英语高二英语阅读理解试题有答案和解析及解析docx.docx
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英语高二英语阅读理解试题有答案和解析及解析docx.docx
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英语高二英语阅读理解试题有答案和解析及解析docx
(英语)高二英语阅读理解试题(有答案和解析)及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Fortopstudentsfromlow-incomefamilies,thechallengeofapplyingtocollegesisparticularly
difficult.1in4dealwithallofthat—thewriting,thestudying,theresearchingandapplying—
completelyontheirown.Oneapproachtomakethiswholeprocesseasier?
Pairstudentsupwith
anadviser.
That'stheideabehindCollegePoint,aninitiativetohelpgiftedstudentsgotoschoolsthat
matchtheirintellectual(智力的)ability.Whenahighschoolstudenttakesastandardizedtest—
thePSAT,SATorACT——andtheyscoreinthe90thpercentile,andtheirfamiliesmakeless
than$80,000ayear,theygetanemailfromtheprogramofferingthemafreeadviser.The
adviserslisten,guideandanswerstudents'questions.
ConnorRechtzigel,anadviserinMinnesota,seestheimportanceofhisrole,forresearchshowsthatlow-incomestudentsarefarmorelikelytoundermatchbecausetheydon'tthinktheyhavewhatittakestogetinandbecausemanydon'tevenknowwhatschoolsareoutthere.HehelpedhighschoolseniorJusticeBenjamin,thefirstinhisfamilytoapplytocollege,thinkaboutwhathisideallearningexperiencewas.Finally,Justicenarrowedinonsmallerschoolswherehecouldstudyenvironmentalscienceandmadehisfinalchoice:
SkidmoreCollegeinNewYork.Hefeltempoweredbytheprocess.
Figuringouthowtopayforcollegeisamajorpartofwhat,CollegePointadvisersdo.Nakhle,anadviserinNorthCarolina,isworkingwithHensley,anOhiohighschoolseniorwhocan'tgetextrafinancialhelpfromherfamily.Theyspentalotoftimecomparingandanalyzingherfinancial-aidawardletters,whichmadeherdecisionmuchclearer.Finally,theOhioStateUniversityofferedanoptionwhereshewouldpaynothing.Stayingin-statewasn'therfirstchoice,butitwasthebestoptionforher.
(1)Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?
(2)Whatpreventslow-incomestudentsfromattendingpropercolleges?
(3)WhydidHensleyfinallychoosetheOhioStateUniversity?
A.Shedidn'twanttostayfarfromhome.
B.Herfavoritemajorwasprovidedthere.
C.Shewouldshowhertalentstothefull.
D.Theuniversitymetherfinancialneeds.
(4)Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.HowtoBeaFinancialAdviser
B.StepsforTopStudentstoSelectIdealColleges
C.AdvisersHelpPoorStudentsApplytoSuitableColleges
D.CollegePoint—aProgramHelpingStudentsScoreHigh
【答案】
(1)A
(2)B
(3)D
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了一款帮助贫困家庭的优秀生申请合适大学的
虚拟建议程序。
(1)考查段落大意。
根据第二段
“That'stheideabehindCollegePoint,aninitiativeto
help
giftedstudents
gotoschoolsthatmatchtheirintellectual(智力的)ability.Whenahighschool
studenttakes
astandardizedtest—thePSAT,SATor
ACT——andtheyscoreinthe
90th
percentile,andtheirfamiliesmakelessthan$80,000
ayear,theygetanemail
from
the
programofferingthemafree
adviser.Theadviserslisten,guideand
answer
students'questions.
”可知本段讲述了
CollegePoint的建议者们对那些大学考试分数过关,但
是年收入不到
8
万美元的家庭提供免费的选择大学方面的指导。
可以得知讲述了
CollegePoint是如何运作的。
故选
A。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的
“...,forresearchshowsthatlow-incomestudentsare
farmorelikelytoundermatchbecausetheydon'tthink
theyhavewhatittakestogetinand
becausemanydon'tevenknowwhatschoolsareoutthere.
可知研究表明低”收入家庭的学生们
很可能选择的大学是低匹配的,因为他们不了解大学。
故选
B。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的
“Nakhle,anadviserinNorthCarolina,isworking
withHensley,anOhiohighschoolseniorwhocan'tgetextrafinancialhelpfromherfamily.They
spentalotoftimecomparingandanalyzingherfinancial-aidawardletters,whichmadeher
decisionmuchclearer.Finally,theOhioStateUniversityofferedanoptionwhereshewouldpay
nothing.家”境贫寒的Hensley和北卡来罗那的建议者一起分析她的经济救助奖项,使得她的大学选择更清晰。
可知Hensley选择俄亥俄大学是因为这个大学符合她的经济水平。
故选
D。
(4)考查主旨大意。
根据第一段中的“Oneapproachtomakethiswholeprocesseasier?
Pairstudentsupwithanadviser.,”以问答形式引出文章主题让申请大学更简单更匹配,可以选
择一款帮助贫困家庭的优秀生申请合适大学的虚拟建议程序。
故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断,段落大意和主旨大意四个题型的考查,是一篇科技类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Whileyourpetfishmayappeartobeunawareofyourpresence,chancesarethatitknowsyouextremelywellandcanprobablyevenidentifyyoufromacrowdofhumanfaces!
Totestifthiswasaccurate,somescientistsdecidedtostudyarcherfish(喷水鱼).Theseanimalsdon'thaveasophisticated(复杂的)brainthatisnecessarytorecognizetheslightdifferencesbetweenhumanfacialfeatures.
Theybeganbypresentingfourarcherfishwithimagesoftwohumanfaces.Initially,thefishspitatboth.However,theysoonlearnedspittingwaterattheoneselectedbytheresearchersearnedthemafoodtreat.Afterthat,theyfocusedprimarilyonthatimage.Theresearchersthentooktheexperimentonestepfurtherbyintroducing44otherhumanfacestothemix.
