综合教程第四册Unit 10 Text I 词汇学习.docx
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综合教程第四册Unit 10 Text I 词汇学习.docx
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综合教程第四册Unit10TextI词汇学习
THEIDIOCYOFURBANLIFE
HenryFairlie
1Betweenabout3a.m.and6a.m.thelifeofthecityiscivil.Occasionallythelonefootstepsofsomeonewalkingtoorfromworkechoalongthesidewalk.Allworkthathastobedoneatthosehoursisuseful-inbakeries,forexample.Eventhenewspaperpressesstopturningforestsintolies.Nowandthenacarcomesoutofthesilenceandcruiseseasilythroughtheblinkingtrafficlights.Thenaturalinhabitantsofthecitycomeoutfromdampbasementsandcellars.Withtheirpinkearsandpaws,sleek,well-groomed,theirwhiskerscombed,ratsaretruecitydwellers.Urbanlife,duringthehourswhentheyreign,isurbane.
◆civil:
adj.adj.1)(onlybeforenoun)connectedwithpeoplewholiveinacountry
国民的;平民的
e.g.civilunrest(=thatiscausedbygroupsofpeoplewithinacountry)
民众的骚乱
2)(onlybeforenoun)connectedwiththestateratherthanwithreligionorwiththearmedforces国家的,政府的(非宗教或军事的)
e.g.acivilmarriageceremony非宗教仪式的结婚典礼
3)(onlybeforenoun)involvingpersonallegalmattersandnotcriminallaw
民事的(非刑事的)
e.g.acivilcourt民事法庭
4)politeinaformalwaybutpossiblynotfriendly有礼貌的;客气的
◆lone:
adj.(onlybeforenoun)1)withoutanypeopleorthings
单独的;独自的;孤零零的syn:
solitary
e.g.alonesailorcrossingtheAtlantic
独自横渡大西洋的人
2)(especiallyBrE)withoutahusband,wifeorpartnertosharethecareofchildren
单亲的syn:
single
e.g.alonemother/parent/father单亲母亲/父亲
Idioms:
alonewolf:
apersonwhopreferstobealone好独处的人;喜欢单干的人
◆echo:
v.1)ifasoundechoes,itisreflectedoffawall,thesideofamountain,etc.sothatyoucanhearitagain回响;回荡syn:
reverberate
e.g.Herfootstepsechoedintheemptyroom.
她的脚步声在空荡荡的屋子里回响着。
Thegunshotechoedthroughtheforest.
枪炮声在林中回荡。
2)~(to/withsth)/~sth(back)tosendbackandrepeatasound;tobefullofasound
发出回声;产生回响;充满回声syn:
reververate
e.g.Thewholehouseechoed.整个房子充满回声。
Thestreetechoedwiththecriesofchildren.
街上回荡着孩子的哭声。
Thevalleyechoedbackhisvoice.
山谷里回荡着他的声音。
1)torepeatanideaoropinionbecauseyouagreewithit
重复,附和(想法或看法)
e.g.Thisisaviewechoedbymanyontherightoftheparty.
这是党内许多右翼分子都重复过的观点。
4)torepeatwhatsbelsehasjustsaid,especiallybecauseyoufinditsurprising
(尤因感到意外而)重复…话,模仿
e.g.“He’sgone!
”Vivechoed.“他去了!
”维夫重复道。
◆cruise:
n.1)ajourneybysea,visitingdifferentplaces,especiallyasaholiday/vacation
乘船游览;航行
e.g.I’dlovetogoonaround-the-worldcruise.
我很想乘船周游世界。
aluxurycruiseship豪华游轮
v.1)totravelinashiporboatvisitingdifferentplaces,especiallyasaholiday/vacation
e.g.TheycruiseddowntheNile.他们沿尼罗河而下乘船游览。
WespenttwoweekscruisingtheBahamas.
我们花了两个星期乘船游览巴哈马群岛。
2)(ofacar,plane,etc.)totravelatasteadyspeed以平稳的速度行驶
e.g.alightaircraftcruisingat4000feet
一架在4000英尺高度巡航的轻型飞机
acruisingspeedof50milesanhour
每小时50英里平稳行驶的速度
3)(ofacar,etc.oritsdriver)todrivealongslowly,especiallywhenyouarelookingatorforsth(尤指查看或寻找时)慢速行驶,巡行
e.g.Shecruisedaroundtheblocklookingforaparkingspace.
