医学英语视听说课程内容编辑.docx
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医学英语视听说课程内容编辑.docx
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医学英语视听说课程内容编辑
Typesofabdominalpain
1.Colicky(绞痛0pain-causedbydistention(膨胀)ofahollowviscus(空脏器),suchasbowel.
2.Somatic(躯干身体)pain-causedbyinflammation(炎症)oftheparietalperitoneum(壁层腹膜);
3.Visceral(内脏的)pain-causedbyinflammationofthevisceralperitoneumandcapsuleofsolidorgans.
RightUpperQuadrant
Cholecystitis(胆囊炎)
1.Inflammationofthegallbladder 胆囊,causedbyductobstruction(管道堵塞)withagallstone.
2.Painisusuallysteadyforanhourormoreafteronsetandmadeworsebyeating.
3.Ifthereissignificantinflammationassociatedwiththecholecystitis,theremaybelocalperitonealpain(somaticpain)腹膜性疼痛.
4.Painmaybereferredtothescapular(肩胛的)areaandaccompaniesnausea恶心,vomiting,andfeverwithoutjaundice黄疸.
5.Diagnosedwithultrasound(超声).
Cholangitis 胆管炎
1.Causedbyobstructionofthebiliarytract(胆道)leadingtobacterialovergrowthinthegallbladder.
2.MarkedbyCharcot’sTriad(查科三联征)
–RUQ(右上腹)pain,jaundiceandfever.
3.Diagnosedbyultrasound.
4.IsanemergencyandmustbetreatedwithIVantibiotics(静脉抗生素).
5.Mayrequiredecompression(解压)via凭借endoscopic(内窥镜的)orsurgicalmeans.
Hepatitis(肝炎)
1.Causedbyinflammation(感染)oftheliverbyviruses(病毒),alcoholorcertaindrugs.
2.Markedbytender,enlargedliverwithmalaise(不舒服),feverandjaundice.
3.Diagnosedbyhistoryandlaboratoryevaluation-liverfunctiontestsandviralserologies.(病毒血清学的检查)
4.Treatmentdependsonetiology(病因,病原)ofdisease.
Pancreatitis(胰腺炎)
1.Mostcommonlycausedbyalcoholism(50%)andgallstones(30%)obstructingthecommonbile.(胆汁)duct(管道).
2.Constantmid-epigastric(上腹部的)visceral(内脏的)painusuallyoccurringafteraheavymealoralcoholicbinge.
3.Painmayradiatetotheback(50%)andisaccompaniedbynausea,vomitingandanorexia (厌食症).
4.Diagnosedbyamylase (淀粉酶)andlipase脂肪酶.ImagingbyCTscanmaybedesirableinsomecases.
LeftUpper
PepticUlcer (胃溃疡)
1.Causedbyincreasedgastricacidproduction(胃酸容物)ordecreasedmucosal(粘膜的)protection.
2.Increasedgastricacidproductionmaybecausedbyalcoholism(酒精中毒)orgastrinproducingtumor(Zollinger-EllisonSyndrome佐林格-埃利森综合征).
3.DecreasedmucosalprotectionmaybecausedbyoveruseofNSAID’s(非类固醇抗炎药)orbyinfectionwithHelicobacterpylori幽门螺旋杆菌.
4.Painisvisceralandmaybecomesomatic(腹膜性疼痛)ifperforation(穿孔)occurs.Theremayberadiationtotheback.
5.DiagnosedbyH.pyloriantigen(抗原)intheserum(血清),endoscopy内镜检查
DissectingAbdominalAorticAneurysm(主动脉瘤)(pass)
LeftLower(pass)
OvarianCysts(卵巢囊肿)(pass)
RightLower
Appendicitis
1.Causedbyobstructionoftheappendiceal(阑尾的)lumen(腔)
2.Painstartsasperiumbilical(脐周的)andmigrates(迁移)totheRLQ(McBurney’sPoint)
3.Isaccompaniedbynausea,vomitingandanorexia(厌食症).Mayhavefever-especiallyifruptured.
4.DiagnosedbyultrasoundorCTscan.
5.Treatmentissurgicalandisanemergencyifruptured.TheEnd
GeneralAbdominalPain
Somecausesofabdominalpainaregeneralizedandnotrestrictedtoanyspecificquadrant.
Gastritis(胃炎)
1.Causedbyinflammationofthegastrointestinaltractbymicroorganisms(微生物),radiation(放射物)andotherirritants(刺激物).
2.Describedasdiffuse(扩散)crampy(痉挛)痛abdominalpain.
3.Oftenaccompaniedbydiarrhea,nausea,vomiting,dehydration(脱水)andfever.
