中考英语阅读理解教案.docx
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中考英语阅读理解教案.docx
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中考英语阅读理解教案
阅读理解及其解题方法
要求阅读速度为每分钟40-50个词。
阅读理解的阅读材料的选取一般遵循三个原则:
1.阅读文章不少于三篇,阅读量在1,000单词左右;
2.题材广泛,包括科普,社会,文化,政治,经济等;
3.体裁多样,包阔记叙文,说明文,应用文等;
一、中考阅读理解考查的主要内容
1.主旨大意题
此类考查主旨和大意的题大多数针对段落(或短文)的主题,主题思想,标题或目的,其主要提问方式是:
(1)Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?
(2)Whichofthefollowingisthispassageabout?
(3)Inthispassagethewritertriestotellusthat______.
(4)Thepassagetellsusthat______.
(5)Thispassagemainlytalksabout_______.
如何获取段落的主旨和大意?
最有效的办法是找出主题句。
一篇文章(或一段文章)通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的。
而这个中心意思往往由一个句子来概括。
这个能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主题句。
因此,理解一个段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先要学会寻找主题句。
在一篇短文或一个段落中,大部分主题句的情况有三种:
(1)主题句在段首或篇首。
主题句在段首或篇首的情况相当普遍。
一般新闻报道、说明文,议论文大都采用先总述,后分述的叙事方法。
例如:
2003年陕西省英语中考试题阅读材料B的第一段:
Alllivingthingsontheearthneedotherlivingthingstolive.Nothinglivesalone.Mostanimalsmustliveinagroup,andevenaplantgrowsclosetogetherwithothersofthesamekind.Sometimesonelivingthingkillsanother,oneeatsandtheotheriseaten.Eachkindoflifeeatsanotherkindoflifeinordertolive,andtogethertheyformafoodchain(食物链)。
Somefoodchainsbecomebrokenupifoneofthelinksdisappears
59.Whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkisthebesttitleforthispassage?
A.AnimalsB.PlantsC.FoodChainsD.LivingThings
(2)寻找主题句的方法:
1.认真阅读文章的首尾段或每段的首尾句子。
2.文章的主题作者往往有意识地反复论述。
抓住反复出现的中心词,即高频词,也叫做主题词。
TherearemanydifferentwaystotraveltoParisfromLondon.Oneofthequickestandmostpopularwaysisbytrain.FromWaterlooRailwayStation,youcantravelallthewaytoParis.Thejourneytakesaboutthreehours.Thetrain,calledtheEurostar,isverymodern,andtheseatsarecomfortable.
YoucanalsotraveltoFrancebyship.……
AnotherwaytotraveltoParisisbyplane.……
80.Thepassagemainlytellsusabout_______.
A.differentwaystravelingfromLondontoParis
B.internationalflightsfromLondontoParis
C.busesstoppingatFerryTerminalSeveninDover
Every30secondsthereisanearthquake.Butdon'tworrybecausemostaresoweakthattheycannotbe.felt.Onlyafewbigoneshurtpeople.
ManyearthquakeshappenedinChina,suchasthebigoneinSichuanlastmonth.Thousandsofpeoplediedinit.Soit'simportanttoknowwhattodowhenonehits.Herearesometipsonhowtostaysafeinanearthquake.
1.Ifyouareindoorsduringanearthquake,hide(躲藏)underadesk.Stayawayfromwindowsandanythingthatcouldfallonyou.
……
69.Thebesttitleofthispassageis"_________".
A.Howdangeroustheearthquakeis
B.Howtobesafeduringanearthquake
C.Don'tbeafraidoftheearthquake
[Practice]
A
Ineverylittlegirl’stoybox,theremightbeaBarbieDoll.Barbieis50yearsoldthisyear.Itwasdesignedin1959byanAmericanbusinesswomannamedRuthHandler.SheandherhusbandElliottstartedthetoycompanyMattel.ShenamedthenewdollaftertheirdaughterBarbara.ThefirstBarbieDollappearedatthetoyfair(交易会)NewYorkonMarch9th,1959.ThisdateisusedasBarbie’sbirthday.
