifyhiseffortstogivehisstudentsabetterfuture.
Mr.Koziatekispartofsomethingpioneering.HeisateacherataNewHampshirehighschoolwherelearningisnotsomethingofbooksandtestsandrotememorization,butpractical,reportsstaffwriterStacyTeicherKhadaroointhisweek’scoverstory.Whendiditbecomeacceptedwisdomthatstudentsshouldbeabletonamethe13thpresidentoftheUnitedStatesbutbeutterlybamboozledbyabustedbikechain?
AsKoziatekknows,thereislearninginjustabouteverything.Nothingisnecessarilygainedbyforcingstudentstolearngeometryatagraffitideskstuckwithgenerationsofdiscardedchewinggum.Theycanalsolearngeometrybyassemblingabicycle.
Buthe’salsofoundakindofinsidiousprejudice.Workingwithyourhandsisseenasalmostamarkofinferiority.Schoolsinthefamilyofvocationaleducation“havethatstereotype...thatit’sforkidswhocan’tmakeitacademically,”hesays.
Ononehand,thatviewpointisalogicalproductofAmerica’sevolution.Manufacturingisnottheeconomicenginethatitoncewas.ThejobsecuritythattheUSeconomyonceofferedtohighschoolgraduateshaslargelyevaporated.Moreeducationisthenewmantra.Wewantmoreforourkids,andrightfullyso.
Buttheheadlongpushintobachelor’sdegreesforall–andthesubtledevaluingofanythingless–missesanimportantpoint:
That’snottheonlythingtheAmericaneconomyneeds.Yes,abachelor’sdegreeopensmoredoors.Butevennow,54percentofthejobsinthecountryaremiddle-skilljobs,suchasconstructionandhigh-skillmanufacturing,accordingtotheNationalSkillsCoalition,anonprofitadvocacygroup.Butonly44percentofworkersareadequatelytrained.
Inotherwords,atatimewhentheworkingclasshasturnedthecountryonitspoliticalhead,frustratedthattheopportunitythatoncedefinedAmericaisvanishing,oneobvioussolutionisstaringusintheface.Thereisagapinworking-classjobs,buttheworkerswhoneedthosejobsmostaren’tequippedtodothem.Koziatek’sManchesterSchoolofTechnologyHighSchoolistryingtofillthatgap.
Koziatek’sschoolisawake-upcall.Wheneducationbecomesone-size-fits-all,itrisksoverlookinganation’sdiversityofgifts.
21.Abrokanbikechainismentionedtoshowstudents’lackof___
A.mechanicalmemorization
B.academictraining
C.practicalability
D.pioneeringspirit
22.Thereexiststheprejudicethatvocationaleducationisforkidswho___
A.arefinanciallydisadvantaged
B.arenotacademicallysuccessful
C.haveastereotypedmind
D.havenocareermotivation
23.WecaninferfromParagraph5thathighschoolgraduates___
A.areentitledtomore“educationalprivileges”
B.arereluctanttoworkinmanufacturing
C.usedtohavemorejobopportunities
D.usedtohavebigfinancialconcerns
24.Theheadlongpushintobachelor’sdegreesforall___
A.helpscreatealotofmiddle-skilljobs
B.maynarrowthegapinworking-classjobs
C.isexpectedtoyieldabetter-trainedworkforce
D.indicatestheovervaluingofhighereducation
25.Theauthor’sattitudetowardKoziate’sschoolcanbedescribedas___
A.supportive
B.disappointed
C.tolerant
D.cautious
Test2
Whilefossilfuels–coal,oil,gas–stillgenerateroughly85percentoftheworld’senergysupply,it’sclearerthaneverthatthefuturebelongstorenewablesourcessuchaswindandsolar.Themovetorenewableispickingupmomentumaroundtheworld:
Theynowaccountformorethanhalfofnewpowersourcesgoingonline.
Somegrowthstemsfromacommitmentbygovernmentsandfarsightedbusinessestofundcleanerenergysources.Butincreasinglythestoryisabouttheplummetingpricesofrenewable,especiallywindandsolar.Thecostofsolarpanelshasdroppedby80percentandthecostofwindturbinesbyclosetoone-thirdinthepasteightyears.
Inmanypartsoftheworldrenewableenergyisalreadyaprincipalenergysource.InScotland,forexample,windturbinesprovideenoughelectricitytopower95percentofhomes.Whiletherestoftheworldtakesthelead,notablyChinaandEurope,theUnitedStatesisalsoseeingaremarkableshift.InMarch,forthefirsttime,windandsolarpoweraccountedformorethan10percentofthepowergeneratedintheUS,reportedtheUSEnergyInformationAdministration.
PresidentTrumphasunderlinedfossilfuels–especiallycoal–asthepathtoeconomicgrowth.InarecentspeechinIowa,astatehewoneasilyin2016,hedismissedwindpowerasanunreliableenergysource.ButthatmessagedidnotplaywellwithmanyinIowa,wherewindturbinesdotthefieldsandprovide36percentofthestate’selectricitygeneration–andwheretechgiantssuchasFacebook,Microsoft,andGooglearebeingattractedbytheavailabilityofcleanenergytopowertheirdatacenters.
Thequestion“whathappenswhenthewinddoesn’tbloworthesundoesn’tshine?
”hasprovidedaquickput-downforskeptics.Butaboostinthestoragecapacityofbatteries,andadramaticdropintheircost,ismakingtheirabilitytokeeppowerflowingaroundtheclockmorelikely.
Theadvanceisdriveninpartbyvehiclemanufacturers,whoareplacingbigbetsonbattery-poweredelectricvehicles.Althoughelectriccarsarestillararityonroadsin2017,thismassiveinvestmentcouldchangethepicturerapidlyincomingyears.
Whilethere’salongwaytogo,thetrendlinesforrenewablearespiking.Thepaceofchangeinenergysourcesappearstobespeedingup–perhapsjustintimetohaveameaningfuleffectinslowingclimatechange.WhatWashingtondoes–ordoesn’tdo–topromotealternativeenergymaymeanlessandlessatatimeofaglobalshiftinthought.
26.Theword“plummeting”(line3.para2)isclosestinmeaningto______.
A.r
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