备战届高考英语阅读之说明文练习十四.docx
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备战届高考英语阅读之说明文练习十四.docx
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备战届高考英语阅读之说明文练习十四
备战2021高考英语阅读之说明文(十四)
(A)
Ifthereisnodifferenceingeneralintelligencebetweenboysandgirls,whatcanexplaingirls’poorperformanceinscienceandmathematics?
Itseemstobethattheirtreatmentatschoolisadirectcause.Mathematicsandscienceareseenassubjectsmainlyforboys,andtherefore,asgirlsbecometeenagers,theyarelesslikelytotakethem.Interestingly,bothboysandgirlsoftenregardthesubjectsforboysasmoredifficult.Yetithasbeensuggestedthatgirlsdonottakemathematicscourses,notbecausetheyaredifficult,butforsocialreasons.Girlsdonotwanttobeinopencompetitionwithboysbecausetheyareafraidtoappearlessfeminineandattractive.
However,ifweexaminetheperformanceofboysandgirlswhohavetakenmathematicscourses,therearestillmorehigh-achievingboysthantherearegirls.Thisdifferenceappearstobeworld-wide.Biologicalexplanationshavebeenofferedforthis,butthereareotherexplanationstoo.
Perhapsthedifferencewhichcomesoutduringtheteenageyearshasitsrootsinmuchearlierexperiences.Fromtheirfirstdaysinkindergarten,boysareencouragedtoworkontheirownandtocompletetasks.Factsshowthatoutstandingmathematiciansandscientistshavenothadteacherswhosuppliedanswers.
Besides,therecanbelittledoubtthatteachersofmathematicsandscienceexpecttheirboystudentstodobetteratthesesubjectsthantheirgirlstudents.Theyevenappeartoencouragethedifferencebetweenboysandgirls.Theyspendmoretimewiththeboystudents,givingthemmoretimetoanswerquestionsandworkinghardertogetcorrectanswersfromthem.Theyaremorelikelytocallonboysforanswersandtoallowthemtotaketheleadinclassroomdiscussion.Theyalsopraiseboysmorefrequently.Allofthisseemstoencourageboystoworkharderinscienceandmathematicsandtogivethemconfidencethattheyareabletosucceed.
Suchawayofteachingisnotlikelytoencouragegirlstotakemanymathematicsandsciencecourses,norisitlikelytosupportgirlswhodo.Whenitcomestothesesubjects,itseemscertainthatschoolwidensthedifferencebetweenboysandgirls.
1.Girlsarelikelytothinkthat________.
A.sciencecoursesareforbothboysandgirls
B.sciencecoursesmakethemmorepopular
C.sciencecoursesmakethemsuccessful
D.sciencecoursesaredifficultforthem
2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“feminine”inpara.2probablymean?
A.gentleB.femaleC.hungryD.charming
3.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutgreatmathematicians?
A.Theirteachersdidnotsupplyanswerstothem.
B.Theystartedlearningmathematicsatanearlierage.
C.Theyshowedmathematicalabilitiesintheirteenageyears.
D.Theirsuccessresultedfromtheirstronginterestinmathematics.
4.Theauthorwouldprobablyagreethat________.
A.boysandgirlslearninthesameway
B.boysandgirlsareequalingeneralintelligence
C.girlsaremoreconfidentinthemselvesthanbefore
D.girlsshouldtakefewersciencecoursesthanboys
(B)
“Don’tbeahelicopterparent.”Thismessagehasbeenrepeatedfrequentlyandotherstrytoencourageparentstobackofftheirkidsandgivethemgreaterspaceandfreedomtoexplore.Butitdoesn'tactuallytellparentshowtheyshouldact.Whatkindofparentingstyleshouldbeadoptedinplaceoftheoverprotectivenessofhelicoptering?
Onepossibleansweris,“Bealifeguardparent.”Thatmeanssittingapartfromtheactionandkeepinganeyeoneverythingthat’sgoingon,readytojumpinifneeded.ThiswasbroughtupbyDr.MarianaBrussoni,adevelopmentalpsychologistattheUniversityofBritishColumbiaandRichardMonette,editor-in-chiefofActiveforLife.Theythinklifeguardingshouldincludethreeparts.
Openattentionisthestageparentsshouldbeinmostofthetime,showingacaringinterestinwhatkidsaredoing,butkeepingtheirphysicaldistanceandremainingnon—intrusive(不介入的).Focusedattentioniswhenaparentperceives(察觉)warningsignsandbecomesmorealert.Maybeit’stimetocheckinwiththechildtoseehowthey’redoing.Itmightbeagoodopportunitytohelpthechildthinkthroughtheiractions,ratherthandirectingthem.Mostofthetime,playgoesbacktobeingsafeandtheparentcanreturntoopenattention.Activeinterventioniswhenaparentneedstostepintoreduceimmediaterisk.Achildmightnotrealizethey’reclosetotheedgeofabusyroadordeepwater,sotheparenthastoensuretheirsafety.
Brussonisaysmostofaparent'stimeshouldbespentinopenattention.Dayscouldpass,withouteverenteringfocusedattention.Activeinterventionshouldbeextremelyrare.It’scrucialtoavoidtellingkidstobecarefulallthetime.Thissendsamessagethatthechildcan’tdothingswithoutparentalassistance.
Noonesaidparentingwaseasy,butitcanbelessunbearableifyouletgoofsomecontrol,teachyourkidstodothingsindependently,andtrustthemtoself—regulate.Everyonecomesouthappierintheend.
