届高考英语考前冲刺精选语法资料邪说英语语法连载九.docx

届高考英语考前冲刺精选语法资料邪说英语语法连载九.docx

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届高考英语考前冲刺精选语法资料邪说英语语法连载九

2020;2020届高考英语考前冲刺精选语法资料邪说英语语法连载（九）

邪说英语连载七：

状语从句（上）

诸君，上回说到了从句，其特点即其名字“从”与“句”两个字。

吃柿子拣软的，先拿最简单的“状语从句”开刀。

从句的从属地位，表现为结构完整的句子只相当于一个词的地位，根据其所相当的词性，分别为形容词从句，副词从句和名词从句。

形容词从句可作也只作定语，故等于定语从句；副词从句可作也只作状语，故为状语从句，而名词从句可作不同的成分，因而还只能叫名词从句，依其所作成分不同分别为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

副词从句作状语，往往修饰的是谓语动词或者整个句子，因此不像定语从句或名词从句一样与某一个部分纠结在一起。

它往往与主句相对，与主句界限分明。

位于句首时，状语从句还常以逗号与主句分开。

I’vebroughtmyumbrellaincaseitrains.

I’vebroughtmyumbrellabecauseitisraining.

I’vebroughtmyumbrellasothatIdon’tgetwet.

I’vebroughtmyumbrellaeventhoughit’snotraining.

Youdon’tneedanumbrellaunlessitisraining.

副词从句的从属连词标志从句的存在；表示从句与主句之间的逻辑关系；从属连词不是从句的组成成分，后跟一个结构完整的句子。

所以对于副词从句，关键是要找到从属连词，判断其表示与主句属于何种关系。

从属连词归纳

副词从句与从句的关系多种多样，表示这种关系的从属连词也随之多种多样。

归纳如下：

副词从句种类 常用连接词 特殊连接词

时间状语从句

when,while,as,before,

After,since,till,until,assoonas 一些时间名词：

themoment,theinstant,theday,theminute,nexttime,everytime;

一些副词：

instantly,immediately,directly;

固定搭配的连词：

nosooner…than,hardly…when,scarcely…when.

地点状语从句 Where wherever,anywhere,everywhere

原因状语从句 because,as,for,since seeingthat,consideringthat,nowthat,giventhat,inthat,inasmuchas,insomuchas

目的状语从句 sothat,onorderthat,that lest,forfearthat,incase;

Inthehopethat,onpurposethat,forthepurposethat,totheendthat

结果状语从句 so…that,sothat,such…that suchthat,tothedegreethat,totheextentthat,tosuchadegreethat,tosuchanextentthat

条件状语从句 if,unless suppose,supposing,providing,provided（supposed,provide非从句连词）

snconditionthat,solongas,aslongas

让步状语从句 although,though,eventhough,evenif while（一般用于句首），as（用于倒装结构）

Wh-ever:

whatever,whoever,whichever,however,whenever,wherever,whether…or…

as+ adj. +主谓结构用于句首

比较状语从句 as,than 其他比较句型：

themore…themore;justas…,so…;AistoBwhat/asCistoD;nomore…than;notAsomuchasB/notsomuchAasB

方式状语从句 as,theway

时间状语从句

表示将来时间时，从句用一般现在时

I’llspeaktohimwhenhearrives.（whenhewillarrive*）

WhenIfallinlove,it’llbeforever,orI’llneverfallinlove.WhenIgivemyheart,it’llbecomplete,orI’llnevergivemyheart.

*表“将来”的情态动词往往是用于基于一定条件的推测，而不用于表示作为前提的时间或条件等。

When:

某一时刻

I’llspeaktohimwhenhearrives.

I’lltellhimaboutitwhenhecomesback.

WhenIarrived,hewastalkingonthephone.

WhenIgotthere,hehadalreadyleft.

有时也可接延续动词，如：

ThedoorbellrangwhenIwastelephoning.

*When有时不作“当……时候”讲，而是相当于“……，这时”，这是需要特别注意的用法。

Adetectivearrestedacriminalandwasabouttohandcuffhimwhenahugegustofwindblewthedetective’shatoff.

考题

Iwaswalkingalongtheroad____suddenlysomeonepattedmeontheshoulderfrombehind.（CET-4）

a. immediately

b. when*

c. themoment

d. while

Whenever:

无论何时

Wheneveryousay“Iloveyou”,meanit.Wheneveryousay“I’msorry”,lookthepersonrightintheeyes.

