impact of is sensory-based food education in kindergarten on willingness to eat vegetables and berries.docx
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impact of is sensory-based food education in kindergarten on willingness to eat vegetables and berries.docx
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food&nutrition
research
ORIGINALARTICLE
Impactofsensory-basedfoodeducationinkindergartenonwillingnesstoeatvegetablesandberries
UllaHoppu1,MiraPrinz2,PauliinaOjansivu1,OskarLaaksonen2andMariA.Sandell1*
1FunctionalFoodsForum,UniversityofTurku,Turku,Finland;^DepartmentofBiochemistry,FoodChemistryandFoodDevelopmentUniversityofTurku,Turku,Finland
Abstract
Background.Childrenusealloftheirsenseswhenexploringnewfoods,andsensory-basedfoodeducationprovidesnewpossibilitiesforpromotinghealthydietaryhabits.
Objective:
Toevaluatetheeflectofsensory-based(bodeducationactivitiesonchildren'swillingnesstoeattestsamplesofselectedvegetablesandberries.
Design:
TwokindergartensinHanko,Finland,participatedinthestudyandthesubjectswerechildrenaged3-6years,dividedintheintervention(n=44)andcontrol(n=24)kindergarten.Intheinterventionkindergarten,fivesensory-basedfoodeducationsessionsfocusingonvegetablesandberrieswereimplemented,onceperweekfbr5weeks.Atastingprotocolwasperformedwiththechildrenatbaselineandaftertheintervention.Thewillingnesstoeat(5diflerentvegetablesand3Finnishberries)wascategorised.Parentsalsofilledinaquestionnaireonthechildren'sfoodpreferencesathome.
Results:
Intheinterventionkindergarten,thewillingnesstoeatthesamplesincreasedsignificantly(p<0.001,WilcoxonandFriedman),whileinthecontrolkindergarten,nosignificantchangewasobservedwhenallofthetestsamplesweretakenintoaccount.Theparentalreportoftheirchildren'spreferencesandchildren'sactualeatingofthetestsamplescorrespondedrelativelyweakly.
Conclusions.Sensory-basedfoodeducationactivitiesmaypromoteawillingnesstoeatvegetablesandberries.Child-centredtestmethodsareimportantfbrevaluatingtheeffectsofdietaryinterventionsamongchildren.
Keywords:
foodeducation;sensory^children]kindergarten}vegetables}berries
Received:
8June2015;Revised:
9November2015;Accepted:
13November2015;Published:
9December2015
C
hildren'slowintakeofvegetablesandfruitsisanutritionalchallengeinmanyEuropeancountries(1,2).Healthydietarypatternsinchildhood,specificallydietsrichinvegetablesandfruits,havebeendemonstratedtobeassociatedwithalowerriskofcardiovasculardiseasesinadulthood(3).KindergartensinFinlandareservedmealsdailyaccordingtonationaldietaryrecommendations,andavarietyofvegetablesandfruitsareservedeveryday(4).However,thetotalintakeofvegetables,fruits,andberriesislowamongFinnishchildren(5).NordicwildberriesarepartofFinnishfoodculture,buttheirbitter,sour,andastringenttastemaylimittheirconsumption.Sensoryproperties,suchastasteandflavour,havebeenshowntobecriticalfactorsinthepreferencesfbrvegetablesandberriesamongchildren(6,7).Foodneophobiaisalsocommonamongpreschool-agedchildrenandmaybeassociatedwithlowerconsumptionofvegetablesandfruits(8).
Newandinnovativeapproachesexploitingsensorypracticeshavebeenintroducedinkindergartenandschoolsettingstopromotehealthyeating(9).Sensory-basedfoodeducationisatrainingconceptbasedonsensoryperceptionandexperiencesandtheirimpactinlearningprocessesrelatedtofood.Sensoryeducationoffersactivitiesforthelearningprocessviaoursensesbysmelling,touching,hearing,watching,andtasting(10,11).French'GlassesduGout5(Saperetasteeducation),developedfbrschool-agedchildren,isawell-knownsensoryeducationmethod(12).InFinland,projectfundinghasbeenavailablefbrtrainingdaycarepersonnelandvarioussensory-basedactivitieshavebeenimplementedinmanykindergartens(13).Thepracticalexperienceshavebeenencouraging,butthereisalackofdocumentedscientificevidenceontheeffectivenessoftheseactivitiesamongkindergartenchildren.
Thechallengeinassessingfoodpreferencesanddietaryintakeamongchildrenisthatmostmethodsrelyonparentalreportsthatmaybepronetoparentalsubjectiveimpressionsandmisreporting(14,15).Parentsrelyontheiropinionoffoodhabitsathome,andtheymayalsohavemisunderstandingsofhowtheirchildrenbehaveinmealsituationsatdaycare.Thus,objectivechild-centredmethodstomeasurefoodacceptance,preferences,andconsumptionareimportanttodevelopandevaluate.Youngchildren'scognitiveandverbalskillsneedtobeconsideredwhendevelopingnewtestingprotocols(16).Thechoice,preparation,andpresentationoftestsamplesfbrchildrenrequiresfurtherconsideration,andthetestinglocationandresearchpersonnelmayalsohaveanimpactonthetestsituation(17).
Inthepresentstudy,sensory-basedfoodeducationactivitiespreviouslyusedinFinlandwereimplementedinanewkindergartenwithnopreviousexp
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