拓展训练19 历史与地理解析版高考英语一轮复习能力拓展之概要写作.docx
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拓展训练19 历史与地理解析版高考英语一轮复习能力拓展之概要写作.docx
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拓展训练19历史与地理解析版高考英语一轮复习能力拓展之概要写作
2021年高考英语能力拓展之概要写作19
历史与地理
1.阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Whyistheworld’spopulationgrowing?
Theanswerisnotwhatyoumightthink.Thereasonfortheexplosionisnotthatpeoplehavebeenreproducinglikerabbits,butthatpeoplehavestoppeddroppingdeadlikeflies.In1900,peoplediedattheaverageageof30.By2000theaverageagewas65.Butwhileincreasinghealthwasatypicalfeatureofthe20thcentury,decliningbirthratecouldbeadefiningoneofthe21st.
Statisticsshowthattheaveragenumberofbirthsperwomanhasfallenfrom4.9intheearly1960sto2.5nowadays.Furthermore,around50%oftheworld’spopulationliveinregionswherethefigureisnowbelowthereplacementlevel(i.e.2.1birthsperwoman)andalmostalldevelopednationsareexperiencingsub-replacementbirthrate.Youmightthinkthatdevelopingnationswouldmakeuptheloss(especiallysince80%oftheworld’speoplenowliveinsuchnations),butyou’dbewrong.Decliningbirthrateisamajorprobleminmanydevelopingregionstoo,whichmightcausecatastrophicglobalshortagesofworkforcewithinafewdecades.
AgreatdeclineinyoungworkforceislikelytooccurinChina,forinstance.Whatdoesitimply?
First,Chinaneedstoundergorapideconomicdevelopmentbeforeapopulationdeclinehitsthecountry.Second,ifotherfactorssuchastechnologyremainconstant,economicgrowthandmaterialexpectationswillfallwellbelowrecentstandardsandthiscouldinvitetrouble.
Russiaisanothercountrywithpopulationproblemsthatcouldbreakitseconomicpromise.Since1992thenumberofpeopledyinghasbeenbiggerthanthatofthosebeingbornbyamassive50%.Indeedofficialfiguressuggestthecountryhasshrunkby5%since1993andpeopleinRussialiveashorterlifenowthanthosein1961.Whyisthisoccurring?
Nobodyisquitesure,butpoordietandabovealllong-timealcoholismhavemuchtodowithit.Ifcurrenttrendsdon’tbend,Russia’spopulationwillbeaboutthesizeofYemen’sbytheyear2050.
InthenorthofIndia,thepopulationisboomingduetohighbirthrates,butinthesouth,wheremosteconomicdevelopmentistakingplace,birthrateisfallingrapidly.Inafurthertwist,birthrateishighestinpoorlyeducatedruralareasandlowestinhighlyeducatedurbanareas.Intotal,25%ofIndia’sworking-agepopulationhasnoeducation.In2030,asixthofthecountry’spotentialworkforcecouldbetotallyuneducated.
Onesolutionisobviouslytoimportforeignworkersviaimmigration.AsfortheUSA,itisalmostuniqueamongdevelopednationsinhavingapopulationthatisexpectedtogrowby20%from2010—2030.Moreover,theUSAhasatrackrecordofsuccessfullyacceptingimmigrants.Asaresultit’slikelytoseeariseinthesizeofitsworking-agepopulationandtowitnessstrongeconomicgrowthoverthelongerterm.
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【答案】
Theimpactofdroppingbirthrateinthe21stcenturymaybedisastroustobothdevelopedanddevelopingcountries,resultinginlackofyoungworkforce.(要点1)ThispopulationproblemfacingChinawillgreatlyaffectitseconomicgrowth.(要点2)TheearlierdeathofRussianscausedbypeople'swayoflifewillalsodamageitseconomicfuture.(要点3)Onesolution,likeAmerica,istoincreaseitspopulationthroughimmigration,whichwillcompensateforthedecline.(要点4)(71words)
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇概要写作题。
文章要求是写一篇60词左右的文章概要。
【详解】
分四个要点:
第一、出生率的下降也许是灾难,因为这样会缺少劳动力。
Theimpactofdroppingbirthrateinthe21stcenturymaybedisastroustobothdevelopedanddevelopingcountries,resultinginlackofyoungworkforce.(要点1)
第二、中国要面对的这个人口问题会严重影响其经济增长。
ThispopulationproblemfacingChinawillgreatlyaffectitseconomicgrowth.(要点2)
第三、因为生活方式导致俄罗斯人早死也会导致其经济问题。
TheearlierdeathofRussianscausedbypeople'swayoflifewillalsodamageitseconomicfuture.(要点3)
第四、一个解决方案就像美国一样增加移民以增加人口数量,这会弥补人口的衰减。
Onesolution,likeAmerica,istoincreaseitspopulationthroughimmigration,whichwillcompensateforthedecline.(要点4)
【点睛】
使用高级句型如使用现在分词和过去分词作各种成分:
...resultinginlackofyoungworkforce.作结果状语。
problemfacingChina作定语。
causedbypeople'swayoflife作death的定语。
非限制性定语从句的使用:
...immigration,whichwillcompensateforthedecline.(要点4)
2.阅读下面文章,基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Everycountryintheworldhasaflag.Aflagisapieceofclothwithapictureorpatternonit.Theflagisasymbolthatstandsforthecountry.Itisacustominmany placesforpeopletoflyorhangaflag.Theflagtellssomethingaboutthecountryanditsculture.Thismaybeaboutitsland,itshistory,orthethingsthatthepeopledothere.