Smilewheneveryoupickupthephone,forthecallerwillbeabletonoticeit.

While:

相当于duringthattime,表示一个时间段，故一般只接延续动词。

ThephonerangwhileIwastakingmybath.

ThedoorbellrangwhilewewerewatchingTV.

Adetectivearrestedacriminalandwasabouttohandcuffhimwhenahugegustofwindblewthedetective’shatoff.

“ShallIgoandfetchit?

”thecriminalasked.“Doyoutakemeforafool?

”askedthedetective.“YouwaitherewhileIgoandgetit!

”（goandfetch整体上构成时间段）

*由“同时”而引申，while表示的另一个重要的关系是“对比”。

until：

单独使用：

主句谓语动词为延续性动词，表示“到……为止”。

Waituntilhecomesback.

We’llstayheretillitstopsraining.

UntilIcameback,hewaswaitingformeatmyhome.

Not…until:

主句谓语动词为短暂动词，意为“直到……才”。

Ididn’trealizehowspecialmymotherwasuntilIbecameanadult.

Onewillneverrealizehowmuchandhowlittleheknowsuntilhestartstalking.

IcecreamdidnotreachAmericauntilaboutthemiddleoftheeighteenthcentury.

Ididn’tgotobeduntil12o’clocklastnight.

Hedidn’tleavetheofficeuntilhisbosscameback.

Notuntil:

主句倒装

Notuntilhesawhismotherdidthelittleboysmile

Itwasnotuntilhesawhismotherthatthelittleboysmiled.（为上句的强调结构）

一……就……

assoonas,theminute/themoment/theinstant,immediately,directly,instantly:

Itbegantorainassoonas/immediately/themomentIarrivedhome.

Hardly/scarcely…when,nosooner…than

NosoonerhadIarrivedhomethanitbegantorain.

Hardly/scarcelyhadIarrivedhomewhenitbegantorain.

Nosoonerhadwebegunhavingdinnerthanthedoorbellrang.

地点状语从句

通常由where引导

Staywhereyouare.

Afteryouarefinishedwiththebook,putitwhereitwas.

Adrivershouldslowdownwherethereareschools.

Thetreeofthiskindgrowsfavorablywhereitiswet.

考题

——，worksongsoftenexhibitthesongcultureofapeopleinafundamentalfrom.（TOEFL2000）

a. Theyoccurwheretheyare

b. Occurringwhere

c. Wheretheyoccur*

d. Wheredotheyoccur

Ihavekeptthatportrait_____Icanseeiteveryday,asitalwaysremindsmeofmyuniversitydaysinLondon.（96-01CET-4）

a. which

b. where*

c. whether

d. when

也可由wherever,anywhere,everywhere引导

Whereverhehappenstobe,Clintcanmakehimselfathome.

Everywheretheyappeared,therewereovations.

Whereverthereiswater,airandearth,thereisvegetation.

原因状语从句

because

表因果关系的语气最强，用来回答why的问句，所引出的原因往往是听话人所不知道或最感兴趣的。

YouwanttoknowwhyIamleaving?

IamleavingbecauseI’mfedupwiththejobandboss.

MyfriendsdislikemebecauseI’mhandsomeandsuccessful.

在主句是否定的情况下，because从句的理解有两种情形。

Ididn’tattendthemeetingbecausehewaspresenttoo.

可能有以下歧义：

因为当时也有他出席，所以我没有去参加这个会议。

我出席这次会议并不是因为有他参加。

Ididn’tmarryherbecauseIlivedher.

因为我爱她，所以我决定不跟她结婚。

我并不是因为爱她才和她结婚。

Since

表示人们已知的事实，不须强调的原因，故常译成“既然……”，通常放在句首。

SinceMondayisBob’sbirthday,let’sthrowhimaparty.

Sinceeveryoneishere,let’sgetstarted.

Sinceyouarefreetonight,whynotdropinandplaychesswithme?

考题

Youareleavingtomorrow,wecaneatdinnertogethertonight.（99-06CET-6）

a. For

b. Since

c. Before

d. While

As

As与since用法差不多，所引出的理由在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉而不须用because加以强调。

Shedidn’thearuscomeinasshewasasleep.

Ileftamessageasyouweren’tthere.

AsMondayisanationalholiday,allgovernmentofficeswillbeclose.

IhavetospeakEnglishwiththem,astheguysIlivewithdon’tknowanyChinese.

