名词单复数数词疑问词用法及练习初中英语必背知识点.docx
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名词单复数数词疑问词用法及练习初中英语必背知识点.docx
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名词单复数数词疑问词用法及练习初中英语必背知识点
一、词性的分类
1.名词noun n.student学生boy,morning,bag,ball,class,orange.
2.代词pronounpron.you你who,she,it
3.形容词adjectiveadj.happy高兴的good,right,white,orange
4.副词adverbadv.quickly迅速地very,often,quietly,slowly
5.动词verbv.cut砍、割am,is,are,have,see
6.数词numeralnum.one,two,three,first,second,third,fourth
7.冠词articleart.a一个an,the
8.介词prepositionprep.at在...in,on,from,above,behind.
9.连词conjunctionconj.and和but,before.
二、名词
名词的单复数(只用在可数名词)
1.基本变化规则
①一般在名词后加s,变成复数。
如boy→boys,pen→pens等。
②以s,x,sh,ch结尾的,在后面加es。
如class→classes,fox→foxes,brush→brushes,watch→watches。
但stomach的复数为stomachs。
③“以辅音字母+y”结尾的,y变为i,然后再加es。
如baby→babies,family→families。
④以f或fe结尾的名词英语中共有100多个,其中直接加s的有92个,但这些绝大多数不常用,如safe,roof,belief等;把f或fe改为v,再加es的只有13个,但13个都是常用的名词,如thief,life,wife,shelf,self,knife,half,leaf,wolf等。
thief→thieves,life→lives
⑤以o结尾的名词,除有生命的“两人两物”Negro,hero,tomato,potato等少数在后面加es外,一般是在后面直接加s。
如kilo→kilos,photo→photos,zoo→zoos,radio→radios,piano→pianos,video→videos。
⑥.以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词加s,读|z|
2.不规则变化
名词单数变复数的不规则变化要注意以下几点:
①含man的名词,一般变man为men。
如woman→women,policeman→policemen,Englishman→Englishmen。
但German→Germans。
②将oo改为ee的有foot→feet,tooth→teeth,goose→geese等。
③复数以en结尾的有child→children,ox→oxen等。
④将ouse改为ice的有mouse→mice,louse→lice(虱子)等。
⑤单复数同形的有sheep,deer,fish,means,works(工厂),Swiss,Japanese, Chinese等。
⑥复合名词变复数
一般的复合名词,只把中心词变为复数(中心词一般是第二个名词)
appletree→appletreespencil-box→pencil-boxes
由man和woman构成的复合名词,二者均变为复数
mandoctor→mendoctorswomanteacher→womenteachers
除人民币外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。
如:
adollar,twodollars
3.集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。
people(人们)police(警察)cattle(牲畜)是复数
(Right:
aperson,apoliceman,theEnglish,theFrench,theChinese,theJapanese)
(Wrong:
apeople,apolice,acattle)
4.以s结尾,仍为单数的名词
1.maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。
2.news是不可数名词。
5.表示由两部分构成的东西,glasses(眼镜)trousers(长裤)clothes(衣服)
若表达具体数目,要借助数量词pair(对,双)apairofglasses
结构:
数词或冠词+量词(s)+of+不可数名词。
例如:
abottleofmilk→twobottlesofmilkapieceofnews→fourpiecesofnews
6.另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思
goods(货物)waters(水域)woods(森林)
名词所有格:
名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。
2)
(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s。
如:
Childern’sDay(儿童节),mysister’sbook(我姐姐的书)
(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。
只在词尾加’。
如:
Teachers’Day(教师节)
(3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s.
today’snewspaper(今天的报纸),tenminutes’break(十分钟的课间休息),
China’spopulation(中国的人口).
(4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。
afinedaughteroftheParty(党的好女儿).
3)①‘s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如:
myaunt’s(我阿姨家),thedoctor’s(诊所)
②两人共有某物时,可以采用AandB’s的形式,如:
LucyandLily’sbedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室)
③“of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如:
afriendofmyfather’s(我父亲的一位朋友),afriendofmine(我的一位朋友)
单复数练习
一、写出下列名词的复数形式
1、orange__________2、class___________3、monkey__________4、piano___________
5、child___________6、shelf____________7、bed____________8、country___________
9、family___________10、toy__________11、foot__________12、radio__________
13、photo_________14、tomato_________15、woman_________16、knife__________
17、sheep__________18、ship__________19、dish___________20、mouse___________
二、用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空:
1.Therearethree_____________(chair)intheclassroom.
