春季四级冲刺辅导讲义.docx

春季四级冲刺辅导讲义.docx

《春季四级冲刺辅导讲义.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《春季四级冲刺辅导讲义.docx（112页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

春季四级冲刺辅导讲义

2011年春季四级冲刺辅导讲义

一、试题结构

四级考试试卷结构

考试项目

答题时限

题目数量

分值比例

第一部分

写作

30分钟

1道

占总分值15%

第二部分

快速阅读

15分钟

10道

（选择7道填空3道）

占总分值10%

第三部分

听力理解

35分钟

36道

占总分值35%

A节

B节

C节

第11-18题短对话

第19-25题长对话

第26-35题段落题

第36-46题听写题

1%×8

1%×7

1%×10

0.5%×8+2%×3

第四部分

仔细阅读

25分钟

15道

占总分值25%

A节

B节

第47-56题选择填空

第57-66题传统阅读

0.5%×10

2%×10

第五部分

完形填空

15分钟

完形20道

占总分值10%

第六部分

翻译

5分钟

5道

占总分值5%

二、试题全貌

2009年12月大学英语四级考试真题

PartⅠWriting（30minutes）

注意：

此部分试题在答题卡1上。

Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofCreatingaGreenCampus.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:

1.建设绿色校园很重要

2.绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境……

3.为了建设绿色校园，我们应该……

CreatingaGreenCampus

PartⅡReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.Forquestion8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

Collegestakinganotherlookatvalueofmerit-basedaid

Goodgradesandhightestsscoresstillmatter—alot—tomanycollegesastheyawardfinancialaid.

Butwithlow-incomestudentsprojectedtomakeupanever-largershareofthecollege-boundpopulationincomingyears,someschoolsarere-examiningwhetherthataid,typicallyknownas“meritaid”,isthemosteffectiveuseofpreciousinstitutionaldollars.

GeorgeWashingtonUniversityinWashington,D.C.,forexample,saidlastweekthatitwouldcutthevalueofitsaveragemeritscholarshipsbyaboutone-thirdandreducethenumberofrecipients（接受者）,pouringthesavings,about$2.5million,intoneed-basedaid.AlleghenyCollegeinMeadville,Pa.,madeasimilardecisionthreeyearsago.

Now,HamiltonCollegeinClinton,N.Y.,saysitwillphaseoutmeritscholarshipsaltogether.Nocurrentmerit-aidrecipientswilllosetheirscholarships,butneed-basedaidalonewillbeawardedbeginningwithstudentsenteringinfall2008.

Notallcollegesoffermeritaid;generally,themoreselectiveaschool,thelesslikelyitistodoso.HarvardandPrinceton,forexample,offergenerousneed-basedpackages,butmanyfamilieswhodon’tmeetneedeligibility（资格）havebeenwillingtopaywhatevertheymustforabig-nameschool.

Forsmallregionalcollegesthatstrugglejusttofillseats,meritaidcanbeanimportantrevenue-builderbecausemanyrecipientsstillpayenoughtuitiondollarsoverandabovethescholarshipamounttokeeptheinstitutionrunning.

Butforrankings-consciousschoolsinbetween,meritaidhasservedprimarilyasatooltorecruittopstudentsandtoimprovetheiracademicprofits.“They’retryingtobuystudents,”saysSkidmoreCollegeeconomistSandyBaum.

Studiesshowmeritaidalsotendstobenefitdisproportionatelystudentswhocouldaffordtoenrollwithoutit.

“Aswelooktothefuture,weseeamorepressingneedtoinvestinneed-basedaid,”saysMonicaInzer,deanofadmissionandfinancialaidatHamilton,whichhasofferedmeritscholarshipsfor10years.Duringthattime,itroseinUSNews&WorldReport’srankingofthebestliberalartscolleges,from25to17.

Meritaid,whichbenefitedabout75studentsayear,orabout4%ofitsstudentbody,atacostofabout$1millionayear,“serveduswell,”Inzersays,but“tobediscountingthepriceforfamiliesthatdon’tneedfinancialaiddoesn’tfeelrightanymore.”

Need-basedaidremainsbyfarthelargestshareofallstudentaid,whichincludesstate,federalandinstitutionalgrants.Butmeritaid,offeredprimarilybyschoolsandstates,isgrowingfaster,bothoverallandattheinstitutionallevel.

Between1995-96and2003-04,institutionalmeritaidaloneincreased212%,comparedwith47%forneed-basedgrants.Atleast15statesalsooffermeritaid,typicallyinabidtoenrolltopstudentsinthestate’spublicinstitutions.

Butinrecentyears,agrowingchorus（异口同声）ofcriticshasbegunpressuringschoolstodropthepractice.RecentdecisionsbyHamiltonandothersmaybe“asignthatpeoplearestartingtorealizethatthere’sthisdestructivecompetitiongoingon,”saysBaum,co-authorofarecentCollegeReportthatraisesconcernsabouttheroleofinstitutionalaidnotbasedonneed.

DavidLaird,presidentoftheMinnesotaPrivateCollegeCouncil,saysmanyofhisschoolswouldliketoreducetheirmeritaidbutfearthatindoingso,theywouldlosetopstudentstotheircompetitors.

“Noonecantakeone-sidedaction,”saysLaird,whoisexploringwhethertoseekanexemption（豁免）fromfederalanti-trustlawssomembercollegescandiscusshowtheycouldjointlyreducemeritaid,“Thisisamerry-go-roundthat’sgoingveryfast,andnoneoftheinstitutionsbelievetheycansustaintherisksoftryingtobreakawaybythemselves.”