4.Diagnosisisbyhistoryandsoon
ColonCancer(结肠癌)(Pass)
BowelObstruction(肠梗阻)
1.Causedbyobstructionofthebowellumen(空腔)bymass,volvulus(肠扭转),intussusception(肠套叠)aroundscar(伤疤)adhesions(粘连).
2.Painiscolickyinnature,accompaniedbyvomiting
3.Maybeaccompaniedbywaterydiarrhea-
4.Diagnosedbyabdominalx-rayslookingfordistended(膨胀的)loops环结ofbowelandair-fluidlevels(气液面).
KidneyStones
1.Causedbyobstructionoftheupperurinarytract(上泌尿道)byastonethatisinduced(导致)bydehydration(脱水),infection,hypercalcemia (血钙过多)andothermetabolicimbalances.(代谢不平衡)
2.Painisdescribedascolickyandlocatedanywherefromtheflank(侧面)tothegroin (腹股沟).
3.Diagnosedbyintravenouspyelogram(静脉注射肾盂造影图),ultrasoundorCTscan.
AppropriateExam
1.Vitalsignstoevaluateforsignsofinfection,dehydration,shock,instability.
2.Inspectvisuallyfordistention,scars,jaundice,signsofhernias疝,ormasses.
3.Auscultate-highpitchedbowelsoundsmayindicateearlyobstruction.Nobowelsoundsindicateileus(肠梗阻).Increasedbowelsoundsmaybeassociatedwithgastritis.
4.PalpateandPercuss-fortenderness(疼痛),masses(包块),pulsation(脉动),hernias疝,,CVAtenderness0(脊肋角疼痛),liverandspleensize,ascites(腹水)andhyperresonance(过清音).
5.Pelvicexaminwomen
6.Rectalexam(直肠检查)
Chestpain
QuestionsforDiagnosis&treatment-chestpain
1.Possibledisease
M.I.(myocardialinfarction)心肌梗塞
Angina心绞痛
Pericarditis心包炎
Pulmonaryembolism肺栓塞
Pneumothorax气胸
Cholecystitis胆囊炎
Severeindigestion严重消化不良
Pneumonia肺炎
Pancreatitis胰腺炎
Musculoskelrtal骨骼系统性疼痛
2.Descriptionsofpain
Aches疼痛,,throbbing悸痛,pulsing疼痛,stings刺痛\likeastabbingpain,Sharppain,comesinwaves,suddenpain,
Mychestfeelstight
Itfeelslikeatightbandaroundmychest
Pressure,压迫感
USEFULSENTENCES
1.FORCHESTPAIN
HOWLONG,
WHATDOESTHEPAINFEELLIKE
SHOWMEWHERETHEPAINIS?
ISTHEPAINJUSTINTHATAREAORDOESITSPREADANYWHEREELSE?
DOUHAVEANYPAININURSHOULDERORDOWNURLEFTARM?
ISTHEPAINCONSTANTTHEREALLTHETIME
DOESTHEPAINGETWORSEWHENU--BRESTHEINOROUT?
--WALKAROUNDORDOHEAVYWORK?
Whatpainkillersdiduhave?
Aspirin(阿司匹林,paracetamol(扑热息痛)
HEREARETHEFORMS(化验单),UNEEDTOHAVESOMEBLOODTESTS,X-RAY,ANDECGRIGHTAWAY!
Urresultsshowthatuhave----,Iamafraiduwillhavetobeadmittedintohospitalfortreatment(住院治疗)
Uneedtohaveintravenousantibiotics(静脉输液),andoralmedication(口服药)。
Diarrhea
Questionfordiagnosis&treatment
–Diarrhea(腹泻)
1.PossibleDisease
Foodpoisoning食物中毒
Dysentery痢疾
IntestinalObstruction肠梗阻
Dehydration脱水
Intussusception肠套叠
Enteritis肠炎(小肠炎)
Crohn’sDisease节段性回肠炎
Irritablebowelsyndrome过敏性结肠炎
BowelTumor肠瘤
Constipation便秘
2.descriptivewordsforfaeces粪便anddiarrhea
Liquid液体watery水样
Lumpy粒状
Semi-soft半软
Mucous粘液
Bloodybloodyandlikejelly带血胶状
Darkbrown咖啡色
Creamcolor乳白色
Beige浅褐色
Dry干燥
Blackandsticky
黑色呈柏油
Smelly发臭的
Pus脓
Milkdeposits牛奶沉淀
Un-digested
未消化的
Pale白色
green
青色
Questionfordiarrhea
Howlong
Howmanytimes
Bloody?
Stool(大便)looklike?
Dotheysmell?
