汽车与变速箱毕业设计外文翻译.docx
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汽车与变速箱毕业设计外文翻译.docx
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汽车与变速箱毕业设计外文翻译
Motorsandgearboxes
Astheworldenergycrisis,andthewarandtheenergyconsumptionofoil--andarefullofenergy,inoneday,somedayitwilldisappearwithoutatrace.Oilisnotinresources.Soinoilconsumptionmustbecleanbeforefindingareplacement.Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologytheprogressofthesociety,peopleinventedtheelectriccar.Electriccarswillbecomethemostidealoftransportation.
Inthedevelopmentofworldeachaspectisfruitful,especiallywiththeautomobileelectronictechnologyandcomputerandrapiddevelopmentoftheinformationage.Theelectroniccontroltechnologyinthecaronawiderangeofapplications,theapplicationoftheelectronicdevice,cars,andelectronictechnologynotonlytoimproveandenhancethequalityandthetraditionalautomobileelectricalperformance,butalsoimprovetheautomobilefueleconomy,performance,reliabilityandemissionspurification.Widelyusedinautomobileelectronicproductsnotonlyreducesthecostandreducethecomplexityofthemaintenance.Fromthefuelinjectionengineignitiondevices,aircontrolandemissioncontrolandfaultdiagnosistothebodyauxiliarydevicesaregenerallyusedinelectroniccontroltechnology,autodevelopmentmainlyelectromechanicalintegration.Widelyusedinautomotiveelectroniccontrolignitionsystemmainlyelectroniccontrolfuelinjectionsystem,electroniccontrolignitionsystem,electroniccontrolautomatictransmission,electroniccontrol(ABS/ASR)controlsystem,electroniccontrolsuspensionsystem,electroniccontrolpowersteeringsystem,vehicledynamiccontrolsystem,theairbagsystems,activebeltsystem,electroniccontrolsystemandtheautomaticair-conditioningandGPSnavigationsystemetc.Withthesystemresponse,theusefunctionofquickcar,highreliability,guaranteesofenginepowerandreducefuelconsumptionandemissionregulationsmeetstandards.
Thecarisessentialtomoderntraffictools.Andelectriccarsbringusinfinitejoywillgiveusthephysicalandmentalrelaxation.Takeforexample,automatictransmissioninroad,cannotontheclutch,canachieveautomaticshiftandengineflameout,notsoeffectiveimprovethedrivingconveniencelightenthefatiguestrength.Automatictransmissionconsistsmainlyofhydraulictorqueconverter,geartransmission,pump,hydrauliccontrolsystem,electroniccontrolsystemandoilcoolingsystem,etc.Theelectroniccontrolofsuspensionismainlyusedtocushiontheimpactofthebodyandtheroadtoreducevibrationthatcargettingsmooth-goingandstability.Whenthevehicleinthecarwhentheroadunevenroadcanaccordingtoautomaticallyadjusttheheight.Whenthecarratioofheight,lowsettogasoroilcylinderfillingoroil.Ifisopposite,gasordiarrhea.Toensureandimprovethelevelofdrivingcarsdrivingstability.Variableforcepowersteeringsystemcansignificantlychangethedriverfortheworkefficiencyandthestate,sowidelyusedinelectriccars.VDCtovehicleperformancehasimportantfunctionitcanaccordingtotheneedofactivebrakingtochangethewheelsofthecar,carmotionsofstateandoptimumcontrolperformance,andincreasedautomobileadhesion,controllingandstability.Besidesthese,appearbeyond4WS4WDelectriccarscangreatlyimprovetheperformanceofthevalueandascendingsimultaneously.ABSbrakingdistanceisreducedandcankeepturningskillseffectivelyimprovethestabilityofthedirectionssimultaneouslyreducetyrewear.Theairbagappearinlargeprogramsprotectedthedriverandpassenger'ssafety,andgreatlyreduceautomobileincollisionofdriversandpassengersinthebuffer,toprotectthesafetyoflife.
Intelligentelectronictechnologyinthebustopromotesafedrivingandthattheotherfunctions.Therealizationofautomaticdrivingthroughvarioussensors.Exceptsomesmartcarsequippedwithmultipleoutsidesensorscanfullyperceptionofinformationandtrafficfacilitiesandtojudgewhetherthevehiclesanddriversindanger,hastheindependentpathfinding,navigation,avoidbump,noparkingfeesetc.Function.Effectivelyimprovethesafetransportofmanipulation,reducethepilotfatigue,improvepassengercomfort.Ofcoursebatteryelectricvehicleisthekey,theelectriccarbatterymainlyhas:
theuseoflead-acidbatteries,nickelcadmiumbattery,thebattery,sodiumsulfidesodiumsulfidelithiumbattery,thebattery,thebattery,theflywheelzinc-airfuelcellandsolarbattery,thebattery.Inmanykindofcells,thefuelcellisbyfarthemostwanttosolvetheproblemofenergyshortagecar.Fuelcellshavehighpollutioncharacteristics,differentfromotherbattery,thebattery,neednotonlyexternalconstantlysupplyoffuelandelectricitycancontinuouslysteadily.Fuelcellvehicles(FCEV)canbematchedwiththecarengineperformanceandfueleconomyandemissionintheaspectsofsuperiorinternal-combustionvehicles.
