太上感应篇英文版.docx
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太上感应篇英文版.docx
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太上感应篇英文版
TractateoftheMostHighOne
onActionsandConsequences
TractateoftheMostHighOne
onActionsandConsequences
TractateoftheMostHighOne
onActionsandConsequences
太上感应篇
TàishàngGǎnyìngPiān
ChapterLinks
(Chapterdivisionshavebeeninsertedbyme.Theoriginaltextiscontinuous.)
I.TheWorkingsofGoodandEvil
II.HowToBeGood
III.WhatHappensToGoodPeople
IV.TheCrimesoftheWicked(longestsection)
V.TheFateoftheWicked
VI.HopeforThoseWhoRepent
Introduction&Explanation
UnquestionablythemostimportantliterarygenreforthevastmajorityofChineseinlaterdynastieswasthemoralitytract.Suchworksweregenericallycalled"goodbooks"(shànshū善书).
Theseworkswerefullofeverythingfromclaimsaboutcosmicjusticetohackneyedproverbsandtalesofthefellfateofthosewhoignoredthem,fromlamentationsovertheperpetuallyrambunctiousyoungtoinjunctionsagainstthedrowningofunwantedinfants,frompottedbiographiesofmoralexemplarstojinglesaboutbeingkindtothesenile.
Veryfewwereproductionsofsignificantliterarymerit,andthewholegenretendedtobescornedbytheliterati(asitistoday).Manywerewrittenbymediumsintrancethroughtheuseofoneoranotherkindofouijaboard(planchette),apracticewhichcontinuestothepresent.(SeeJordan&Overmyer1986,Overmyer1976.)Andsuchworkswere(andare)printedinmillionsandmillionsofcopiesfromsmallpressesalloverChinafordistributionforfree,usuallyfromthe"takeone"tablesofpopulartemples.Thecostwasborneasanactofreligiousmeritnotjustbythewealthy,butsometimesbypeopleofquitemodestmeans.Manyaddedintroductionsorannotations,oftenarguingforgreatreligiousmerittobehadbyfrequentreadingorchantingofthetext.
Amongsuchworks,nonehaseverrivaledthe"TractateoftheMostHighOneonActionsandConsequences"orTàishàngGǎnyìngPiān太上感应篇.
PaulCarus,inhisintroductiontoa1906translationoftheworkthathepreparedincooperationwithTeitaroSuzuki,opinedthat,"ItseditionsexceedeventhoseoftheBibleandShakespeare…"(p.3).Intheintroductiontohisowntranslationin1918,JamesWebsterremarksthattheTractate,
…isperhapsthemostcelebratedtractintheannalsofliterature.Abookthathasbeenscatteredbroadcastamongapeoplenumberinghundredsofmillions,andtha5forseveralcenturies,mustbealmostwithoutparallel.
…thewidespreadcirculationofthetexthasmademanyofitspithyphrasespartofthecommontalkofthepeople,andonecannotlistenlongtoanyconversation,evenonthemostmundaneaffairsofdailyanddomesticlife,withouthearingsomeexpressionstheoriginofwhichistobefoundinthefamouslittlebook.(Pp.1-2)
TheTractateprobablyoriginatedinplanchette-writingsessions,forithasthehackneyedphrasesandchoppyflowthatcharacterizemanysuchworks,aswellastheseeminglyendlessandrepetitivelistofthosehumandeficienciesthatstrikeamateurmoralistsaroundtheworldassoespeciallyfascinating.
The"MostHighOne"referredtointhetitleisnoneotherthanLăozĭ老子,thelegendaryfounderofDaoism,whosespiritremainstothisdayafrequentvisitorinspiritwritingséances.
TheTractatehasbeenassociatedwiththeworkofaIVth-centuryDaoistnamedGĕHóng洪,whocalledhimselftheMasterEmbracingSimplicity(Bàopúzĭ抱朴子),buttheworkisquitecertainlynotfromhishand.LaterscholarshavesuggesteditmaydatefromaslateastheMíng明dynasty(1368-1644,period20)orasearlyastheSòng宋dynasty(960-1279,period15).