她绕着那个街区慢慢行驶,想找个停车的地方。
Taxiscruisedthestreets,lookingforfares.
出租汽车缓慢行驶在街上招揽顾客。
4)towinorachievestheasily轻而易举赢得(或获得);轻取
e.g.Thehometeamcruisedtovictory.
主队轻松取胜。
5)(slang)togoaroundinpublicplaceslookingforasexualpartner
(在公共场合)寻觅性伙伴,猎艳
◆sleek:
adj.1)(approving)smoothandshiny光滑的;光亮的
syn:
glossy
e.g.sleekblackhair乌黑油亮的头发
thesleekdarkheadofaseal黑乎乎、油光光的海豹脑袋
2)(approving)havinganelegantsmoothshape线条流畅的;造型优美的
e.g.asleekyacht造型优美的游艇
thesleeklinesofthenewcar新车流畅的线条
3)(oftendisapproving)(ofaperson)lookingrich,anddressedinelegantandexpensiveclothes阔气的;衣冠楚楚的;时髦的
e.g.asleekandambitiouspolitician衣冠楚楚、野心勃勃的政客
◆well-groomed:
adj.awell-groomedpersonisveryneatandclean,andlooksasiftheyhavetakencareovertheirappearance衣冠楚楚的
◆whisker:
n.1)(C)anyoflongstiffhairsthatgrownearthemouthofacat,mouse,etc.
(猫、鼠等的)须
2)whiskers(pl.)(old-fashionedorhumorous)thehairgrowingonaman’sface,especiallyonhischeeksandchin络腮胡子;连鬓胡子
◆reign:
n.1)theperiodduringwhichaking,queen,emperor,etc.rules君主统治时期
e.g.in/duringthereignofCharlesII
在查理二世统治期间
2)theperiodduringwhichsbisinchargeofanorganization,ateam,etc.任期;当政期
v.1)~(oversb/sth)toruleasking,queen,emperor,etc.统治;当政;为王;为君
e.g.thereigningmonarch当政的君主
QueenVictoriareignedfrom1837to1901.
维多利亚女王自1837年至1901年在位。
HerodreignedoverPalestineatthattime.那时,希律王统治巴勒斯坦。
2)~(oversb/sth)tobethebestormostimportantinaparticularsituationorareaofskill
成为最佳;成为最重要的
e.g.thereigningchampion冠军称号的保持者
Inthefieldofclassicalmusic,hestillreignssupreme.
在古典音乐领域,他仍然是最为杰出的。
3)(literary)(ofanidea,afeelingoranatmosphere)tobethemostobviousfeatureofaplaceormoment盛行;成为最显著的
e.g.Atlastsilencereigned(=therewascompletesilence).最后,万籁俱静。
◆urbane:
adj.(especiallyofaman)goodatknowingwhattosayandhowtobehaveinsocialsituations;appearingrelaxedandconfident温文儒雅的;练达的;从容不迫的
2Theseratsaresocialcreatures,asyoucantellifyoulookoutonthecitystreetduringaninsomniacnight.Butafter6a.m.,thetwo-legged,daytimecreaturesofthecitybegintostir;anditisthey,nottherats,whobringtheratrace.Youmightthinkthathumanbeingscongregateinlargecitiesbecausetheyaregregarious.Theoppositeistrue.Urbanlifetodayisaggressivelyindividualisticandatomized.Citiesarenotsocialplaces.
◆insomniac:
n.1)apersonwhofindsitdifficulttosleep失眠患者
◆ratrace:
n.(sing.)(disapproving)thewayoflifeofpeoplelivingandworkinginalargecitywherepeoplecompeteinanaggressivewaywitheachotherinordertobemoresuccessful,earnmoremoney,etc.(大城市里为财富、权力等的)疯狂竞争,你死我活的竞争
◆congregate:
v.1)tocometogetherinagroup群集;聚集;集合
e.g.Youngpeopleoftencongregateinthemainsquareintheevenings.
年轻人傍晚时经常聚集在大广场上。
◆gregarious:
adj.1)linkingtobewithotherpeople交际的;合群的
syn:
sociable
2)(biology)(ofanimalsorbirds)livingingroups群居的
3Thelunacyofmoderncitylifeliesfirstinthefactthatmostcitydwellerstrytoliveoutsidethecityboundaries.Sothetwo-leggedcreatureshavecreatedsuburbs,exurbs,andfinallyrururbs(rubstosome).Disdainingrurallife,theytrytocreatesimulationsofit.Noeffortissparedtoletcitydwellersimaginetheyarelivinganywherebutinacity:
patchesofgrassinthemoremodestsuburbs,broaderspreadsinthericheronesfurtherout;primnewtreesplantedalongthestreets;atthefootofthelargerbackyards,apretensetoboskywoodlands.
