高考英语专题复习江苏任务型阅读有详细答案.docx
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高考英语专题复习江苏任务型阅读有详细答案.docx
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高考英语专题复习江苏任务型阅读有详细答案
专题10—任务型阅读
1.【2017年高考江苏卷英语】
任务型阅读(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意:
请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
每个空格只填一个单词。
PopulationChange
Whyistheworld’spopulationgrowing?
Theanswerisnotwhatyoumightthink.Thereasonfortheexplosionisnotthatpeoplehavebeenreproducinglikerabbits,butthatpeoplehavestoppeddroppingdeadlikeflies.In1900,peoplediedattheaverageageof30.By2000theaverageagewas65.Butwhileincreasinghealthwasatypicalfeatureofthe20thcentury,decliningbirthratecouldbeadefiningoneofthe21st.
Statisticsshowthattheaveragenumberofbirthsperwomanhasfallenfrom4.9intheearly1960sto2.5nowadays.Furthermore,around50%oftheworld’spopulationliveinregionswherethefigureisnowbelowthereplacementlevel(i.e.2.1birthsperwoman)andalmostalldevelopednationsareexperiencingsub-replacementbirthrate.Youmightthinkthatdevelopingnationswouldmakeuptheloss(especiallysince80%oftheworld’speoplenowliveinsuchnations),butyou’dbewrong.Decliningbirthrateisamajorprobleminmanydevelopingregionstoo,whichmightcausecatastrophicglobalshortagesofworkforcewithinafewdecades.
AgreatdeclineinyoungworkforceislikelytooccurinChina,forinstance.Whatdoesitimply?
First,Chinaneedstoundergorapideconomicdevelopmentbeforeapopulationzxxkdeclinehitsthecountry.Second,ifotherfactorssuchastechnologyremainconstant,economicgrowthandmaterialexpectationswillfallwellbelowrecentstandardsandthiscouldinvitetrouble.
Russiaisanothercountrywithpopulationproblemsthatcouldbreakitseconomicpromise.Since1992thenumberofpeopledyinghasbeenbiggerthanthatofthosebeingbornbyamassive50%.Indeedofficialfiguressuggestthecountryhasshrunkby5%since1993andpeopleinRussialiveashorterlifenowthanthosein1961.Whyisthisoccurring?
Nobodyisquitesure,butpoordietandabovealllong-timealcoholismhavemuchtodowithit.Ifcurrenttrendsdon’tbend,Russia’spopulationwillbeaboutthesizeofYemen’sbytheyear2050.
InthenorthofIndia,thepopulationisboomingduetohighbirthrates,butinthesouth,wheremosteconomicdevelopmentistakingplace,birthrateisfallingrapidly.Inafurthertwist,birthrateishighestinpoorlyeducatedruralareasandlowestinhighlyeducatedurbanareas.Intotal,25%ofIndia’sworking-agepopulationhasnoeducation.In2030,asixthofthecountry’spotentialworkforcecouldbetotallyuneducated.
Onesolutionisobviouslytoimportforeignworkersviaimmigration.AsfortheUSA,itisalmostuniqueamongdevelopednationsinhavingapopulationthatisexpectedtogrowby20%from2010—2030.Moreover,theUSAhasatrackrecordofsuccessfullyacceptingimmigrants.Asaresultit’slikelytoseeariseinthesizeofitsworking-agepopulationandtowitnessstrongeconomicgrowthoverthelongerterm.
