大学英语六级阅读理解真题及答案2.docx

大学英语六级阅读理解真题及答案2.docx

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大学英语六级阅读理解真题及答案2

2021年6月大学英语六级阅读理解真题及答案

Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

ItissaidthatthepublicandCongressionalconcernaboutdeceptivepackagingrumpusstartedbecauseSenatorHartdiscoveredthattheboxesofcerealsconsumedbyhim,Mrs.Hart,andtheirchildrenwerebecominghigherandnarrower,withadeclineofnetweightfrom12to10.5ounces,withoutanyreductioninprice.Therewerestilltwelvebiscuits,buttheyhadbeenreducedinsize.Later,theSenatorrightlycomplainedofastore-boughtpieinahandsomelyillustratedboxthatpictured,inasingleslice,almostasmanycherriesastherewereinthewholepie.

Themanufacturerwhoincreasestheunitpriceofhisproductbychanginghispackagesizetolowerthequantitydeliveredcan,withoutunduehardship,puthisproductintoboxes,bags,andtinsthatwillcontaineven4-ounce,8-ounce,one-pound,two-poundquantitiesofbreakfastfoods,cakemixes,etc.Astudyofdrugstoreandsupermarketshelveswillconvinceanyobserverthatallpossiblesizeandshapesofboxes,jars,bottles,andtinsareinuseatthesametimeand,asthepackagejournalsshow,weekbyweek,thereisneveranyhesitationinintroducinganewsize,andshapeofboxorbottlewhenitaidsinproductdifferentiation.Theproducersofpackagedproductsarguestronglyagainstchangingsizesofpackagestocontainevenweightsandvolumes,butnooneinthetradecommentsunfavorablyonthehugecostsincurredbyendlesschangesofpackagesizes,materials,shape,artwork,andnetweightsthatareusedforimprovingaproduct’smarketposition.

Whenapackagingexpertexplainedthathewasabletomultiplythepriceofhardsweetsby2.5,from1dollarto2.50dollarsbychangingtoafancyjar,orthathehadmadea5-ouncebottlelookasthoughitheld8ounces,hewasineffecttellingthepublicthatpackagingcanbeaveryexpensiveluxury.Itevidentlydoescomehigh,whenanaveragefamilypaysabout200dollarsayearforbottles,cans,boxes,jarsandothercontainers,mostofwhichcan’tbeusedanythingbutstuffingthegarbagecan.

21.WhatstartedthepublicandCongressionalconcernaboutdeceptivepackagingrumpus?

A）Consumers’complaintsaboutthechangesinthepackagesize.

B）Expensivepackagingforpoorqualityproducts.

C）Asenator’sdiscoveryofthetricksinpackaging.

D）Theriseintheunitpriceformanyproducts.

22.Theword“undue”（Para.2）means“________”.

A）improper

B）adequate

C）unexpected

D）excessive

23.Consumersareconcernedaboutthechangesinthepackagesize,mainlybecause________.

A）theyhatetoseeanychangesinthingstheyarefamiliarwith

B）theyunitpriceforaproductoftenrisesasaresult

C）theyhavetopayforthecostofchangingpackagesizes

D）thisentailsanincreaseinthecostofpackaging

24.Accordingtothispassage,varioustypesofpackagingcomeintoexistenceto________.

A）meettheneedsofconsumers

B）suitallkindsofproducts

C）enhancethemarketpositionofproducts

D）introducenewproducts

25.Theauthoriscriticalmainlyof________.

A）dishonestpackaging

B）inferiorpackaging

C）thechangesinpackagesize

D）exaggeratedillustrationsonpackages

Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.Human-resourcemanagementisnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirminUnitedStates.Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.Labourissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehired-rentedatthelowestpossiblecost-muchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment.

Thelackofimportanceattachedtohuman-resourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporatehierarchy.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.Thepostofheadofhuman-resourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofthecorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer（CEO）.Bywayofcontrast,inJapantheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementiscentral-usuallythesecondmostimportantexecutive,aftertheCEO,inthefirm’shierarchy.

WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforces,infacttheyinvestlessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandoeitherJapaneseorGermanfirms.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.Andthelimitedinvestmentsthataremadeintrainingworkersarealsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthespecificskillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.

Asaresult,problemsemergewhennewbreakthroughtechnologiesarrive.IfAmericanworkers,forexample,takemuchlongertolearnhowtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationsthanworkersinGermany（astheydo）,theeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanythanitisintheUnitedStates.Moretimeisrequiredbeforeequipmentisupandrunningatcapacity,andtheneedforextensiveretraininggeneratescostsandcreatesbottlenecksthatlimitthespeedwithwhichnewequipmentcanbeemployed.Theresultisaslowerpaceoftechnologicalchange.Andintheendtheskillsofthepopulationaffectthewagesofthetophalf.Ifthebottomhalfcan’teffectivelystafftheprocessesthathavetobeoperated,themanagementandprofessionaljobsthattowiththeseprocesseswilldisappear.

