天津西青区高考英语阅读理解专题一轮练习8及答案.docx
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天津西青区高考英语阅读理解专题一轮练习8及答案.docx
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天津西青区高考英语阅读理解专题一轮练习8及答案
阅读下列短文,从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
体裁:
记叙文 话题:
热点关注 时间:
7分钟
Doesstylereallysell?
Howcantheappearanceofaproductbemoreimportantthanwhatitdoes?
ThebattlebetweenformandfunctionroseagainwhenJamesDyson,BritishinventoroftheDysonvacuum(真空)cleanerthathassoldinmillionsaroundtheworld,resignedaschairmanofLondon'sDesignMuseum.ItiswidelybelievedthatMr.Dysonfeltthatthemuseumputtoomuchstressonstyleattheexpenseofseriousindustrialdesign.
Mr.Dysonaccusedthemuseumofnotkeepingtruetoitself.Hemayberight,butthesedays,museumseverywherecannolongeraffordtobeuniquecentersofscholarshipandlearning.Amongcompetitionforsponsorship,theymustuseexhibitionsofpopulistculture,nicecafesandshopsor,bestofall,anewbuildingbyFrankGehrytoincreasevisitornumbers.
Ontheonehand,someproducerscanbetoooldfashionedandtooconcernedwiththeimportanceofproductengineeringandthefunctionalityoftheirgoods.Ontheotherhand,therearethosewhobelievethathowaproductlooksismoreimportant.Designisindeedabroadterm,involvingbothfunctionandform.Typically,inanygivenproductarea,itchangesfromtheformertothelatter.Clothingisagoodexample.Butsurelyyouwouldhavetobeaveryshallowpersontothinksomething'sappearanceismoreimportantthanwhatitdoes.
Todaynearlyallgoodsatanygivenpricepointdomuchthesamejob.Soalmosttheonlywayproducerscandifferentiatetheirproductsfromthoseoftheircompetitorsistocreatesomesortofemotionalconnectionwiththeconsumer,whichcouldbethroughthevisualappealoftheproductoritspackaging,ortheimagery(意象)createdbyadvertising.AndwhatoftheDysonvacuumcleaner?
Mr.Dysonmaybelievethatpeoplebuythesemachinesbecauseofthegraphsshowingtheirsuperiorsuction,butmostvacuumcleanersdoagoodjob;themainreasonpeoplepayextraforaDysonisthatitisavacuumcleanerwithatrendybrand.Withitsinsideworkingsexposed,itisabitlikeaRichardRogersbuildingwithallitspipesshowninbrightcolorsontheoutsideinsteadofbeinghiddeninside.Functionalitmaybe,butitisabitofatrick,too.
【语篇导读】 英国吸尘器发明家Dyson因强烈反对设计博物馆太过注重外在的风格样式而辞职,他认为这里应该是研究学问的地方。
1.Mr.DysonlefttheDesignMuseumbecausehethoughtthemuseum______.
A.didn'tincreasethenumberofvisitors
B.couldn'tprovidescholarshipsforlearners
C.wasn'tloyaltoitsoriginalpurposeoflearning
D.didn'thavegreatappealforseriousindustrialdesign
解析 推理判断题。
由第一段的最后一句话和第二段的第一句可知,他辞职是因为设计博物馆太注重风格样式。
他认为这里应该是研究学问的地方,他们的做法违背了这个初衷。
答案 C
2.Speakingofclothing,theunderlinedword“latter”refersto“______”.
A.affordingprotection
B.indicatingone'sidentity
C.providingwarmth
D.makingsomeonebeautiful
解析 词义猜测题。
根据文章内容可知,这里的latter指的是前面一句话中的form,即外形。
因此D项正确。
答案 D
3.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?
A.Aproductwithconvenientpackagingsellswell.
B.Themajorityofconsumersprefertobuybrandedgoods.
C.Mostsimilarlypricedproductsareofacomparablestandard.
D.Emotioncontributesmuchtothedevelopmentofadvertisingindustry.
解析 细节理解题。
由第四段的第一句可知,大多数指定价格的产品都做着同样的工作,即大多数相似价格的产品都有可比的标准。
所以C项正确。
答案 C
4.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheformofaproduct?
A.Optimistic.B.Sceptical.
C.Disapproving.D.Objective.
解析 态度推断题。
由最后两段的内容可知,作者认为产品的外形还是很重要的,但也是个小花招,因此作者对产品外形持客观的态度。
选D。
答案 D
PassageNine(TheProgram-FederalGovernmentHelpsMinorityBusiness)
Federaleffortstoaidminoritybusinessesbeganinthe1960’swhentheSmallBusinessAdministration(SBA)beganmakingfederallyguaranteedloansandgovernment-sponsoredmanagementandtechnicalassistanceavailabletominoritybusinessenterprises.Whilethisprogramenabledmanyminorityentrepreneurstoformnewbusinesses,theresultsweredisappointing,sincemanagerialinexperience,unfavorablelocations,andcapitalshortagesledtohighfailurerates.Even15yearsaftertheprogramwasimplemented,minoritybusinessreceiptswerenotquitetwopercentofthenationaleconomy’stotalreceipts.
Recentlyfederalpolicymakershaveadoptedanapproachintendedtoacceleratedevelopmentoftheminoritybusinesssectorbymovingawayfromdirectlyaidingsmallminorityenterprisesandtowardsupportinglarge,growth-orientedminorityfirmsthroughintermediarycompanies.Inthisapproach,largecorporationsparticipateinthedevelopmentofsuccessfulandstableminoritybusinessesbymakinguseofgovernment-sponsoredventurecapital.ThecapitalisusedbyaparticipatingcompanytoestablishaMinorityEnterpriseSmallBusinessesthathavepotentialtobecomefuturesuppliersofcustomersofthesponsoringcompany.