2.These_____________(tomato)arered.
3.Mybrotherlooksaftertwo_____________(baby)
4.Myfatherlikestoeat_____________(potato).
5.Chinese_____________(people)liketoeatnoodles.
6.Ihavealotof_____________(toy)inmybedroom.
7.Mymotherwash_____________(dish)inthekitchen.
8.Ihavetwo_____________(pencil-box).
9.Therearesome_____________(bus)inthestreet.
10.Monsterhaseight_____________(foot).
三、选择填空
1.Thereonthewall.Theyareverybeautiful.
A.arephotoesB.arephotosC.isaphotoD.isphotos
2.ThiscarmadeinShanghai.A.isB.areC.wereD.has
3.That’sartbook.A.anB.aC.theD.are
4.Theoldmanwants.
A.sixboxesofapplesB.sixboxesofappleC.sixboxofapplesD.sixboxsofapples
5.Theresomeintheriver.A.is,fishB.are,fishsC.is,fishsD.are,fish
6.Theretwointhebox.
A.is,watchB.are,watchesC.are,watchD.is,watches
7.Weshouldcleantwiceaday.A.ourtoothB.ourtoothsC.teethD.ourteeth
8.The_____meetingroomisnearthereadingroom.
A.teacherB.teacher’sC.teachers’D.teachers
9.Therearethreeonthefarm.A.birdB.sheepC.catD.duck
10.Thereisnointhebag.A.applesB.orangesC.cakesD.egg
11.Thepighasfour________.A.footB.feetC.foots
12.Mytwobrothersare________.A.policemanB.policemansC.policemen
13.MrBlackoftendrinksome_________.A.milkB.milksC.milkes
14.Therearesome_____onthefloor.A.childB.manC.books
15.Thecateatstwo_______onMonday.A.mousesB.miceC.mouse
16.Ineedapenandsome_____.A.booksB.deskC.chair
三、数词
1、基数词:
表示数目的词叫基数词。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
one
two
three
four
five
six
seven
eight
nine
ten
eleven
twelve
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
thirteen
fourteen
fifteen
sixteen
seventeen
eighteen
nineteen
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
twenty
thirty
forty
fifty
sixty
seventy
eighty
ninety
one(a)hundred
23
35
101
twenty-three
thirty-five
onehundredandone
1000→one(a)thousand,1000000→onemillion,
108→onehundredandeight,146→onehundredandforty-six,
500→fivehundred,1001→onethousandandone,
1813→onethousandeighthundredandthirteen.
2、序数词:
表示顺序的数词叫序数词。
1)英语的序数词基本变法:
(1)一般在基数词后加th,
(2)-ve结尾的改为-fth
(3)-ty结尾的改为-tieth,(4)熟记特殊词。
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
8th
9th
10th
11th
12th
first
second
third
fourth
fifth
sixth
seventh
eighth
ninth
tenth
eleventh
twelfth
13th
14th
15th
16th
17th
18th
19th
thirteenth
fourteenth
fifteenth
sixteenth
seventeenth
eighteenth
nineteenth
21st
22nd
23rd
35th
101st
twenty-first
twenty-second
twenty-third
thirty-fifth
onehundredandfirst
1000th→onethousandth,1000000th→onemillionth.,
第703→thesevenhundredandthird,
第5480→thefivethousandfourhundredandeightieth.
2)
(1)两位以上的序数词仅个位数部分用序数词,其余部分仍用基数词。
如:
thirty-sixth,
(2)使用序数词时一般加定冠词the.如:
I’minthethirdgrade.
(3)序数词作“几分之几”讲时,有复数形式。
如:
1/5→onefifth;2/3→twothirds;
4/7→foursevenths;1/2→ahalf;1/4→aquarter;3/4→threequarters;
50%→fiftyhundredths(fiftypercent).
4、数词的用法:
1、表示年份:
2002:
twentythousandandtwo;1976:
nineteenseventy-six.
2、表示日期:
12月1日:
Dec.1st或thefirstofDecember;2002年11月8日:
Nov.8th,2002.
3、表示时刻:
5:
15→fivefifteen或aquarterpastfive;8:
30→eightthirty或halfpasteight;10:
45→tenforty-five或aquartertoeleven.