26.WhichofthefollowingappliestothemanagementofhumanresourcesinAmericancompanies?

A）Theyhirepeopleatthelowestcostregardlessoftheirskills.

B）Theyseethegainingofskillsastheiremployees’ownbusiness.

C）Theyattachmoreimportancetoworkersthanequipment.

D）Theyonlyhireskilledworkersbecauseofkeencompetition.

27.Whatisthepositionoftheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementinanAmericanfirm?

A）Heisoneofthemostimportantexecutivesinfirms.

B）Hispostislikelytodisappearwhennewtechnologiesareintroduced.

C）Heisdirectlyunderthechieffinancialexecutivesinthefirms.

D）Hehasnosayinmakingimportantdecisionsinthefirm.

28.ThemoneymostAmericanfirmsputintrainingmainlygoesto________.

A）workerswhocanoperatenewequipment

B）technologicalandmanagerialstaff

C）workerswholackbasicbackgroundskills

D）topexecutives

29.Accordingtothepassages,thedecisivefactorinmaintainingafirm’scompetitiveadvantageis________.

A）theintroductionofnewtechnologies

B）theimprovementofworker’sbasicskills

C）therationalcompositionofprofessionalandmanagerialemployees

D）theattachmentofimportancetothebottomhalfoftheemployees

30.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A）AmericanfirmsaredifferentfromJapaneseandGermanfirmsinhuman-resourcemanagement.

B）Extensiveretrainingisindispensabletoeffectivehuman-resourcemanagement.

C）Theheadofhuman-resourcemanagementmustbeinthecentralpositioninafirm’shierarchy.

D）Thehuman-resourcemanagementstrategiesofAmericanfirmsaffecttheircompetitivecapacity.

重点单词查看全部解释critical['kritikəl]想一想再看

adj.批评的，决定性的，危险的，挑剔的

　　a

flexible['fleksəbl]想一想再看

adj.灵活的，易弯曲的，柔韧的，可变通的

联想记忆X单词flexible联想记忆：

flex弯曲+ible形容词“能…的”→易弯曲的appeal[ə'pi:

l]想一想再看

n.恳求，上诉，吸引力

　　n.诉诸裁决联想记忆X单词appeal联想记忆：

ap一再，peal＝pull拉－一再拉－吸引deceptive[di'septiv]想一想再看

adj.迷惑的，虚伪的，诈欺的

联想记忆X单词deceptive联想记忆：

de坏＋cept拿，抓，握住+ive→拿坏的东西来→欺骗性的accurate['ækjurit]想一想再看

adj.准确的，精确的

联想记忆X单词accurate联想记忆：

ac+cur关心+ate→一再关心，弄精确为止→准确的，精确的unknown['ʌn'nəun]想一想再看

adj.未知的，不出名的

exchange[iks'tʃeindʒ]想一想再看

n.交换，兑换，交易所

　　v.交换，兑换，交

competitive[kəm'petitiv]想一想再看

adj.竞争的，比赛的

联想记忆X单词competitive联想记忆：

com共同+pet追求+itive表形容词，“…的”→比赛的listener['lisənə]想一想再看

n.听者，听众

improvement[im'pru:

vmənt]想一想再看

n.改进，改善

Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothesubject.Tooclosearelation,andthewritermaybeobjectivity.Notcloseenough,andthewritermaylackthesympathynecessarytoanyefforttoportrayamind,asoul-thequalityoflife.Whoshouldwritethebiographyofafamily,forexample?

Becauseoftheirclosenesstothesubject,familymembersmayhavespecialinformation,butbythesametoken,theymaynothavethedistancethatwouldallowthemtobefair.Similarly,aking’sservantmightnotbethebestonetowriteabiographyofthatking.Butaforeignermightnothavetheknowledgeandsympathynecessarytowritetheking’sbiography-notforareadershipfromwithinthekingdom,atanyrate.

Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.Thebiographerhastoworkwiththepositionheorshehasintheworld,adjustingthatpositionasnecessarytodealwiththesubject.Everypositionhasstrengthsandweaknesses:

tothrive,awritermusttrytobecomeawareofthese,evaluatethemintermsofthesubject,andselectapositionaccordingly.

Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographiesoftenrevealademocraticmotive:

theyattempttoshowthattheirsubjectsareonlyhuman,nobetterthananyoneelse.Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus,toinviteustobecomebetterthanweare.ThebiographiesofJesusfoundintheBibleareinthisclass.

Biographersmayclaimthattheiraccountisthe“authentic”one.Inadvancingthisclaim,theyarehelpedifthebiographyis“authorized”bythesubject,thispresumablyallowsthebiographerspecialaccesstoprivateinformation.“Unauthorized”biographiesalsohavetheirappeal,however,sincetheycansuggestanindependenceofmindinthebiographe