考研英语二试题含答案.docx
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考研英语二试题含答案.docx
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考研英语二试题含答案
2021年考研英语二试题
SectionⅠUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,C
orDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
It'snotdifficulttosettargetsforstaff.Itismuchharder,1,tounderstandtheirnegative
consequences.Mostwork-relatedbehaviorshavemultiplecomponents.2oneandtheothers
becomedistorted.TravelonaLondonbusandyou'll3seehowthisworkswithdrivers.Watchpeoplegetonandshowtheirtickets.Aretheycarefullyinspected?
Never.Dopeoplegetonwithoutpaying?
Ofcourse!
Arethereinspectorsto4thatpeoplehavepaid?
Possibly,butveryfew.Andpeoplewhorunforthebus?
Theyare5.Howaboutjumpinglights?
Busesdosoalmostasfrequentlyascyclists.Why?
Becausethetargetis6.Peoplecomplainedthatbuseswerelateandinfrequent.7,thenumberofbusesandbuslaneswereincreased,anddriverswere8orpunishedaccordingtothetimetheytook.Anddrivershitthesetargets.Butthey9hitcyclists.Ifthetargetwaschangedto10,youwouldhavemoreinspectorsandmoresensitivepricing.Ifthecriterionchangedtosafety,youwouldgetmore11driverswhoobeyedtrafficlaws.Butboththesecriteriawouldbeattheexpenseoftime.Thereisanother12:
peoplebecameimmenselyinventiveinhittingtargets.Haveyou13thatyoucanleaveonaflightanhourlatebutstillarriveontime?
Tailwinds?
Ofcoursenot!
Airlineshavesimplychangedthetimea14ismeanttotake.Aone-hourfightisnowballadasatwo-hourflight.The15ofthestoryissimple.Mostjobsaremultidimensional,withmultiplecriteria.Chooseonecriterionandyoumaywell16others.EverythingCanbedonefasterandmadecheaper,butthereisa17.Settingtargetscananddoeshaveunforeseennegativeconsequences.Thisisnotanargumentagainsttarget-setting.Butitisanargumentforexploringconsequencesfirst.Allgoodtargetsshouldhavemultiplecriteria18criticalfactorssuchastime,money,qualityandcustomerfeedback.Thetrickisnotonlyto19justoneoreventwodimensionsoftheobjective,butalsotounderstandhowtohelppeoplebetter20theobjective.
1.[A]therefore
[B]however
[C]again
[D]moreover
2.[A]Emphasizes
[B]Identify
[C]Asses
[D]Explain
3.[A]nearly
[B]curiously
[C]eagerly
[D]quickly
4.[A]claim
[B]prove
[C]check
[D]recall
5.[A]threatened
[B]ignored
[C]mocked
[D]blamed
6.[A]punctuality
[B]hospitality
[C]competition
[D]innovation
7.[A]Yes
[B]So
[C]Besides
[D]Still
8.[A]hired
[B]trained
[C]rewarded
[D]grouped
9.[A]only
[B]rather
[C]once
[D]also
10.[A]comfort
[B]revenue
[C]efficiency
[D]security
11.[A]friendly
[B]quiet
[C]cautious
[D]diligent
12.[A]purpose
[B]problem
[C]prejudice
[D]policy
13.[A]reported
[B]revealed
[C]admitted
[D]noticed
14.[A]break
[B]trip
[C]departure
[D]transfer
15.[A]moral
[B]background
[C]style
[D]form
16.[A]interpret
[B]criticize
[C]sacrifice
[D]tolerate
17.[A]task
[B]secret
[C]product
[D]cast
18.[A]leadingto
[B]callingfor
[C]relatingto
[D]accountingfor
19.[A]specify
[B]predict
[C]restore
[D]create
20.[A]modify
[B]review
[C]present
[D]achieve
正确答案:
1.[B]however
2.[A]Emphasize
3.[D]quickly
4.[C]check
5.[B]ignored
6.[A]punctuality
7.[B]So
8.[C]rewarded
9.[D]also
10.[B]revenue
11.[C]cautious
12.[B]problem
13.[D]noticed
14.[B]trip
15.[B]background
16.[C]sacrifice
17.[D]cost
18.[C]relatingto
19.[A]specify
20.[D]achieve
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.
MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
‘Reskilling’issomethingthatsoundslikeabuzzwordbutisactuallyarequirementifweplan
tohaveafuturewherealotofwould-beworkersdonotgetleftbehind.
Weknowwearemovingintoaperiodwherethejobsindemandwillchangerapidly,aswill
therequirementsofthejobsthatremainResearchbytheWEFdetailedintheHarvardBusiness
Review,findsthatonaverage42percentofthe“coreskills"withinjobroleswillchangeby2022.
Thatisaveryshorttimeline,sowecanonlyimaginewhatthechangeswillbefurtherinthe
future.
Thequestionofwhoshouldpayforreskillingisathornyone.Forindividualcompanies,the
temptationisalwaystoletgoofworkerswhoseskillsarenolongerindemandandreplacethem
withthosewhoseskillsare.Thatdoesnotalwayshappen.AT&Tisoftengivenasthegold
standardofacompanywhodecidedtodoamassivereskillingprogramratherthangowitha
fire-and-hirestrategy.Othercompanieshadalsopledgedtocreatetheirownplans.Whentheskills
mismatchisinthebroadereconomy.Though,thefocususuallytumstogovernmenttohandle.