4、表示编号:
Room105→Roomone0five;BusNo.13→BusNumberThirteen;P.5→PageFive;Tel.No.7658659→TelephoneNumberseven-six-five-eight-six-five-nine
5、小数的读法:
5.7→fivepointseven,0.16→zeropointonesix.
6、“半”的表达:
1/2→half,半小时→halfanhour,1.5小时→oneandahalfhours或onehourandahalf.
7、序数词前面加the时,表示顺序,加a/an时表示“再一、又一”。
如:
Thethirdlessonisratherdifficult.(第三课相当难)/Shallwereadthetextathirdtime?
(我们把课文读第三遍,好吗?
)
一、特殊疑问句
定义:
以特殊疑问词开头,对陈述句中的某一部分提出疑问,回答时针对问句中的代词和副词来回答,不用yes或no的句子叫特殊疑问句。
1.特殊疑问代词:
whatwhichwhowhosewhom
(1)whowhosewhom只能指人
who常作主语/宾语eg:
WhotaughtyouEnglishlastyear?
whom作宾语,可用who替代eg:
Whomdidyousee?
whose常作定语/表语eg:
WhosefatherworksinShenzhen?
(2)what用来询问物或数量,当用来询问人是涉及人的职业、身份或外貌
eg:
Whatwouldyouliketoeattoday?
Whatisyourmother?
(3)which用来询问人或物,一般有特定的选择范围
eg:
Whichisyoursisiterofthetwogirls?
2.特殊疑问副词:
whenwherewhyhow(howmuch/many/long/old/far/fast/often/soon)
疑问副词在句中通常作状语,可表时间、方式、原因等。
eg:
Whenwillyoucomeback?
Wheredidyouputyourmobilephone?
Whyareyoulate?
HowlongdidyoustayinBeijin?
3.特殊疑问句要点:
1)改句时,原句中如有助动词(be,can,must,shall,will等)的,把第一个助动词提前;原句中如没助动词(be,can,must,shall,will等)的,加do(各时态)
2)对主语提问时,用what或who代替划线部分,动词不变,如:
Jimworkshardestinourclass.→Whoworkshardestinyourclass?
3)对形容词、副词、及表方式的介词短语提问,用how
Peopleworkoutdifficultproblemswithcomputers.→Howdopeopleworkoutdifficultproblems?
4)对频率(如onceaweek,twiceamonth,always,sometimes)提问,用howoften
Ivisitmygrandparentstwiceamonth.→Howoftendoyouvisityourgrandparents?
5)对时间提问,用when;对钟点时刻的时间提问用Whattime.
Iusuallygetupat6inthemorning?
→Whattimedoyouusuallygetupinthemorning?
IwasbornonSeptember10th,2001.→Whenwereyouborn?
练:
对画线部分提问
1.Theyboughtanewbikeyestoday.2.Sheisanurse.
3.Thegirlinredismycousin.4.Hereadthebookforthreehours.
5.Shemadealivingbysellingnewspapers.6.Juliaoftentalkswithmeafterclass.
7.Therewere50studentsinourclasslastterm.8.TheycomefromHubei.
9.Timwenttoschoollatebecausehegotuplate.10.Itiswindy.
单项选择
()24.Ifyou_____ameeting,yougotothemeetingplaceontime,sitthere,listenandtakenotes.A.attendB.quitC.discuss
()25.A_______isacloselookatoracarefulcheckonourbodybyadoctor.
A.finaldecisionB.BusinessagreementC.Medicalexamination
()26.Richpeoplepreferthefirst-classticketsbecausetheserviceisbetterandtheseatsaremore_______.A.comfortableB.expensiveC.interesting
()27.---CanIpayincash?
---sorry,sir,butweonly_______creditcardshere.A.receiveB.acceptC.refuse
()28.---Thesalesmanagerwantsto_______newmarketsintheFarEast.
---Wow,that’sgreat.Ifhesucceeds,hewillbeveryrich.
A.openupB.actasC.takeoff
()29.Afriendwho_______helpyouisatruefriend.
A.hasnochoicebuttoB.IsunwillingtoC.Isalwayspreparedto
()30.---Mary,itwasimpoliteofyoutointerruptKatejustnow.
---Sorrymum,Iwilllistentoothers_______ne
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