PopulationChange
71.【答案】lower
【解析】根据"decliningbirthratecouldbeadefiningoneofthe21st"可知,21世纪的出生率比20世纪低,且much/even/far/alot/alittle等修饰比较级,故填lower。
72.【答案】size/scale
【解析】根据第二段中的"almostalldevelopednationsareexperiencingsub-replacementbirthrate"可知,发达国家人口出生率正在下降,即人口难以维持现有的规模,"maintain"一词是做题的依据,故填size/scale。
74.【答案】economic
【解析】接下来几段分别讲了中国、俄罗斯、印度的人口与经济问题,根据"economicdevelopmentbeforeapopulationdeclinehitsthecountry"可知答案。
75.【答案】old/older
【解析】根据"AgreatdeclineinyoungworkforceislikelytooccurinChina"可知,中国可能会迎来年轻劳动力的危机,故填older。
76.【答案】earlier
【解析】根据"thecountryhasshrunkby5%since1993andpeopleinRussialiveashorterlifenowthanthosein1961...butpoordietandabovealllong-timealcoholismhavemuchtodowithit"可知,俄罗斯人口由于缩短的寿命而急剧下降。
77.【答案】living/life
【解析】此处是说,如果俄罗斯人改变他们的生活方式,他们的情况可能会好一些。
78.【答案】equality
【解析】根据倒数第二段中的"butinthesouth,wheremosteconomicdevelopmentistakingplace,birthrateisfallingrapidly"可知,教育可以降低出生率,因此,可以通过普及教育来抑制人口增长。
79.【答案】immigration
【解析】根据最后一段中的"Onesolutionisobviouslytoimportforeignworkersviaimmigration."可知,通过移民来引入外来工人是解决劳动力短缺的一种方法。
80.【答案】compensate
【解析】根据最后一段中的"Moreover,theUSAhasatrackrecordofsuccessfullyacceptingimmigrants.Asaresultit’slikelytoseeariseinthesizeofitsworking-agepopulation"可知,美国的移民政策将会使劳动力有所增加。
接纳移民可以弥补劳动力的短缺。
2.【江苏省泰州市泰州中学2018届高三上学期开学考试】
任务型阅读(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最拾当的单词。
注意:
每个空格只填一个单词。
请将答案写在答题卡上相应的横线上。
“Thegaokao,China'snationalcollegeentranceexam,iswinningmorerecognitionasawayforuniversitiesoverseastoevaluateChinesestudents,”recruitingofficerssaid.
StanleyNel,vice-presidentofinternationalrelationsattheUniversityofSanFranciscointheUnitedStates,whoisresponsiblefortheuniversity'sadmissionsfromChina,saidhehadhadseveralinquiriesfromUSuniversitiesabouthowtorecruitChinesestudentsonthebasisoftheirgaokaoscores.
TheTestofEnglishasaForeignLanguage(TOEFL)andtheScholasticAptitudeTest(SAT)havelongbeentwomustsforstudentsfromothercounties,includingChina,toapplytostudyintheUS.
USF,aprivateuniversityinCalifornia,startedapilotprogramtoacceptChinesestudentsbasedontheirgaokaoscoresin2015.TheideacamefromUSFPresidentPaulFitzgerald'sbeliefthatstandardizedtestsliketheSATarenotverygoodpredictorsofhowwellstudentswilldoattheuniversity."Weareawareofthemanycriticismsthathavebeenmadeofthegaokao,butithastheadvantageofbeingwhateducationalexpertscalla'criterion-referenced'exam:
Ittestswhetherstudentsareabletomasteragivenbodyofknowledge,"hesaid.
Currently,atleastfourhighereducationinstitutionsintheUSarerecruitingChinesestudentsbasedontheirgaokaoperformances.TheIllinoisInstituteofTechnology,aprivateinstitutioninChicago,startedthepracticefirst,in2009.OutsidetheUS,countriesincludingSpain,Italy,Singapore,FranceandAustraliaalsorecognizegaokaoscores.
Morethan200studentsfromChinarequestedaninterviewwithUSFlastyear.74ofthemwereselectedforafollow-upinterview,44receivedoffersand20acceptedtheinvitationandjoinedUSFforthe2015fallsemester.Studentsadmittedinthiswayhavedone"exceptionallywell"inthepastacademicyear,Neladded."TheaverageGPAforallgaokaostudentsisabout3.5outof4.Forallotherstudents—Americanandnon-gaokaointernationalstudents—Americanandnon-gaokaointernationalstudents—theaverageGPAis3.2,"hesaid.