Manyflagshavepatternsofstripes(条纹).TheflagofItalyhasagreenstripe,awhitestripeandaredstripe.EachstripetellssomethingaboutItaly.ThewhitestripeissymbolofItaly’ssnowymountains.Someflagsshowpictures.TheflagofCanadahasapictureofaredmaple(枫叶)leaf,whichisasymbolofthemapletreesinCanada.TheMexicanflaghasbothapatternofstripesandapicture.Thepictureshowsaneagleeatingasnake.ThispicturecomesfromaveryoldMexicanstory.
Aflagmayalsotellaboutacountry’spast.TheAmericanflagiscalledtheStarsandStripes.Ithaspatternoffiftystarsandthirteenstripes.Thefiftystarsareasymbolofthefiftystatesinthecountryandthethirteenstripesareasymbolofthecountry’sfirstthirteencolonies(殖民地).
However,aflagmaybeasymbolofagroup,aschooloraneventliketheOlympics.TheflagoftheOlympicsshowsfiveringsofdifferentcolorsthatconnect.EachringisasymbolforapartoftheworldthatjoinsintheOlympics.TheRedCrossisagroupthathelpspeoplewhoareintrouble.IfapersonseestheRedCrossflag,whichhasaredcrossagainstawhitebackground,heknowshecanaskforhelp.Peoplemayflyaflagasacustomonaholiday.Children’sDayinJapanisaholidaywhenthecountrywishesforchildren’shappiness.Itisacustomonthisdaytoflyaflagwithapictureofafish.
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【答案】Allcountriesintheworldhaveaflagwhichservesasasymboloftheirowncountryanditsculture.(要点一)Usually,flagshavepatterns,picturesorbothonthem.(要点二)Sometimes,aflagcanalsotellaboutacountry’shistory.(要点三)However,aflagcanalsobeusedforgroups,schoolsorevents.(要点四)
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于概要写作。
【详解】
概要写作是将阅读与写作有机结合,要求考生既能读懂文章信息,又要依据要求规范连贯地表达内容,其中准确概括很有挑战且十分重要,根据记叙文、议论文、说明文等不同文体作相应概括,总的来说,遵循以下步骤:
确定主题句;寻找关键词;重构主题句;重组支持句。
如本篇文章第一段引出话题:
世界上每个国家都有一面国旗,国旗能反映出这个国家和它的文化;第二段介绍了国旗的组成元素;第三指出国旗也可以讲述一个国家的过去;第四段指出国旗可能是一个团体、一所学校或像奥运会这样的活动的象征。
书写时注意使用适当的连接词连接这些要点,使上下句之间具有连贯性。
概要写作的基础是理解语篇,而读懂语篇的基础是词汇,尤其是对关键词汇的掌握与运用。
在此基础上,综合运用语法与句法结构,按照行文逻辑组织语言,就可以写出很好的概要。
【点睛】
概要写作时要先读懂原文,提取其中的主干信息,然后用自己的语言对原文的概况进行有条理的介绍,一定不要照抄原文原句,而是用熟悉的单词和句式表达,组成通顺连贯的短文。
同时注意要求的词数60左右的限制。
3.阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Whenitcomestothequestionofwherecurry(咖喱),yogaandBollywoodfilmscomefrom,theanswerisdefinitelyIndia,amoderncountrywhichachievedindependenceon15August,1947.AsoneoftheancientcivilizationsIndianculturehasinfluencedandinspiredotherculturesaroundtheworld.
First,Indianfood,especiallyitsrichlyspiceddisheswhicharecalled“curry”outsideIndia,hasbecomeafavoriteallaroundtheworld.MostcountrieshavetheirownversionofIndiancurry.InJapanitisverysweetandinThailandanIndian-stylechickencurryisservedalongsideThaicurries.Inmorecosmopolitancitiesaroundtheworld,youcanbuysamosas,friedsnackswithafillingofvegetables,spicesandsometimesmeat,andnaanbread.
Ifyouhaveeatentoomanysamosasandareworriedaboutyourhealth,tryyoga.ThisisanancientHinduphilosophyandsystemofexercisesoriginatinginIndia.Yogaisnowrecognizedallovertheworldasanintelligentformofexercise.Regularpracticecanhealminorillnesses,changeyourstateofmind,helpyouloseweightorworkyourmuscles.Moreandmoredifferenttypesofyogaarebeingdevelopedandtheoriginalposeshavebeenadaptedtosuitmodernneeds.Yogahasbecomesofashionableworldwidethatalotofcompaniesareusingpicturesofpeopledoingyogatoselltheirproducts!
ButoneofthemostfamousthingsaboutmodernIndiancultureistheIndianfilmindustry,knownasBollywood.Theusualstoryisaboutaboyandagirlwholoveeachotherbuttheirfamiliesdon'tapprove.Thereisalotofdancingandsinginginthefilmastheboyandgirltrytoconvincetheirfamiliestoletthemmarry.TheincreasinginterestinBollywoodfilmsinspiredAndrewLioydWebbertoproducethemusicalBombayDreams,whichisthefirstIndian-thememusicalshownonBroadway.
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