Alongwiththecomputerandelectronicproductconstantlyupgradingelectriccar,openclassinmaturetechnologyandperfected,thatdrivemoresafe,convenientandflexible,comfortable.Now,theelectriccarfromordinaryconsumersdistanceisstillveryfaraway,onlyafewpeopleinbandwagon.Electriccarswithtraditionaltocompeteinthemarket,thecarwillwaselectriccarsandintelligentcarreplaced.Thisisthequestionthatdayaftertimingwillcome.ABS,GPS,andvariousnew4WD4WS,electronicproductsandthemodernera,excellentperformanceautotacitunderstandingistie-in,bringusunparalleledprecisiondrivingcomfortandsafetyofdriving.
TheroleoftransmissionTheoutputoftheenginespeedisveryhigh,maximumpowerandmaximumtorqueatacertainspeedarea.Engineinordertoexertthebestperformance,itisnecessarytohaveavariable-speeddevices,tocoordinatetheenginespeedandtheactualwheelspeed.Transmissionprocessinthecar,inbetweentheengineandthewheelshaveadifferentgearratio,byshiftingtheenginecanworkattheirbestperformanceofstatepower.Transmissionsarethedevelopmenttrendofmoreandmorecomplex,increasinglyhighdegreeofautomation,automatictransmissionwillbethemainstreamofthefuture.TransmissiontypeAutomotiveautomatictransmissionhasthreecommonforms:
namely,AutomaticTransmission(AT),mechanicalsteplessautomatictransmission(CVT),electric-controlledmechanicalautomatictransmission(AMT).Atpresent,themostwidelyusedistheAT,ATalmostbecomesynonymouswithautomatictransmission.ATTorquebyTorque,andplanetarygearandhydrauliccontrolsystemcomponents,throughthehydraulictransmissionandgearportfolioapproachtoachievevariable-speedtorquevariation.OneofHydraulicTorqueisthemostimportantparts,whichpumpwheels,turbinesandcomponents,suchasguidepulleyofthetransmissionofbothtorqueandtheroleofclutch.ATcomparedwith,CVTsavethecomplexandcumbersomecombinationofvariable-speedgeartransmission,butthetwogroupstocarryoutvariable-speeddrivepulley.Bychangingthedrivingwheelanddrivenwheelcontactbeltspeedradius.Canceledbecauseofgear,sothetransmissionratiocanchangespeedmoresmoothly,withoutshiftingsenseofthesuddenjump.AMTandAutomaticTransmission(AT)arethesameclasshasautomatictransmission.Itisingeneralbasedonthemanualtransmission,throughtheinstallationofmicrocomputer-controlledelectricdevicetoreplacetheoriginalfinishbythemanualoperationoftheclutchofseparation,joint,andblocktransmissionoftheelection,motionshift,automaticshiftimplementation.Thegeneralstructureofautomobiletransmission
1.Easytransmissionofthebasicstructure:
theshell,transmissionandmanipulationofsomeparts.
(1)Shell:
Shellisthebasicpiecesofsupportfortheinstallationoftransmissionandstorageofallpartslubricants.Hasinstalleditsbearingontheprecisionboring.Transmissionundervaryingload,sothestiffnessoftheshellshouldbeenough,thereistostrengthenthewall,theshapeofthecomplex,asmanycastings(graycastironmaterials,commonlyusedHT200).Inordertofacilitatetheinstallation,transmissionandmanipulationofsomeSplitpartsarefrequentlymade,coverwiththehousingconnectedbyboltsandreliablepositioning.Shellhascomeonup,Iputtheoil,checkoilfootmouth,shouldalsobetakenintoheatdissipation.
(2)Transmissionparts:
isthegear,shaft,bearingsandothertransmissionparts.Geometryaxisthroughstrength,stiffnesscalculation.Mainlyduetodecideonthestiffness,whilethecarbonsteelandalloysteelelasticmodulusalmostequal,sothegeneraluseofcarbonsteel(commonlyused45steel).Onlyonegearwiththeshaftoraxleloadmadeseriousonlybysteel.Shaftandgearformanysplineconnection(forneutralgood,reliabletransmissionofpower,asmallcompressivestress,etc.).SplineshaftbearingpartsandletthesurfacehardeningtreatmentbytheDepartment.Shaftwithrollingbearingsupportsmany,easylubrication,highefficiency,smallradialclearance,axialpositioningshouldbereliable.Manywaystousesplashlubrication(υ>25m/s,aslongastheappropriateviscosityapparentlysuccumbedtothewall).(3)tomanipulateparts:
themaincomponentslocatedinsidethetransmissioncover.2.Thecompositionofthestructuralcharacteristicsoftransmission:
thereiseasyandefficienttransmission,theadvantagesofsimpleeasy-to-use-Junminebutafewfiles,ichangedthescopeofsmall(traction,speedsmall),filenumbershouldbetakenonlyatcertainlimitedCutused.Iftheincreaseinthescopeofi,thenincreasethesizesothattransmission,axlespanincrease,bothinordertoincreasethefile-axis
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