高级商务英语口语讲义.docx
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高级商务英语口语讲义.docx
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高级商务英语口语讲义
Lesson1FormalVerbalCommunicationinBusinessI
Lesson2FormalVerbalCommunicationinBusinessII
Lesson3Cross-CulturalCommunicationinBusiness
Lesson4BusinessEtiquette
Lesson5ContractEnglish
Lesson6NegotiationEnglish
Lesson7BusinessReporting
Lesson8BusinessNewsReading
Lesson9InterviewEnglish
LessonOne
FormalVerbalCommunicationinBusinessI
正式商业交流
(1)–研讨会
PartIObjectives
✧ProceduresofSeminarsLeadingandCommonlyUsedSentenceStructures
研讨会各个程序及常用句型
✧QuestioningTechniques
提问技巧
✧ALeaderandAGoodListener,AttheSameTime
做好的听众,做好的领导者
✧GivingCriticism
提出批评观点的技巧
PartIITheHow-Tos
LeadingSeminars/QuestioningTechniques
✧Generalproceduresofaseminar/lecture
1)Self-introduction
2)IntroductionofTopic
3)Describingsequencesandtiming
4)Highlightinginformation
5)Involvingtheaudience
6)Givinginstructions
7)Checkingunderstanding
8)Askingquestions
9)Clarifyingquestions
10)Evadingquestions
11)Invitingcomments
12)Interrupting
13)Transitions
14)Reformulations
15)Closing
✧LanguageReference
Self-introduction自我介绍
Goodmorning,I'm----andI'vebeeninvitedtogivethistalk/presentation/lecturebecause---
Ihavedoneresearchin/Ihaveaspecialinterestin/myexperienceisin
IntroductionofTopic话题介绍
Inmypresentation/talk/lecturetodayIshallbedealingwith---
Thesubjectofmy----todayis----
WhatI'dliketodotodayistointroduce/suggest/analyse/describe/explain
Mytopic/subjecttodayis---
Ishallbedealingwith2/3/4….mainareas/topics/subjectstoday
DescribingSequencesandTiming程序介绍与时间安排
FirstIwantto/spendafewminutesoutlining---/remindyouofthebackgroundto/summarisethe----/explain---/present---
NextIshall---/afterthatIwilltaketheopportunityofdescribing---/
Thenwe'lllookat---
FinallyIwantto---
HighlightingInformation重点介绍
(Rhetoricalquestions)
So,whatdoesthatmean?
/Howcanweinterpretthis?
/What'stheexplanationforthis?
/Whataretheimplicationsofthesefindings?
(Changeoffocus)
Whatthattellsusis/WhatI'msuggestingis/Whatisclearisthat
(Introducingauxiliaryverb)
Soclearlywedoneedto--/Obviouslytheydidunderstandthat---/Ofcourseyoudowantoknowwhy---
InvolvingtheAudience听者的参与
Let'shaveashowofhands,howmanyofyouagreewith----
I'msureweallknowwhatit'sliketo---
Letmeaskyoutospendacoupleofsecondsthinkingabout---
Well,whatwouldyoudo,Iwonder---
Justlookaroundtheroomandtakeanoteof/howmanymenarewearingatie---/howmanypeoplearewearingjeans---/theaverageageoftheparticipants
GivingInstructions给予指示
Forthisexercise,wearegoingtoworkinpairs:
groupsof3/4/5
Makeanoteofthesewords/figures
Readtheparagraphonpage---
PleasenotethatIshallbetimingtheexerciseandyouhaveexactly7minutes
Nowcompletethequestionnaireandputyournameinthetopleft-handcorner
CheckingUnderstanding随时观察听者反映
Iseveryonewithmesofar?
Arethereanyquestionsatthisstage?
Wouldanyonelikemetorunthroughthatagain?
Ifyouhaveanyproblemswiththedetail,don'tworrybecausealltheinformationisinyourhandout
AskingQuestions询问问题
Directquestions/open-ended:
What/why/how/where/when
Closedquestions:
Doyou/didyou
Delicatequestions:
Iwaswonderingif/couldIaskyou/wouldyoumindtellingme/ifit'snotindiscreetI'dliketoknow/mightIask/mayIask
ClarifyingQuestions澄清问题
Soyouwanttoknowabout---/isitthefiguresthatworryyou/whenyousay---doyoumean---/IfI'veunderstoodthequestionyouwanttoknowabout---
EvadingQuestions回避问题
That'snotreallymyfield---/that'sabitoutsidethescopeoftoday'stopic/Ihaven'tgotthepreciseinformationwithmetoday/that'snotreallyformetosay/I'dneednoticeofthatquestiontoansweryouinfull/thisisnotreallytheplacetodiscussthatmatter/perhapsthat'saquestionforanothermeeting
InvitingComments鼓励并听取意见
Hasanyonegotanyquestionsatthispoint?
Wouldanyoneliketocommentonthat?
Doesanyonedisagreewithmylastpoint?
Cananyoneconfirmmyexperience?