MattelsoldthreehundredthousandBarbieDollsinthefirstyearatapriceofthreedollars.Today,afifty-year-oldBarbieingoodconditionmightcostmorethantwenty-seventhousanddollars.Mattelsays90%ofthegirlsintheUnitedStatesagedfromthreetotenownatleastoneBarbieDoll.Andgirlsagedthreetosixownanaverage(平均)ofabouttwelve.
WhenMattelcreatedBarbieDollshalfacenturyago,theyneverthoughtthisdollwouldbecomealegend.NowBarbieDollsarefamousallovertheworld.Theyaresoldinonehundredandfiftycountries,andeverysecondthreeBarbieDollsaresoldaroundtheworld.
65.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?
A.Barbie’sbirthdayB.BarbieDolls
C.AlovelygirlnamedBarbieD.WhyareBarbiespopular
B
……
Schoollifeshouldbesomeofthebestandhappiestdaysofourlives.Weshouldn’twastethiswonderfultime.Don’tsaythingsaredifficultandboring.Don’tbetoodisappointedifthingssometimesgobadly.Don’tletsmallproblemsseemverybig.Beconfident,goandplaysports,workonaproject,orhelpsomeonewithproblems.Therearealwaysalotofthingstodotorelaxyourselfandmakeyouhappy.
60.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?
A.Howtogethighscores.B.Howtoberelaxedandhappy.
C.Howtomakefriendswithforeigners.
2.细节理解题
此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的,其主要提问方式是:
(1)Whichofthefollowingisright?
(2)Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?
(3)WhichofthefollowingisNotTrueinthepassage?
(4)Choosetherightorderofthispassage.
(5)Fromthispassageweknow________.
如何确定细节和事实?
在阅读理解题目中,有相当一部分是考查细节和事实的题目。
这类题目相对容易一些。
这些题目有两个共同特点:
(1)凡属针对特定细节的考题,其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。
这一部分可能是一个词或短语,也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子,但句式、用词和表达方式不同。
(2)干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂,正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂,甚至真假混杂。
因此,要做好阅读理解中的确定细节和事实的题目,一要在文章中找出相应的信息点,二要排除干扰项。
Tea,coffeeandcocoaarethreemajordrinksallovertheworld.Teaisdrunkbythelargestnumberofpeopleintheworld.Tea,aswellassilkandporcelain,begantobeknownbytheworldoverathousandyearsagoandhasbeenanimportantChineseexportsincethen.
Teahasahistoryofover4,000yearsandChinaisthehomeoftea.InancientChina,teawasusedasakindofmedicine,whilenowadayspeopledrinkteadaily.
……
()66.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
A.Tea,cocoaandsilkareimportantChineseexports.
B.Teahasmorethan1,000yearsofhistory.
C.Japanisthehomeoftea.
D.InancientChina,peopleusedteaasakindofmedicine.
(2010,三明)
IntheUK,aseven-year-oldboyhasraised£800,00forpeopleoftheHaiti(海地)earthquakebyridinghisbikearoundhislocalpark.
……
47.Theboyhasalreadyraises__________________forpeopleinHaiti.
A.£500B.£600C.£800,000
(2009,南平)
AtSunshineGym
Loseweight!
Membershipfee(会员费):
¥80
Openthreedaysaweek:
Wed.,Fri.&Sun.
Call:
3327589
SportsClub
JoinusinplayingbasketballinGreenParkonSun.July19th.
MeetatSpringSquareat9:
00a.m.
CallBruceat6932468formoreinformation
BookSale
TheRedandtheBlack—byStendhal
Anambitious(有雄心的)youngmanJulien’sstory
Lastweek:
¥48Now:
¥36
ForRent
LongRiverApartment.3-bedroom.Newpaint.Nopets.
300yuan/month.CallPeterat8788765formoreinformation.
71.WhatdopeoplewanttodoatSunshineGym?
A.Loseweight.B.Playbasketball.C.Buybooks.
75.IfyouwanttobuythebookTheRedandtheBlacknow,youneedtopay.