EffortsinCanadaandelsewherehavebeenarguablylanguidatbest.Andhavegivenusasituation
wherewefrequentlyhearofemployersbeggingforworkers.Evenattimesandinregionswhere
unemploymentishigh.
Withthepandemic,unemploymentisveryhighindeed.InFebruaryat3.5percentand5.5
P.C.respectively,unemploymentratesinCanadaandtheUnitedStateswereatgenerationallows
andworkershortageswereeverywhere.AsofMay,thoserateshadspikedupto13.3percent
and13.7percent,andalthoughmanyworkershortageshaddisappeared,notallhaddoneso.In
themedicalfield,totakeanobviousexample,thepandemicmeantthattherewerestillclean
shortagesofdoctors,nursesandothermedicalpersonnel.
Ofcourse,itisnotlikeyoucantakeanunemployedwaiterandtrainhimtobeadoctorina
fewweeks,nomatterwhopaysforit.Butevenifyoucannotclosethegap,maybeyoucanclose
othersanddoingsowouldbetothebenefitofallconcern.ThatseemstobethecaseinSweden:
whenforcedtofurlough90PC.oftheircabinstaff.ScandinavianAirlinedecidedtostartupa
shortretainingprogramthatreskilledthelaid-offworkerstosupporthospitalstaff.Theeffortwas
acollectiveoneandinvolvedothercompaniesaswellasaSwedishuniversity.
21.ResearchbytheWorldEconomicForumsuggests
.
[A]anincreaseinfulltimeemployment
[B]anurgentdemandfornewjobsills
[C]asteadygrowthofjobopportunities
[D]acontroversyreaboutthe“coreskills”
22.AT&Tiscitedtoshow.
[A]analternativetothefire-and-hirestrategy
[B]animmediateneedforgovernmentsupport
[C]theimportanceofstaffappraisalstandards
[D]thecharacteristicsofres-killingprograms
23.Eflor1storesolvetheskillsmismatchinCanada
[A]havedrivenuplabourcosts
[B]haveprovedtobeinconsistent
[C]havemetwithfierceopposition
[D]haveappearedtobeinsufficient
24.WecanlearnfromParagraph3thattherewas
[A]acallforpolicyadjustment
[B]achangeinhiringpractices
[C]alackofmedicalworkers
[D]asignofeconomicrecovery
25.ScandinavianAirlinesdecidedto.
[A]createjobvacanciesfortheunemployed
[B]preparetheirlaidofworkersforotherjobs
[C]retraintheircabinstaffforbetterservices
[D]financetheirstaff"scollegeeducation
正确答案:
21、[B]anurgentdemandfornewjobskills
22、[A]analternativetothefireandhirestrategy
23、[D]haveappearedtobeinsufficient
24、[C]alackofmedicalworkers
25、[B]preparetheirlaid-offworkersforotherjobs
Text2
Withtheglobalpopulationpredictedtohitcloseto10billionby2050,andforecaststhat
agriculturalproductioninsomeregionswillneedtonearlydoubletokeeppace,foodsecurityis
increasinglymakingheadlines.IntheUK,ithasbecomeabigtalkingpointrecentlytoo,fora
ratherparticularreason:
Brexit.
BrexitisseenbysomeasanopportunitytoreversearecenttrendtowardstheUKimporting
food.Thecountryproducesonlyabout60percentofthefooditeats,downfromalmost
three-quartersinthelate1980s.Amovebacktoself-sufficiency,theargumentgoes,wouldboost
thefarmingindustry,politicalsovereigntyandeventhenation'shealth.Soundsgreat一buthow
feasibleisthisvision?
AccordingtoareportonUKfoodproductionfromtheUniversityofLeeds,UK,85percent
ofthecountry'stotallandareaisassociatedwithmeatanddairyproduction.Thatsupplies80per
centofwhatisconsumed,soevencoveringthewholecountryinlivestockfarmswouldn'tallow
ustocoverallourmeatanddairyneeds.
Therearemanycaveatstothosefigures,buttheyarestillgrave.Tobecomemuchmore
self-sufficient,theUKwouldneedtodrasticallyreduceitsconsumptionofanimalfoods,and
probablyalsofarmmoreintensively一meaningfewergreenfields,andmorefactory-style
production.
Butswitchingtoamainlyplant-baseddietwouldn'thelp.ThereisagoodreasonwhytheUK
isdominatedbyanimalhusbandry:
mostofitsterraindoesn'thavetherightsoilorclimatetogrow
cropsonacommercialbasis.Just25percentofthecountry'slandissuitableforcrop-growing,
mostofwhichisalreadyoccupiedbyarablefields.Evenifweconvertedallthesuitablelandto
fieldsoffruitandveg-whichwouldinvolvetakingoutallthenaturereservesandremoving
thousandsofpeoplefromtheirhomes-wewouldachieveonlya30percentboostincrop
production.
Just23percentofthefruitandvegetablesconsumedintheUKarecurrentlyhome-grown,so
evenwiththemostextrememeasureswecouldmeetonly30percentofourfreshproduceneeds.
Thatisbeforewelookforthespacetogrowthegrains,suga
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