IfnobodyhasanyquestionsthenI'llmoveon
Interrupting中断
I'dliketodiscussitfurther,butIthinkit'stimetomoveon
CouldIjuststopyouthere---
IfImightjustadd----
I'msurewe'dallagree,butperhapsweshouldgetbacktothemainpoint
Transitions过渡
Ifwecouldnowturnto---/mynextpointis---/whatIwanttodonextis---/let'smoveonto---/thatcompletesmyanalysisof---/so,nowwearegoingto----
Reformulations总结
IfImightjustgooverthatagain---/so,insummary---/justtoremindyouofthekeyfacts/themainpoints/theadvantagesof---/mymainargumentswere---
Closing结束
Thankyouforlisteningtometoday
Ihopeyouhavefoundmypresentationuseful
Thankyouforyourattention
✧QuestioningTechniques 提问技巧
Reasonsforaskingquestions:
Toobtaininformation
Tofindouttheopinionsofotherpeople
Toaskotherpeopletocontributeideas
Tofindoutthereasonsbehindevents
Toseekconfirmation
Thestatusofthequestioner
Thequestionermayhaveanofficialneedtoaskquestions-work-role,legalpower,etc.,orthequestionermayhaveanentirelypersonalcuriositytosatisfy.Iftheroleisofficial,thequestionerneedstochoosethequestioningstylewithcareinordertoproducetherequiredresults.Questioningcanbequiteathreateningactivityinsomecircumstances.Forexample,ifthequestionerwantsinformation,thenthepersonwhohasthatinformationmayfeelthats/heisbeingaskedtogiveupsomethingthatrepresentsanadvantage.Ifthequestionerismerelycuriousinasocialsetting,thentheimportantpointisthelevelofdelicacyofthequestion.Inmostcultures,verypersonaldetailssuchashowmuchmoneyweearnistooprivatetoformthesubjectofquestionsbyothers.
Choicesofquestionstyle
Closedv.open
Closedquestionspermitonly'yes'/'no'answers.Theymaythereforebemorethreateningthanopenquestionsbecausetheyleavenoroomforexpansionorexplanation.Thequestionerneedstodecideifitwouldbemoretactfultoask:
Haveyoufinishedthatreportyet?
Or
Howareyougettingonwiththatreport?
Thefirstquestionimpliesthatthereportisnowdue;thesecondmerelyasksforaprogressstatement.Theopenquestionallowstherespondenttoelaborateanddoesnothaveovertonesofauthority.
Wh-typequestions
Questionsstartingwithquestionwords:
what,when,why,who,how,areopenquestionsbuttheyarealsoverydirect.Toomanyquestionslikethishavetheflavourofaninterrogationandmaymakethepersonbeingquestionedfeeluncomfortable.Itmaybenecessarytoprefacethequestionswithphrasesthatshowthequestionerisawareoftheintrusivenessofthequestion:
MayIaskyou…
Couldyoutellme…
Wouldyoumindtellingme…
IwonderifIcouldaskyou….
Iwouldbeinterestedinknowing…
Ifit'snotindiscreet,mayIask….
Iknowit'snotreallymybusiness,but….
Facilitativestylesofaskingquestions
Iftheintentionofthequestionerisreallytoprompttheinterlocutorindisclosinginformationfreely,thenquestiontechniquesmaynotbeappropriateatall.Insteaditmightbebettertoechoandtoreformulateinordertogivetheinterlocutortheopportunitytoexpand.
Illustrativedialogue
A.Well,Iliveinaflatinaratherpoorpartoftown.
B.Poorpartoftown…?
A.Yes,it'squitedirtyandthestreetsarebadlylit.That'swhyIdon'tlikegoingoutaloneatnight.
B.Soyou'refrightenedtogooutalone?
A.Well,yesbecausewehearofattacksandmuggings.That'swhyIwanttoleave.
Inthisdialogue,speakerBdoesn'ttrytotaketheinitiative,butmerelyechoesandreformulatestopromptspeakerAtosaywhatworriesher.
PartIIILet’sTalkBusiness
LEADINGTHROUGHCHANGE:
Listeningasaleader
Often,whenwethinkofcommunication,wethinkofspeaking,presenting,writing--deliveringamessageinsomeway.Butaneffectivecommunicatorisalsoadept(擅长于)atreceivingmessages.Youwon'tbudgepeopletowardagoaliftheydon'tfeelthatthey'vehadinput,thatthey'vebeenheardandunderstood,andthatthevisionthey'reworkingtowardisalsotheirownvision.Listeningtoyourfollowersistheonlywayyoucanmakethishappen.
Tobeagoodleader,HEAROUTwhatothershavetosay:
HoldjudgmentandholdeyefocusListencarefullyandwithanopenmind--ifyou'redefensiveyoumaymisscriticalinformation.Don'tformulateyouranswerwhileapersonisstillspeaking.Watchforsubtlebodylanguagethatmayofferextracluestothespeaker'struemeaning.Also,holdeyefocus.Ifyoudon'tlookatthepersonwhoisspeakingtoyou,youcan'testablishtrust.Asaleader,youwantfollowerstotrustyouandbelieveinyou.
Endallothertasks.Showrespectforpeoplebyputtingasideyourpaper,lunch,etc.,anddon'ttakephonecalls.You'llbebetterregarded,andyou'llsavetime.By"doingitrightthefirsttime,"therewon'tbemisunderstandingsoranyneedtorepeatinformation.Bereadytojobdownnotesasthepersonspeaks.
Allowthespeakertofinish.Don'tinterrupt.Don'tchangethesubject.Don'tfinishsentencesforthespeaker.Remainquietuntilyou'resurethespeakerhascompletedhisorherthoughts.
Readbetweenthelines.Asyoulistentothespeaker,listenforwhatmightbeleftunsaid.It'snotalwayseasyforapersontoapproachsomeoneinamoreseniorpositionandtellitlikeitis.Ifyouwanttogetanhonestopinionofsomeofyourideasandactions,you'llneedtoprobe.You'llalsoneedtovaluethatfeedbackandthepersonwhogaveittoy
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