Acomplicatingfactoristhatmeritaidhasbecomesopopularwithmiddle-incomefamilies,whodon’tqualifyforneed-basedaid,thatmanyhavecometodependonit.And,astuitionscontinuetoincrease,thelinebetweenmeritandneedblurs.

That’sonereasonAlleghenyCollegedoesn’tplantodropmeritaidentirely.

“Westillbelieveinrewardingsuperiorachievementsandknowthatthesetopstudentstrulyvaluethescholarship,”saysScottFriedhoff,Allegheny’svicepresidentforenrollment.

EmoryUniversityinAtlanta,whichboastsa$4.7billionendowment（捐赠）,meanwhile,istakinganotherapproach.Thisyear,itannounceditwouldeliminateloansforneedystudentsandcapthemformiddle-incomefamilies.Atthesametime,itwouldexpandits28-year-oldmeritprogram.

“Yeah,we’replayingthemeritgame,”acknowledgesTomLancaster,associatedeanforundergraduateeducation.Butithasitsstrongpoint,too,hesays.“Thefactofthematteris,it’snotjustaboutthelowest-incomepeople.It’stheaverageAmericanmiddle-classfamilywho’sbeingpricedoutofthemarket.”

*Afewwordsaboutmerit-basedaid:

Merit-basedaidisaidofferedtostudentswhoachieveexcellenceinagivenarea,andisgenerallyknownasacademic,athleticandartisticmeritscholarships.

Academicmeritscholarshipsarebasedonstudents’grades,GPAandoverallacademicperformanceduringhighschool.Theyaretypicallymeantforstudentsgoingstraighttocollegerightafterhighschool.However,therearescholarshipsforcurrentcollegestudentswithexceptionalgradesaswell.Thesemeritscholarshipsusuallyhelpstudentspaytuitionbills,andtheycanberenewedeachyearaslongastherecipientscontinuetoqualify.Insomecases,studentsmayneedtoberecommendedbytheirschoolorateacheraspartofthequalificationprocess.

Athleticmeritscholarshipsaremeantforstudentsthatexcel（突出）insportsofanykind,fromfootballtotrackandfieldevents.Recommendationforthesescholarshipsisrequired,sinceexceptionalathleticperformancehastoberecognizedbyacoachorareferee（裁判）.Applicantsneedtosendinatapecontainingtheirbestperformance.

Artisticmeritscholarshipsrequirethatapplicantsexcelinagivenartisticarea.Thisgenerallyincludesanycreativefieldsuchasart,design,fashion,music,danceorwriting.Applyingforartisticmeritscholarshipsusuallyrequiresthatstudentssubmitaportfolio（选辑）ofsomesort,whetherthatincludesacollectionofartwork,arecordingofamusicalperformanceoravideoofthemdancing.

1.Withmoreandmorelow-incomestudentspursuinghighereducation,anumberofcollegesare________.

A）offeringstudentsmoremerit-basedaidB）revisingtheirfinancialaidpolicies

C）increasingtheamountoffinancialaidD）changingtheiradmissionprocesses

2.WhatdidAlleghenyCollegeinMeadvilledothreeyearsago?

A）Ittriedtoimplementanovelfinancialaidprogram.

B）Itadded$2.5milliontoitsneed-basedaidprogram.

C）Itphasedoutitsmerit-basedscholarshipsaltogether.

D）Itcutsitsmerit-basedaidtohelptheneedystudents.

3.Thechiefpurposeofrankings-consciouscollegesinofferingmeritaidisto______.

A）improveteachingqualityB）boosttheirenrollments

C）attractgoodstudentsD）increasetheirrevenues

4.MonicaInzer,deanofadmissionandfinancialaidatHamilton,believes______.

A）itdoesn’tpaytospend$1millionayeartoraiseitsranking

B）itgivesstudentsmotivationtoawardacademicachievements

C）it’sillogicaltousesomuchmoneyononly4%ofitsstudents

D）it’snotrighttogiveaidtothosewhocanaffordthetuition

5.Inrecentyears,merit-basedaidhasincreasedmuchfasterthanneed-basedaiddueto______.

A）moregovernmentfundingtocollegesB）fiercecompetitionamonginstitutions

C）theincreasingnumberoftopstudentsD）schools’improvedfinancialsituations

6.Whatistheattitudeofmanyprivatecollegestowardmeritaid,accordingtoDavidLaird?

A）Theywouldliketoseeitreduced.

B）Theyregarditasanecessaryevil.

C）Theythinkitdoesmoreharmthangood.

D）Theyconsideritunfairtomiddle-classfamilies.

7.Whydoesn’tAlleghenyCollegeplantodropmeritaidentirely?

A）Raisingtuitionshavemadecollegeunaffordableformiddle-classfamilies.

B）Withrisingincomes,fewerstudentsareapplyingforneed-basedaid.

C）Manystudentsfrommiddle-incomefamilieshavecometorelyonit.

D）Risingincomeshavedisqualifiedmanystudentsforneed-basedaid.

8.Annualrenewalofacademicmeritscholarshipsdependsonwhethertherecipientsremain______.

9.Applicantsforathleticmeritscholarshipsneedarecommendationfromacoachorarefereewho______theirexceptionalathleticperformance.

10.Applicantsforartisticmeritscholarshipsmustproduceev