论汉语旅游景介的英译策略以石林景介为例03.docx
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论汉语旅游景介的英译策略以石林景介为例03.docx
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论汉语旅游景介的英译策略以石林景介为例03
1.Introduction
1.1LiteratureReview
MostofthetranslationstudiesontouristpublicationsinChinaarerelatedtocultranslation,functionalanalysisorevenjustthesummarizationofexperiencesintranslationpractices.Adetailedintroductionisasfollows:
(1)Culture-basedStudyofEnglishandChineseTouristMaterials
Culturalconnotationandcross-culturaldifferencesarestressedinFuWen’s“ABriefDiscussiononCulturalConnotationandTravelingTranslation”(2001).YangSuzheninSichuanNormalUniversity,LiJianmeiinSouthwesternUniversityofFinanceandEconomicsandLuAssimilationinChongqingUniversitypresentedtheirargumentsonthetranslationoftourismpublicityfromChinesetoEnglishundertheguideofthetheoryofcultranslation.
Besides,theresearchersapproachingChinesetourismtextstranslationfromtheperspectiveofcultureincludePuYuanming,YangShoukang,BuShaoxianandXingYiandsoon.Allofthemhavetheirownuniqueresearchandfindings.
(2)FunctionalAnalysisonTouristLiterature
HeShan,inherthesisforMaster’sDegree,“TheC-ETranslationofCulturalElementsinTouristPublicityMaterials---aFunctionalistPerspective”,firstexaminessomebasicknowledgeabouttouristpublicitymaterialincludingtheirclassifications,basicfunctions.GuoRuijuan,inherpaper“TextTypologyTheoryandEnglishTranslationofTourismMaterials”employsthetexttypologytheorywhichisadvocatedbyGermanscholarK.ReissandBritishscholarPeterNewmark,onthebasisofthefunctionoflanguage.Accordingtoher,thetranslatorshouldaimatfulfillingthecommunicationofthevocativeandinformativefunctionsoftourismmaterials.
(3)TheSummarizationofExperiencesinTranslationPracticeonStudies
ChenGangwhohadbeenworkinginforeignaffairsandtourismofficesforalongtimepublishedhisTourismTranslationandTourGuideInterpretation(《旅游翻译与涉外导游》)inwhichforthefirsttime“tourguide”and“translation”arestudiedtogetherfromtheperspectiveofthecombinationoftheoriesandpractice.Hepointsoutinhisbookthatthekeyoftourismtranslationispracticewhichrequirestheoreticalguidance.
Inspiredbytheideasinthearticles,thesisandbooksabove,theauthorwouldliketoprobeintothestrategiesofdomesticationandforeignizationintranslatingtourismpublicitymaterialsfromChinesetoEnglish.TheauthorhopesthatindoingsosomeideasmaybehelpfultotranslatorswhentranslatingChinesetouristtextintoEnglish.Methodologicallyspeaking,thethesisisdonebycontrastiveandexemplificativeanalysis,whichintegratestheexplanationandtheapplicationoftheory.
1.2TheNecessityoftheStudy
WithanincreasinginfluxofoverseastravelerscomingtoChinatoenjoyandappreciatetheamazingsceneryandexperiencetheuniqueChineseculture,touristmaterialsservenotonlyasasilentguidetoforeigners,butalsoasausefulmeanstopromoteChineseculture.
Basedontheaboveanalysis,thisthesisisintendedtoapproachthetranslationoftouristmaterialsfromaculturalperspectiveandthepointoftextanalysis.Inanarrowsense,arelativelyfullandpropertransferenceofaculturalmessagecanhelpwesterntouristsgetabetterunderstandingofChinesecultureandenjoytheirstaysinChina;inabroadsense,agoodtranslationwillpromotethespreadofChinesecultureandfacilitatethegrowthofChina’stourismindustry.TouristmaterialsserveasawindowforforeigntouriststoknowChinabetter.Avividandtrue-to-likedescriptionoftouristattractionswillarousetheinterestofpotentialvisitorsandspurthemtovisitChina,thuspressingaheadwiththetouristindustry,whichinturncontributestothedevelopmentofnationaleconomy.
2.TheClassificationofTouristMaterialTexts
Thetypesoftouristtextstobediscussedinthisthesisrefertothetextsoftouristmaterialwhicharemostimportantfortourismpromotionandprovidethemostessentialinformationfortourists.Inthisthesis,fromthetranslationpointofview,theC-Etranslationoftouristmaterialtextiscalledthetargettext(TT).Oncontrary,theChinesetouristtextiscalledthesourcetext(ST)ororiginaltext.TouristtextisdiversitywhichcouldbedividedintoMonotonousandComplex.Infactthecomplextextiscombiningallkindofmonotonoustexts(Informativetext,Expressivetext,Operativetext)together(ChenGang,2004:
313).Tothisthesisthemoreimportantoneisthatthetextoftouristmaterialisarepresentativecomplextext.Sointhischapter,weneedtalkaboutitwell.
2.1InformativeText
AccordingtothebookofLinguistics﹒ACourseBook,ProfessorHuZhuanglingsays“Languageservesaninformativefunctionwhenitisusedtotellwhatthespeakerbelieves,togiveinformationaboutfacts,ortoreasonthingsout”.Formostpeopletheinformativefunctionispredominantlythemajorroleoflanguage.Touristneedtoacquireallkindsofinformationwhentheystartatourtoanewplace.