Totheresearcher'sastonishment,thetrainedarcherfishwereabletorecallthelearnedimagealmost81%ofthetime.Andthisaccuracyimprovedto86%whentheresearchersmadetheidentificationevenharder,byreplacingthecoloredphotoswithasetofblackandwhiteimagesandhidingtheshapeofthehead.
Theresultsofthestudysuggestthatthoughhavingtinybrains,archerfishmayhavedeveloped
highvisualdiscriminationabilities.Whileitiscontrarytotheprevioustheorythatasophisticatedbrainisnecessarytorecognizehumanfaces,theresearchersbelievetheydonotrecognizefacesbyrecallingcomplexfacialinformationlikegenderandidentity,butmorelikelybydiscriminating
betweendetailedpatterns.Evenso,thefactthatthesearcherfishcould“remember”thosefac
demonstratesthattheyhaveanimpressivememoryfordetailsthatlastsmuchlongerthanthe
originally-thought3seconds!
Thisisnotthefirsttimeresearchershaverealizedhow“smart”fishare.Previousstudieshav
shownthatfishcanrecognizethosefishtheyhavewith“prevsocializedously,and”evenrecall
complexthree-dimensionalmapsoftheirsurroundings.
(1)Whatisthepurposeofthestudy?
A.Todescribearcherfishareeasytoteach.B.Totellpeoplearcherfishliketoberewarded.
C.Toprovearcherfishcanrecognizehumanfaces.D.Toshowarcherfishcaneasilydevelopa
habit.
(2)Whydidtheresearchersuseblackandwhiteimages?
A.Theycouldgettheseimageseasily.B.Archerfishgottiredofcolorimages.
C.Theywantedtomakethetaskmoredifficult.D.Theseimageswouldn'tgetruinedby
water.
(3)Whatconclusiondidresearchersdrawinthestudy?
A.Archerfishhavea3-secondmemory.B.Archerfishcoulddistinguishdetailedpatterns.
C.Archerfishhaveaspecialformofcommunication.D.Archerfishcouldremembercomplex
facialinformation.
(4)Whatcanweinferfromthetext?
A.Fisharesocialanimals.B.Fishareascleverashumans.
C.Fishareabletotelldifferentshapes.D.Theresultsshockedtheresearchers.
1C
(2)C
(3)B
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了科学家对喷水鱼做的实验,实验表明鱼也很
“聪明”,它们没有复杂的大脑但是却有辨认面孔的能力。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段做的“Whileyourpetfishmayappeartobeunawareofyour
presence,chancesarethatitknowsyouextremelywellandcanprobablyevenidentifyyoufrom
acrowdofhumanfaces!
和第”二段做的“Totestifthiswasaccurate,somescientistsdecidedto
studyarcherfish(喷水鱼).可”知这项研究的目的是证明喷水鱼可以认出人脸,故选C。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据倒数第三段做的“Andthisaccuracyimprovedto86%whenthe
researchersmadetheidentificationevenharder,byreplacingthecoloredphotoswithasetof
blackandwhiteimagesandhidingtheshapeofthehead.可知研究人员使”用黑白图像是为了
增加这项任务的难度,故选
C。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据倒数第二段做的“Evenso,thefactthatthesearcherfishcould
‘remember’thosefacesdemonstratesthattheyhaveanimpressivememoryfordetailsthatlastsmuchlongerthantheoriginally-thought3seconds!
可推”知喷水鱼可以辨别精细的图案,故选
B。
(4)考查细节理解。
根据第四段做的“Totheresearcher'sastonishment,thetrained
archerfishwereabletorecallthelearnedimagealmost81%ofthetime.可知”研究结果令研究
人员非常吃惊,故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇科普类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,根据上下文进行逻辑推理,选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
TheAmericannewspaperhasbeenaroundforaboutthreehundredyears.In1721,theprinter
JamesFranklin,Benjamin'solderbrother,startedtheNewEnglandCourant,andthatwaswhat
wemightrecognizetodayasarealnewspaper.Hefilledhispaperwithstoriesofadventure,
articlesonart,onfamouspeople,andonallsortsofpoliticalsubjects.
ThreecenturiesaftertheappearanceofFranklin'sCourant,fewbelievethatnewspapersintheirpresentprintedformwillremainaliveforlong,Newspapercompaniesarelosingadvertisers,readers,marketvalue,andinsomecases,theirsenseofpurposeataspeedthatwouldnothavebeenimaginablejustseveralyearsago.ThechiefeditoroftheTimessaidrecently,“Atplaceswheretheygather,editorsaskoneanother,'Howareyou?
',asiftheyhavejustcomeoutofthehospitaloralostlawcase.”Anarticleaboutthenewspaperappealedonthewebsiteofthe
Guardian,undertheheadline“NOTDEADYET.”
Perhapsnot,buttheriseoftheInternet,whichhasmadethedailynewspaperlookslowandoutofstepwiththeworld,hasbroughtaboutarealsenseofdeath,SomeAmericannewspapershavelost42%oftheirmarketvalueinthepastthreeyears.TheNewYorkTimesCompanyhasseenitsstock(股票)dropby54%sincetheendof2004,withmuchofthelosscominginthepastyear.AmanageratDeutscheBanksuggestedthatstock-holderssellofftheirTimesstock.TheWashingtonPostCompanyhaspreventedthetroubleonlybychangingpartofitsbusinesstoeducation;itstestingandtest—preparationservicenowbringsinatleasthalfthecompany'sincome,
(1)WhatcanwelearnabouttheNewEnglandCourant?
A.Itismainlyabo
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