ZhuZihaogainedadmissionincomputersciencesatUSFin2015throughtheprogramandperformedwellinhisfirstacademicyear.HesaidthatstudentswhohadexperiencedChina'sgaokaousuallyhadcomprehensivebasicknowledge,whichhelpsthemexcelinstudies.
Nelsaid,"studentsadmittedthroughChina'sgaokaoarenotonlysmartbutextremelyconscientious(认真的)andhardworking."
"Thisyearwehopetorecruitabout50studentsinthisway,andevenmoreinyearstocome,"hesaid.
Thegaokao
Pastsituation
UniversitiesintheUSevaluatedChinesestudentsaccordingtotwo
(1)___________:
TheTestofEnglishasaForeignLanguageandtheScholasticAptitudeTest.
(2)___________situation
Thegaokaoisincreasingly(3)___________asawayofevaluatingChinesestudentsbyuniversitiesabroad.
(4)___________ofthepeopleconcerned
StanleyNel—thepersonresponsiblefortheuniversity’sadmissionsfromChina
●ChinesestudentshavingreceivedgoodscoresinthegaokaoperformedacademicallywellwhenstudyinginAmerica.
●ChinesestudentsadmittedthroughChina’gaokaoaresmart,conscientiousand(5)___________.
PaulFitzgerald—USFPresident
●Despitethe(6)____________thegaokaohasreceived,ithasitsadvantages.Ittestsstudents’(7)___________tomasteragivenbodyofknowledge.
●Somestandardizedtestscannot(8)___________students’performanceattheuniversitywell.
ZhuZihao—astudentadmittedtoUSFin2015
The(9)___________ofthegaokaoishelpfulfortheperformanceattheuniversitywell.
Futuresituation
MoreChinesestudentswillberecruitedbytheuniversitiesoverseas(10)___________ontheirperformanceinthegaokao.
【答案】1.musts2.Present/Current3.recognized4.Opinions/Views/Ideas/Beliefs5.hardworking
6.criticisms7.ability8.predict9.experience10.based
【分析】
1.信息查找题。
根据TheTestofEnglishasaForeignLanguageandtheScholasticAptitudeTest.可以定位到原文的第三段TheTestofEnglishasaForeignLanguage(TOEFL)andtheScholasticAptitudeTest(SAT)havelongbeentwomusts…所以填原词musts“必要条件”。
2.信息查找题。
根据universitiesabroad可以定位到原文第五段Currently,atleastfourhighereducationinstitutionsintheUSarerecruitingChinesestudentsbasedontheirgaokaoperformances.可知应该填Current/Presentsituation现状。
3.信息查找题。
根据原文第一段,可知将recognition替换成表格中的berecognizedas被当成,被认可。
4.总结概括题。
根据表格右侧的内容可知,左侧应该是总结:
相关人物的观点,故填Opinions/Views/Ideas/Beliefs。
5.信息查找题。
根据conscientious可以定位原文最后一段:
notonlysmartbutextremelyconscientious(认真的)andhardworking.
6.信息查找题。
根据PaulFitzgerald可以定位到原文第四段,其中Weareawareofthemanycriticismsthathavebeenmadeofthegaokao,butithastheadvantageofbeingwhateducationalexpertscalla'criterion-referenced'exam:
。
but作为转折可以替换成despiteofcriticism。
7.信息查找题。
根据第四段的最后一句Ittestswhetherstudentsareabletomasteragivenbodyofknowledge,将beableto换成ability。
8.信息查找题。
根据standardizedtests可以定位原文的第四段standardizedtestsliketheSATarenotverygoodpredictorsofhowwellstudentswilldoattheuniversity可以得出cannot后填动词原形predict。
9.信息查找题。
根据Zhuzihao可以定位到倒数第二段HesaidthatstudentswhohadexperiencedC
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