计网实验TCPIPConfiguration.docx

计网实验TCPIPConfiguration.docx

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计网实验TCPIPConfiguration

Test1.TCP/IPConfiguration

1.ClickStartandthenclickRun.TypethecommandorcmdandthenpressEnter.

2.AttheDOSprompt,typeNETHELPandpressEnter.Youshouldseesomethinglikethescreenbelow:

ThecommandyouareinterestedinistheViewcommand.Toobtaininformationaboutit,typeNETHELPVIEW,andpressEnter.

3.WhatisthepurposeofNETVIEW:

TheNETVIEWcommandshowsthenamesofthemachinespresentonyournetwork.Noticethatitliststhenamesofmachinesontheleft,incolumnlabelled“Servername”andanothercolumnlabelled“Remark”

4.ListthemachinesafteryouhavetypedNETVIEWfromthecommandprompt

ClosetheDOSwindowbytypingEXITonthecommandlineandthenpressEnter,orbyclickingtheClosebuttonintheupperrightcornerofthewindow.

ObtaintheTCP/IPConfigurationInformation

UsetheStartmenutoopentheCommandPrompt,anMS-DOS-likewindow.PressStart>Programs>Accessories>CommandPromptorStart>Programs>CommandPrompt.

ThefollowingfigureshowstheCommandscreen.TypeipconfigandpresstheEnterkey.Thespellingofipconfigiscriticalwhilecaseisnot.ItisshortforIPConfiguration.

ThisfirstscreenshowstheIPaddress,subnetmask,anddefaultgateway.TheIPaddressandthedefaultgatewayshouldbeinthesamenetworkorsubnet,otherwisethishostwouldnotbeabletocommunicateoutsidethenetwork.Inthefigurethesubnetmasktellsusthatthefirstthreeoctetsmustbethesametobeinthesamenetwork.

Note:

IfthiscomputerisonaLAN,thedefaultgatewaymightnotbeseenifitisrunningbehindaProxyServer.Recordthefollowinginformationforthiscomputer.

RecordthefollowingTCP/IPinformationforthiscomputer

6.

ComparetheTCP/IPconfigurationofthiscomputertoothersontheLAN

7.IfthiscomputerisonaLAN,comparetheinformationofseveralmachines.

RecordacoupleoftheIPAddresses:

1）IPsddresses1:

192.168.156.57

2）IPaddresses2:

192.168.156.66

Arethereanysimilarities?

前三个字段相同，

WhatissimilarabouttheIPaddresses?

最后字段存在差异

Whatissimilaraboutthedefaultgateways?

完全相同

TheIPaddressesshouldsharethesamenetworkportion.AllmachinesintheLANshouldsharethesamedefaultgateway.

CheckadditionalTCP/IPconfigurationinformation

Toseedetailedinformation,typeipconfig/allandpressEnter.ThefigureshowsthedetailedIPconfigurationscreen.

Thehostname,includingthecomputernameandNetBIOSnameshouldbedisplayed.Also,theDHCPserveraddress,ifused,andthedatetheIPleasestartsandendsshouldbedisplayed.Lookovertheinformation.EntriesfortheDNS,usedinnameresolutionservers,mayalsobepresent.

8.MarkthePhysicalAddress（MAC）andtheNICmodel（Description）.

9.Whilenotarequirement,mostLANadministratorstrytostandardizecomponentslikeNICs.Therefore,itwouldnotbesurprisingtofindallmachinessharethefirstthreeHexpairsintheadapteraddress.Thesethreepairsidentifythemanufactureroftheadapter.

10.WritedowntheIPaddressesofanyserverslisted（ifany）:

IPsddresses1:

192.168.156.57

IPaddresses2:

192.168.156.66

WritedownthecomputerHostName:

118stu-06

WritedowntheHostNamesofacoupleothercomputers:

DoalloftheserversandworkstationssharethesamenetworkportionoftheIPaddressasthestudentworkstation?

NO

Itwouldnotbeunusualforsomeoralloftheserversandworkstationstobeinanothernetwork.Itmeansthatthecomputerdefaultgatewayisgoingtoforwardrequeststotheothernetwork.

UsingpingfromaWorkstation

Accessthecommandprompt

UsetheStartmenutoopentheCommandPromptwindow.PressStart>Programs>Accessories>CommandPromptorStart>Programs>CommandPromptorStart>AllPrograms>CommandPrompt.

pingtheIPaddressofanothercomputer

Inthewindow,typeping,aspace,andtheIPaddressofacomputerlocatedinyourworkingarea.

11.ThefollowingfigureshowsthesuccessfulresultsofpingtothisIPaddress.

PingusestheICMPechorequestandechoreplyfeaturetotestphysicalconnectivity.Sincepingreportsonfourattempts,itgivesanindicationofthereliabilityoftheconnection.Lookovertheresultsandverifythatthepingwassuccessful.Isthepingsuccessful?

Ifnot,performappropriatetroubleshooting.成功

Ifasecondnetworkedcomputerisavailable,trytopingtheIPaddressofthesecondmachine.

Notetheresults.

pingtheIPaddressofaDHCPorDNSservers

12.TrytopingtheIPaddressofanyDHCPand/orDNSserverslistedinthelastexercise.Ifthisworksforeitherserver,andtheyarenotinthenetwork,whatdoesthisindicate?

Wasthepingsuccessful?

成功

pingthehostnameofanothercomputer

Trytopingthehostnameofthecomputerthatwasrecordedpreviously.Thefigureshowsthesuccessfulresultofthepingthehostname.

Lookovertheresults.Noticethatthefirstlineofoutputshowsthehostname,DESKTOPintheexample,followedbytheIPaddress.ThismeansthecomputerwasabletoresolvethehostnametoanIPaddress.Withoutnameresolution,thepingwouldhavefailedbecauseTCP/IPonlyunderstandsvalidIPaddresses,notnames.

Ifthepingwassuccessful,itmeansthatconnectivityanddiscoveryofIPaddressescanbedonewithonlyahostname.Infact,thisishowmanyearlynetworkscommunicated.Ifsuccessful,thenpingahostnamealsoshowsthatthereisprobablyaWINSserverworkingonthenetwork.WINSserversoralocal“lmhosts”fileresolvecomputerhostnamestoIPaddresses.Ifthepingfails,thenchancesarethereisnoNetBIOSnametoIPaddressesresolutionrunning.

pingtheIPaddressofthedefaultgateway

13.WhatistheIPaddressofyourdefaultgateway?

192.168.156.254

TrytopingtheIPaddressofthedefaultgateway.Wasitsuccessful?

成功

Ifthepingissuccessful,itmeansthereisphysicalconnectivitytotherouteronthelocalnetworkandprobablytherestoftheworld.

Typetracertatthecommandprompt,followedbyahostnameorIPaddressfromyourworkingarea.

tracertisTCP/IPabbreviationfortraceroute.TheprecedingfigureshowsthesuccessfulresultwhenrunningtracertfromonaLAN.ThefirstoutputlineshowstheFQDNfollowedbytheIPaddress.Therefore,aDNSserverwasabletoresolvethenametoanIPaddress.Ifyouareconnectedonahugenetwork（liketheInternet）therewillbelistingsofallroutersthetracertrequestshadtopassthroughtogettothedestination.

tracertusesthesameechorequestsandrepliesasthepingcommandbutinaslightlydifferentway.

Eachrouterrepresentsapointwhereonenetworkconnectstoanothernetworkandthepacketwasforwardedthrough.

14.Tracertawebsiteandexplainwhatyouhavefound.