A.¥80B.¥48C.¥36
(2011,中考模拟试题)
…….Asasinger,sheoftenhastotravelabroad.But,onherfirsttrip,shecouldn’tevenopenhermouthtosay“thankyou”!
Sheismuchboldernow!
3.WhenNiracefirsttraveledabroad,_________.
A.shecouldspeakEnglishverywell
B.shecouldalmostsaynothinginEnglish
C.shespokeEnglishbetterthannow
D.shehadneverlearnedEnglishbefore
[Practice]
Ifsomeonesays“givemefive”,donotsearchyourpockettogetfiveyuan!
Itwillmakeotherslaugh!
Thepersonisnotaskingforyourmoney,butforyourfingers.
IntheUS,“givemefive”or“givemethehighfive”isapopulargesture.YoucanseeitofteninfilmsoronTV.Itmeanstheslapping(拍)ofraisingrighthandstogether.
Peopledoitwhentheymeetforthefirsttimeorsomethinghappyhappens.Forexample,astudenthasgoodmarksinexamsorwinsalotteryticket(彩票).Ifafootballteamwinsagame,theplayerswillgivehighfivestoeveryonearoundtocelebrate.
……
61.Thegesture“givemefive”istheslappingof.
A.legsB.handsC.arms
62.“Givemefive”isagestureto.
A.celebratesuccessB.askformoneyC.searchone’spocket
3.词义猜测题
此类猜测词义的题目要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。
其主要提问方式是:
(1)Theword“”inthepassageprobablymeans________.
(2)Theunderlinedword“It”inthepassagerefersto_______.
(3)Inthisstorytheunderlinedword“”means________.
(4)Here“it”means________.
如何根据上下文猜测词义?
猜测词义也是一种英语阅读能力。
英语阅读理解试题中有不少这样的题目。
任何一个实词,只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。
所谓上下文(context),正如英语辞典所解释的,其作用就是帮助确定上下文中的词、短语或句子的意义。
据此,我们
可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义,即从已知推求未知,也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。
猜测词义时,我们可以从三个方面来考虑:
1)根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑上的推理。
2)运用语法知识进行语法分析。
3)依靠常识和经验做出判断。
Example:
(2011,三明)
……
Abloghasgoodpoints,ofcourse.Peoplechoosetowriteinblogs,theyknowthattheirfriendswillreadwhattheywrite.Ifyoufeelsadonedayandwriteinyourdiary,noonewillknowaboutit.Ifyouwritethesamewordsinyourblog,yourfriendsmayquicklywritebacktocomfortyouandoffertheirhelp.Blogshelppeopleknowwhattheirfriendsaredoing.
……
48.Theunderlinedword“comfort”means________inChinese.
A.责怪B.安慰C.嘲笑
“I'msorry,butdon'tstopme,please!
”thesmallboysaid,“Itveryhottodayandthereisn'tanyothershadeinthestreet!
”
……
54.Theunderlinedword“shade”referstoaplacewhichis_______.
A.wetterB.coolerC.hotter
Doctorsandotherscientistswhostudythehumanmindandtrytoexplainwhypeoplebehaveinthewaythattheydo,calledpsychologists,arestartingtobelieveit.
55.Apsychologistisapersonwhomayhelpyouwithyour______.
A.illnessandabilitiesB.thoughtsandbehaviour
C.mindandnervoussystemD.physicalactivityanddailyexercise
[Practice]
Patriotismisalsosomethingweshouldneverforget.Patriotismmeansaloveforone’scountry.Everyoneshouldlovehiscountry.Agoodyouthwilldothethingshiscountryaskshimtodo.
Ithinkagoodyouthoftodayshouldalsohavesometraininginart.Ifeveryonecanenjoyart,theywillenjoytheirlife.
……
68.Theword“Patriotism”means.
A.爱国主义 B.责任感C.事业心
Mostteenagerswearbrand-nameclothestobeinfashionandtofitinwiththeirfriends.However,notalltheGen-Zyouth(青年)likethestyle.SomepreferbluejeansandT-shirts.Theydon’tfeelanypressurefromtheirfriends.Theyjustwanttobethemselves.Theygivetheirownopinionsbynotfitting
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