1.Whyishelicopterparentmentionedinparagraph1?
A.Warnparentsnottooverprotectkids.
B.Introduceanotherparentingapproach.
C.Remindparentstogivekidsmorefreedom.
D.Makeacomparisonbetweentwoparentingstyles.
2.Whatwillalifeguardparentprobablydo?
A.Accompanykidsaslittleaspossible.
B.Tellkidstobeawarewhatevertheyaredoing.
C.Directkidswhentheyareclimbingathinbranch.
D.Urgekidstoleaveaheavytrafficroadimmediately.
3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?
A.Parentinghasbeenthetoughestjobsinceancienttimes.
B.Allowingparentstoself-regulatemaybeofgreatbenefit
C.Lesscontrolmayleadtoaharmoniousparent-childrelationship.
D.Childshouldbetaughttothingsallbythemselvestogrowup
4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.Don’tBeaHelicopterParent.B.TeachKidstoIdentifyRisks.
C.HowtoGuaranteeKids’Safety.D.StrivetoBeaLifeguardParent.
(C)
Ifyou'reanythinglikemostworkingAmericans,youprobablymakeabeelineforthecoffeemachineassoonasyouwakeupinthemorning.Infact,over85percentofAmericansconsumecaffeine(咖啡因)regularly-andcoffeeisthepreferredmedium.AsfortheperfecttimeforyourJoe?
There'sa“sweetspot”thatcouldmaximizeyourcaffeinekick,andsurprisinglyenough,it'snotthefirstthinginthemorning.
Althoughhavingyourcoffeerightawaymaycauseyoutothinkquicklyinthemorning,thatfeelingquicklycrashesjustafewhourslater.“Definitelylimitcoffeewhenyoufirstwakeup”,LauraCipullo,registereddietitianandauthorofWomen'sHealthBodyClockDiet,toldCNBC.
Togetthemostbenefit,expertsrecommenddrinkingyourcoffeeinthemidmorningorearlyafternoon,instead.Gettingcaffeineaboutthreetofourhoursafteryougetoutofbedwilldothetrick,too.Why?
Atthosetimesintheday,yourbodyislowoncortisol(皮质醇)-thestresshormonethatmakesyouthinkquickly-anddesperatelyneedsagoodpickmeup.
Ofcourse,ifyoucan'tfunctionwithoutyourmorningcoffee,thenbyallmeans,continuedrinking!
Noteveryoneagreeswiththemidmorningtheory,anyway.RegistereddietitiannutritionistMelanieDellingesbelieveswhenyouconsumecaffeineisnotintheleastimportant;it'showmuchcaffeineyouconsumethatmattersthemost.Sherecommendslimitingyourintaketotwotofourcupsaday.
Regardlessofwhenyoudecidetodrinkyourcoffee,trytoavoiddrinkingcoffeeafter2or3intheafternoon.Researchshowsthatcaffeinecandisturbyoursleepuptosixhoursafteryouconsumeit.
1.Whichwordcanbestreplacetheunderlined“Joe”inparagraph1?
A.routineB.companyC.breakfastD.coffee
2.Whendoestheauthorsuggestdrinkingcoffee?
A.Lateintheevening.B.3to4hoursaftergettingup.
C.Earlyinthemorning.D.2or3hourslateraftergettingup.
3.WhatdoesMelanieDellingesregardasthemostimportant?
A.Theamountofcaffeineintake.B.Thetimetoconsumecaffeine.
C.Thewayonetakesincaffeine.D.Themidmorningtheoryoncoffee.
4.Whatisthebesttitleforthistext?
A.HowmuchcoffeetodrinkB.Whyweoughttodrinkcoffee
C.Don'tdrinkcoffeeinthemorningD.Thebesttimetodrinkcoffee
(D)
Climatechangeisperhapsthekeyissueofourtime.Often,however,itispresentedtousasbeingsoabstractthatitseemsimpossiblydistant.Forthoseofyoulookingforsomethingalittlemoreconcrete,anewreportsuggeststhattheeffectsofclimatechangemaysignificantlyaffectcoffee.
Thereport,putoutbyTheClimateInstitute,describestheeffectsofclimatechangeonvariouscoffeegrowingnationsandtheresultanteffectsontheplantsandthosewhogrowthem.
Coffeaarabicaplants,whichproduce70%ofallcommercialcoffee,canbeadverselyaffectedbyevenahalfdegreechangeintypicalweatherconditions.Thissensitivitytotemperatureputstheplantatincreasedriskoftheeffectsofclimatechange.
InCentralAmericatheaveragetemperaturehasrisenbyafulldegreeCelsiussince1960.InEthiopiatheaveragetemperaturehasincreasedby1.3degrees.Thisincreaseisenoughtohavenotableeffectsontheplants.InTanzaniatheproductivityperhectareofcoffeehasfallenbyhalfsincethe1960sduetochangesintemperature.
Indeed,studiesclaimthatby2050theareaoftheworldsuitableforgrowingcoffeewillbecutbyhalf.Coffeeproductionislikelytothenbepushedtohigherelevations(海拔)totakeadvantageoflowertemperatures,butthiswillnotbeenoughtomakeupforlostlowlandareas.
Coffeeisthesecondmosttradedgoodsbydevelopingnations,andtheinabilityofproducernationstoexportitcouldcausedramaticchainreactionsintheireconomies.Millionsofpeople
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