Asaninformativetextabouttouristmaterial,itsmostimportanttargetistoprovideanaccurate,credibleandfaithfulcontentsandinformation.Beforepotentialvisitorsmakeuptheirmindstogosightseeing,theywanttoobtainsomerelevantinformationaboutthetouristdestination.Adetailed,accurateandattractivedescriptionwillstrengthenvisitors’resolvetogo.Therefore,theinformativeisanimportantfunction.
Theinformationofaninformativetextshouldbefaithfultothe“truth”oftheoriginal.Suchinformationincludes:
whatkindofplacetheywillvisit;whattheywillseeordoatthatplace;whatkindofentertainmenttheywillenjoyinthisplace;wheretheywillstayifneeded;howtheycangettherebyair,trainorbus...Forexample:
浙江濒临东海,气候宜人,地势由西南向东北倾斜,“山岭逶迤,山河奔流”。
(ChenGang.etal.2009:
236)
ItisasuccessfulsamplethatcouldgivetouristssomerealinformationofZhejiang.Inthissentence,thereisnoanyflowerydescriptionvocabulary.“濒临东海(borderingontheEastChinaSea)”couldgivereadersareallocationaboutZhejiang.“气候宜人(amildandpleasantclimate)”istoldreadersthattheclimateofZhejiangisveryfittotravelingthere.“地势由西南向东北倾斜,山岭逶迤,山河奔流”(Slopingfromsouthwesttonortheast,itfeaturesnumerousriversandrollinghillsandmountains.)alsoisanessentialinformationthattellsreadersthetruelandforms.Wholeofthissentencedescribesthelocation,climate,landformsofZhejianginbriefandcommonvocabularies.
Mostinformativetextsarelikethis.Theyareveryeasytounderstandandgivereadersclearinformation.Onthecontrary,anuncleartextwillmisleadtourists.Finallytheywillbesadnesswhenhegetsthetraveldestination,becausehefindswhatheunderstandknowledgeaboutthetourresortistoodifferentwithwhathesees.
2.2ExpressiveText
Thetextoftouristmaterialisapragmatictextwhichincludesproseandexpositionetc.Mostexpressivetextsareprose.Generally,theycontainwriters’ortranslator’spersonalthoughtsandfeelingswillanddesire,views,etc.Theauthor'spersonallanguagestyleistheexpressionelementsofexpressiontypetext.
Expressivetextisdescribingprose.Anexpressivetextismainlytodescribingavivid,interestingandattractingscenicspot.Inanexpressivetext,therearemanyflowerydescriptionpartsandallkindsofrhetoricsuchas:
Four-characterformat,parallelsandmetaphors.Forexample:
大自然的雕琢使石林千姿百态,可任人揣摩想象,有的如笋如柱,有的如利剑刺天;有的如婷婷少年,有的如壮士相搏;还有的如鸟似兽,像在奔跑、跳跃、仰首嘶鸣。
(ChenGang.etal.2009:
245)
ThisisanexamplewhichisusedtodescribeallkindsofpillarsofStoneForest.Thetextcontainsmanyauthor’spersonalthoughtsandfeelingsandusefiveparallelsentences.Thesefiveparallelsentencesarewithmanyfiguresofmetaphorsandpersonifications.ThissentencetransmitsthetrueinformationaboutthepillarsinStoneForestarewithmanyforms,andtheimportantaspectisitexpresstheuniquebeautyofthepillarsout.InthetextofChinesetouristmaterial,itisessentialthatusemanyflowerydescriptionsandrhetorictomakethetextoftouristmaterialeffectsaestheticfunctionbetter.
Anexpressivetextalwayscouldexpressthebeautyofascenicspotbetter.So,expressivetextisindispensableinatouristmaterial.
2.3OperativeText
Operativetextcorrespondsto‘vocativetext’inNewmark’terminologyandinthefollowingtext,“vocative”insteadofoperativeistobeused.Operativetextaidstoarouseothersinterestortakesanaction.Asthistext,atouristmaterialshouldpaymoreattentiontothereaders’reactions.Soitaskstranslatorsobeythereaders’appreciativehabitsandpsychologicalfeeling.Forexample:
此外,作为作为整体而言的风光还包括外石林。
外石林主要位于大小石林之外的周围风景区,景区内有许多奇峰异石,只要有时间,也值得一看。
(ChenGang.etal.2009:
244)
Asfortouristmaterials,inauthor’sopinion,theinformativefunctionisthepremisewhilethevocativefunctionisthegoal.Thepurposeoftouristmaterialsistoattractvisitors,arousetheirintereststovisitacertainscenicspotandaddfuntotheirtours.Inthisexample,aninvitationof“只要有时间,也值得一看(Timepermitting,itisveryworthvisiting.)”isaddedattheendtoreinforcethepromotingandappealingforceofthetext.Soithasthefunctionofoperativetext.Sothevocativefunctionisofutmostimportance.“Thevocativefunctionistheuseoflanguagetocreatecertainfeelingsinthehearer.”(HuZhuangling)Fortherelevantorganizationsoroperatorsoftourism,itisurgenttoattractmorepeopletovisitthetouristdestinations.Therefore,tourismEnglishisusedtoevokethetourists'feelingofdesiretocometovisitthatplaceorenjoytheservicestheyprovide,ofcourse,withpay.Finally,itmayarouseothersinterestingortakeanaction.
Thesethreekindsofmonoto
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- 汉语 旅游 策略 石林 03
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