◆lunacy:
n.(U)1)behaviorthatisstupidorcrazy愚蠢的行为;疯狂
syn:
madness
e.g.It’ssheerlunacydrivinginsuchweather.
天气这样糟糕还开车,真是疯了。
2)(old-fashioned)mentalillness精神病;精神错乱;精神失常syn:
madness
◆exurb:
n.(N.Amer.)adistrictoutsideacity,especiallyaprosperousareabeyondthesuburbs
(北美)城市远郊(尤指近郊以外的富裕地区)
◆rururb:
(rural+urban)n.anareasharingruralandurbanwaysoflife
◆disdain:
n.(U,sing.)1)~(forsb/sth)thefeelingthatsb/sthisnotgoodenoughtodeserveyourrespectorattention鄙视;蔑视;鄙弃syn:
contempt
e.g.totreatsbwithdisdain鄙视某人
adisdainforthelaw对法律的藐视
v.(formal)1)tothinkthatsb/sthisnotgoodenoughtodeserveyourrespect鄙视;蔑视;鄙弃
e.g.Shedisdainhisofferofhelp.他提出要帮助,遭到她的鄙弃。
2)torefusetodosthbecauseyouthinkthatyouaretooimportanttodoit
不屑(做某事)
e.g.Hedisdainedtoturntohissonforadvice.
他不屑于向自己的儿子请教。
◆simulation:
n.1)(C,U)asituationinwhichaparticularsetofconditionsiscreatedartificiallyinordertostudyorexperiencesththatcouldexistinreality模拟;仿真
e.g.acomputersimulationofhowtheplanetfunctions
行星活动方式的计算机模拟
asimulationmodel仿真模型
2)(U)theactofpretendingthatsthisrealwhenitisnot假装;冒充
e.g.thesimulationofgenuineconcern假装真诚关心
◆prim:
adj.(disapproving)1)(ofaperson)alwaysbehavinginacarefulandformalway,andeasilyshockedbyanythingthatisrude一本正经的;循规蹈矩的;古板的
e.g.Youcan’ttellherthatjoke—she’smuchtooprimandproper.
你可别跟她讲那个笑话,她这个人古板正经的要命。
2)formalandneat正式的;端庄的syn:
demure
e.g.aprimsuitwithahigh-neckedcollar端庄的高领西服
◆pretense:
(NAmE)=pretence:
n.1)(U,sing.)~(ofsth/ofdoingsth)/~(that…)theactofbehavinginaparticularway,inordertomakeotherpeoplebelievesththatisnottrue
假想;伪装;虚伪的表现
e.g.Theirfriendlinesswasonlypretence.
他们的友善态度只不过是装出来的。
Bytheendoftheeveningshehadabandonedallpretenceofbeinginterested.
到晚会结束时,她已将假装的兴趣抛得一干二净。
Hemadenopretenceofgreatmusicalknowledge.
他未敢妄称音乐知识丰富。
Shewasunabletokeepupthepretencethatshelovedhim.
她无法继续假装爱他了。
2)(U,C,usuallysing.)~(tosth/todoingsth)(formal)(literary)aclaimthatyouhaveaparticularqualityorskill妄称;自称;标榜
e.g.awomanwithsomepretencetobeauty自诩有几分姿色的女人
Imakenopretencetobeinganexpertonthesubject.
我不敢自诩为这方面的专家。
◆bosky:
adj.coveredbytreesorbushes;wooded长满灌木的;树木丛生的;为树木所掩蔽的
e.g.aslow-movingrivermeanderingbetweenboskybanks
小溪在绿树成荫的两岸间缓慢流淌。
4Theprofessionalpeoplebuysecondhomesinthecountryassoonastheycanaffordthem,andasearlyaspossibleonFridayheadoutofthecitytheyhavecreated.TheNewYorkintellectualsandartistsquaintlysaytheyare“goingtothecountry”fortheweekendorthesummer,butinfacttheyhavecreatedalittleManhattan-by-the-SeaaroundtheHamptons,spreadingovertheLongIsland6potatofieldswhoseearliersolitudewaspresumablythereasonwhytheyfirstwentthere.Citydwe
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