Painwhenuhavediarrhea?
Vomit?
Eatsomethingwrong?
Abletoeat?
howaboutfluids?
Anyfeverorheadache?
Doufeeldehydrated(脱水)?
Specimen(样品)ofstools;bloodtest;x-ray;ultrasound(超声
--------
Umusttakefluids,andjusthavealightdietuntilfeelbetter
Possiblebowelcancer(肠癌)
3timesaweek
2or3timesaday
Abitsoft,darkbrown
Notsmell
paingoingwith
Abdominalpainordiscomfort
Feelbloated腹胀
Pressonstomachandpalpate
Dotestofspecimenofurstools,bloodtest
Mightneedendoscopic内窥镜的,内窥镜检查的orsigmoidoscopy乙状结肠镜检查[术]
Questionforabdominalpain
QUESTIONSFORDIAGNOSIS&TREATMENT----ABDOMINALPAIN
1..POSSIBLEDISEASE
AbdominalObstruction腹胀[æbˈdɔmənəl
Appendicitis阑尾炎[əˌpendɪˈsaɪtɪs]
FoodPoisoning食物中毒
Hepatitis肝炎[ˌhepəˈtaɪtɪs]
Cholecystitis(gallstones)胆囊炎,(胆结石)[ˌkɔlisisˈtaitis]
GynecologicalProblems妇科疾病[ˌɡainikəˈlɔdʒikəl]
StomachUlcer胃溃疡[ˈʌlsə]
Pancreatitis胰腺炎[ˌpæŋkriəˈtaitis]
UrologicalProblems泌尿系统问题
Respiratoryproblems呼吸系统问题[ˈrespərəˌtɔ:
ri
Cardiovascularproblems心血管问题[ˌkɑ:
di:
əʊˈvæskjələ]
2.UsefulSentences
Howlong?
where?
howpainfulisit?
Didthepainstartthereorsomewhereelse?
Doesithurtmoreaftercertainexercisesoractions?
Doufeelthatuhavehadfeveratanytime?
AreupassingurineOK?
(你排尿正常吗?
)
Whatdoesururinelooklike?
Areuhavingyourbowelsopenregularly?
(排便正常吗)
Areumenstruating?
isitnormal?
Bleeding?
isitnormal?
Havingaperiod?
isitnormal?
(females,月经来了吗?
)
Areuvomiting?
Whatdouvomit?
Isthereapattern?
(一般什么情况下呕吐)
Areuabletoeatordrink?
Dougetpainaftereatinganddrinking?
Pleaselaydown,Ineedtoexamineu
Iwillneedtodosomeinvestigations:
bloodtests,x-rayandultrasound,urinetestsandstooltests
Cholecystitis
D:
Hello,mynameisDrpan,howcanIhelpu?
P:
Ihavehadabdominalpainforafewdaysandit’sgettingworse.
D;howlonghaveuhadabdominalpain?
P;aboutthreedays.
D;whereisit?
canushowme?
P:
yes,justhere.
D;howpainfulisit?
P:
atfirstitwasjustonandoff,butnowitseemstobethereallthetime.
D:
onascaleof1to10;ifnopainsis1andverypainful10,whatnumberwouldugiveyourpain?
P;I’dgiveita7
D;didthepainstartthereorsomewhereelse?
P;it’salwaysbeenthere.
D;doesithurtmoreafterexerciseoractions?
P;ifIamwalingaroundalot,itwillhurtabitmore.
D;doufeelthatuhavehadafeveratanytime?
P;no,Idon’tthinkso,IhavefelthotbutIhaven’ttakenmytemperature.
D;Ineedtotakeurtemperature,pulse,andB/P
AreupassingurineOK?
P;yes
D;whatdoesururinelooklike?
P;normal
D;areuhavingurbowelsopenregularly?
P;usuallyIdo,butIhaven’thadmybowelsopenforacoupleofdays.
P;haveuvomited?
D;no,IthoughtIwasgoingtotodaybutthefeelingpassed.
D;areuabletoeatanddrinkanything?
P;I’mdrinkingbutIhaven’treallyfeltlikeeating.
D:
whathaveubeendrinking?
P:
Ihavehadacoupleofglassesofwaterandacoupleofcupsofcoffee.
D:
doesthepaingetworseaftereatingordrinking、
P;no,notthatI'venoticed.
D;Ineedtoexamineyou.pleaselaydown,andloosenurclothingforme.
P;OK.
D;showmewhereithurts.
P:
ithurtsjustthere.
D;OKtakeanicebigbreath,breatheinandout,nowtryandrelax.
P:
ouch,thathurts.
D;OKthanks,ucanget
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