MESBIC’saretheresultofthebeliefthatprovidingestablishedfirmswitheasieraccesstorelevantmanagementtechniquesandmorejob-specificexperience,aswellassubstantialamountsofcapital,givesthosefirmsagreateropportunitytodevelopsoundbusinessfoundationsthandoessimplymakinggeneralmanagementexperienceandsmallamountsofcapitalavailable.Further,sincepotentialmarketsfortheminoritybusinessesalreadyexistthroughthesponsoringcompanies,theminoritybusinessesfaceconsiderablylessriskintermsoflocationandmarketfluctuation.Followingearlyfinancialandoperatingproblems,sponsoringcorporationsbegantocapitalizeMESBIC’sfarabovethelegalminimumof$500,000inordertogeneratesufficientincomeandtosustainthequalityofmanagementneeded.MESBIC’sarenowemergingasincreasinglyimportantfinancingsourcesforminorityenterprises.
Ironically,MESBICstaffs,whichusuallyconsistofHispanicandBlackprofessionals,tendtoapproachinvestmentsinminorityfirmsmorepragmaticallythandomanyMESBICdirectors,whoareusuallyseniormanagersfromsponsoringcorporations.Thelatteroftenstillthinkmainlyintermsofthe‘socialresponsibilityapproach’andthusseemtopreferdealsthatareriskierandlessattractivethannormalinvestmentcriteriawouldwarrant.Suchdifferencesinviewpointhaveproduceduneasinessamongmanyminoritystaffmembers,whofeelthatminorityentrepreneursandbusinessesshouldbejudgedbyestablishedbusinessconsiderations.ThesestaffmembersbelievetheirpointofviewisclosertotheoriginalphilosophyofMESBIC’sandtheyareconcernedthat,unlessamoreprudentcourseiffollowed,MESBICdirectorsmayreverttopolicieslikelytore-createthedisappointingresultsoftheoriginalSBAapproach.
1.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthecentralideaofthepassage?
[A]TheuseofMESBIC’sforaidingminorityentrepreneursseemstohavegreaterpotentialforsuccessthandoestheoriginalSBAapproach.
ThereisacrucialdifferenceinpointofviewbetweenthestaffanddirectorsofsomeMESBIC’s.
[C]Afterinitialproblemswithmanagementandmarketing,minoritybusinesseshavebeguntoexpandatasteadyrate.
[D]Minorityentrepreneurswishingtoformnewbusinessesnowhaveseveralequallysuccessfulfederalprogramsonwhichtorely.
2.Accordingtothepassage,theMESBICapproachdiffersfromtheSBAapproachinthatMESBIC’s
[A]seekfederalcontractstoprovidemarketforminoritybusinesses.
Encourageminoritybusinessestoprovidemarketsforotherminoritybusinesses.
[C]Attempttomaintainaspecifiedrateofgrowthintheminoritybusinesssector.
[D]Relyontheparticipationoflargecorporationstofinanceminoritybusinesses.
3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheSBAprogramcanbeinferredfromthepassage?
[A]Themaximumtermforloansmadetorecipientbusinesseswas15years.
Businessloanswereconsideredtobemoreusefultorecipientbusinessesthanwasmanagementandtechnicalassistance.
[C]Theanticipatedfailurerateforrecipientbusinesseswassignificantlylowerthantheratethatactuallyresulted.
[D]Recipientbusinesseswereencouragedtorelocatetoareasmorefavorableforbusinessdevelopment.
4.Theauthorreferstothe‘financialandoperatingproblems’encounteredbyMESBIC’sprimarilyinorderto
[A]broadenthescopeofthediscussiontoincludethelegalconsiderationsoffundingMESBIC’sthroughsponsoringcompanies.
callattentiontothefactthatMESBIC’smustreceiveadequatefundinginordertofunctioneffectively.
[C]showthatsponsoringcompanieswerewillingtoinvestonly$500,000ofgovernment-sponsoredventurecapitalintheoriginalMESBIC’s.
[D]CompareSBAandMESBIClimitsonminimumfunding.
5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheattitudeofsomeMESBICstaffmembertowardtheinvestmentspreferredbysomeMESBICdirectorscanbebestdescribedas
[A]disappointing.
Indifferent.
[C]Shocked.
[D]Defensive.
Vocabulary
1.implement 执行,履行
2.growth-oriented 增长潜力的,有发展性的
3.intermediarycompany 中介公司,中间公司
4.venturecapital 风险资本
5.entrepreneur 企业家,创业者
6.fluctuation 波动,涨落,起伏
7.pragmatically 实用地
难句译注
1. Even15yearsaftertheprogramwasimplementedminoritybusinessreceiptswerenotquitetwopercentofthenationaleconomy’stotalreceipts.
【参考译文】甚至在这个计划执行后15年,少数民族工业的收入还不到全国总收入的2%。
2. Recentlyfederalpolicymakershaveadoptedanapproachintendedtoacceleratedevelopmentofthesupportinglarge,growthorientedminorityfirmsthroughintermediarycompanies.
【参考译文】最近,联邦决策者采取一项措施,旨在加速少数民族工商业的发展,他们不再直接帮助小型的少数民族企业,而是转向通过中间公司来支持规模较大、有发展潜力的少数民族公司。
3. Bymakinguseofgovernment-sponsoredventurecapital.
利用政府资助的风险资本。
4. TheMESBICthenprovidescapitalandguidancetominoritybusinessesthathavepotentialtobecomefuturesuppliersorcustomersofthesponsoringcompany.
【参考译文】然后再由MESBIC向那些少数民族企业提供资金、进行指导。
这些企业是有成为赞助公司的未来供应商或客户的潜力的。
5. MESBIC–min
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