For

对前面分句的内容加以解释或说明。

Thedayswereshort,foritwasnowDecember.

Itrainedlastnight,forthegroundiswetthismorning.

比较：

becauseitrainedlastnight,thegroundiswetthismorning.

Itmustbemorning,forthebirdsaresinging.

Payattentiontoyourenemies,fortheyarethefirsttodiscoveryourmistakes.

比较：

as,for引导的主从句，重要性相对平等；

because从句则显得比主句重要，强调原因；

since则从句次于主句，重在说明将要做什么事。

目的状语从句

从属连词有：

sothat,inorderthat或that等，从句中常含有情态动词。

Theycarvedthewordsonthestonesothat/inorderthatthefuturegenerationshould/mightrememberwhattheyhaddone.

Weclimbedhigh（so）thatwemightgetabetterview.

Theteacherraisedhisvoiceinorderthatthestudentsinthebackcouldhearmoreclearly.

*联想省略后的不定式inordertodo/soastodo（逻辑主语或相同）或inorderforsbtodo（逻辑主语不同时）。

Allthekeywordsinthearticleareprintedinboldtypesoastoattractreaders’attention.

Weclimbedhighinordertogetabetterview.

Theycarvedthewordsonthestoneinorderforthefuturegenerationtorememberwhattheyhaddone.

Theteacherraisedhisvoiceinorderforthestudentsinthebacktohearmoreclearly.

考题

____Measurematterwemusthaveunitsofweight,volumeandlength.（CET-4）

a. Inorder

b. Inorderto*

c. Soas

d. Soasto

*soasto不可用于句首。

因为so本意为“如此”，只有先说了些什么，才谈得上“如此”“怎样”。

Lest,forfear（that）,incase:

以免、以防，深怕……

Takeanumbrellawithyoulestitshouldrain.

Peopleevacuatedthebuildingforfearthatthewallshouldcollapse.

Shecleansthewindowwithgreatcarelestshemightbreakthewindow.

Wehadameetingandtalkedthematteroverfacetoface,forfearthatthereshouldbeanymisunderstanding.

结果状语从句

so…that,such…that,so（that）,suchthat

a“JohnHancock”isaperson’ssignature.JohnHancockwasthefirstpersontosigntheAmerican“DeclarationofIndependence”.Hesigneditsolargeandboldthatnowweusehisnametorefertoanyone’ssignature.

Diplomatsandcrabsarecreatureswhomoveinsuchawaythatitisimpossibletotellwhethertheyarecomingorgoing.

Suchthat相当于so+形容词

Hisangerwassuchthathelostcontrolofhimself.

Heangerwassoexplosivethathelostcontrolofhimself.

Theweatherissuchthatwecanonlystayinair-conditionedplaces.

Theweatherissohotthatwecanonlystayinair-conditionedplaces.

考题

theperformancewassuch____theaudiencewasdeeplymoved.（CET-4）

a. as

b. that*

c. so

d. sothat

*省略式为so/such…asto,suchasto

Hewassuchafoolastobelievehim.

Hewassofoolishastobelievehim.

Hervoicewassuchastomakeeveryonestare.

sobadastomakeeveryonestare.

soloudastomakeeveryonestare.

考题

Hisstoryis_____toarouseoursympathy.

a. suchas*

b. sosad

c. toosad

d. sosadas

Thewindowsare____smallasnottoadmitmuchlightatall.（CET-4）

a. very

b. as

c. too

d. so*

Wouldyoube_____domeafavor,please?

（CET-4）

a. sokindto

b. kindasto

c. askindto

d. sokindasto*

so,such的区别

有不定冠词时，两者皆可用，用法不同

sucha（an）+形容词+单数可数名词

so+形容词+a（an）+单数可数名词

sobeautifulaflower

suchabeautifulflower

soniceaday

suchaniceday

无冠词时，只用such

suchbeautifulflowers,suchnicedays

*sobeautifulflowers

suchniceweather,suchgreatpatience

sogreatpatience

但表数量的形容词前一般用so

somanyflowers,somuchpatience,somuchfun,sofewcars,solittlecare

考题

Althoughapplesdonotgrowduringthecoldseasons,appletreesmusthaveasuchseasoninordertoflourish.（TOEFL）

Recentlyintheautomobileindustry,multinationalcompanieshavedevelopedtothepointwheresuchfewcarscanbedescribedashavingbeenmadeentirelyinonecountry