Whateveritsorigin,bythetimeofEuropeancontactintheXIXthcentury,theTractatehadsufficientprominencetoinspireFrenchandEnglishtranslationsin1816,1828,1830,1835,and1884,inadditiontotheearlyXXth-centuryonesmentionedabove(Webster,pp.10-11).Ifitsubiquityhasfadedsomewhattoday,togetherwiththe"goodbooks"literaturemorebroadly,itneverthelessremainsoneofthemostcommonreligioustractsinChina.Andquotationsandparaphrasesfromitmaystillbeheardinspokenlanguage,justastheywereacenturyandmoreago.
Thetranslationofferedhere,whileinformedbypreviousones,ismyownandhasbeenbeenpreparedforuseinmyclasses.IhaveincludedthefullChinesetextinbothcharactersandromanizationforthebenefitofthemajorityofmystudentswhoarealsostudyingChineseandwhomaythereforebecuriousabouttheoriginaltext.
Otherinstructorsshouldfeelfreetousethetextinanywaytheyplease.Nofurtherpermissionisnecessary.
Workscitedabove:
CARUS,Paul&TeitaroSUZUKI
1906T'ai-shangkan-yingp'ien:
Treatiseoftheexaltedoneonresponseandretribution.LaSalleIL:
OpenCourtPublishing.
JORDAN,DavidK.&DanielL.Overmyer
1986Theflyingphoenix:
aspectsofChinesesectarianisminTaiwan.Princeton,NJ:
PrincetonU.Press.
OVERMYER,DanielL.
1976FolkBuddhistreligion:
dissentingsectsinlatetraditionalChina.CambridgeMA:
HarvardU.Press.
WEBSTER,James
1918Thekanyingpien:
bookofrewardsandpunishments.Shanghai:
PresbyterianMissionPress.
ThepictureshowsaXIXth-centurytractprintingshop.(reproducedfromCarus1906,p.133)
ChapterI:
TheWorkingsofGoodandEvil
Themosthighonesays:
太上曰:
太上曰:
Tàishàngyuē:
“Disastersandblessingshavenoentrygatesoftheirown;theyaresummonedbypeople.
「祸福无门,惟人自召;
「禍福無門,惟人自召;
“Huòfúwúmén,wéirénzìzhào;
Theeffectsofgoodandevilarelikeshadowsfollowingtheirforms.”
善恶之报,如影随形。
」
善惡之報,如影隨形。
」
shàn'èzhībào,rúyǐngsuíxíng.”
Andsoheavenandearthhavespiritswhorecordcrimes,
是以天地有司过之神,
是以天地有司過之神,
Shìyǐtiāndìyǒusīguòzhīshén,
andinproportiontotheseverityoftheircrimes,theyshortenhumanlivesappropriately.
依人所犯轻重,以夺人算。
依人所犯輕重,以奪人算。
yīrénsuǒfànqīngzhòng,yǐduórénsuàn.
Becauseofthisnotonlymayaperson’slifebecutshort,buthealsobecomespoorordestitute,hiscalamitiesaremany;
算减则贫耗,多逢忧患。
算減則貧耗,多逢憂患。
Suànjiǎnzépínhào,duōféngyōuhuàn;
Peopleallhatehim;punishmentsanddisastersfollowhim
人皆恶之,刑祸随之。
人皆惡之,刑禍隨之。
Rénjiēèzhī,xínghuòsuízhī,
Goodfortuneavoidshimwhileevilstarspersecutehim.
吉庆避之,恶星灾之。
吉慶避之,惡星灾之。
Jíqìngbìzhī,èxīngzāizhī;
Andwhenhisspanofyearsiscomplete,hedies.
算尽则死。
算盡則死。
Suànjìnzésǐ.
Andthentherearealsothegodsofthethreetowersandthenorthstar,residingabovetheheadsofordinarypeople.,
又有三台北斗神君,在人头上。
又有三台北斗神君,在人頭上。
YòuyǒuSāntáiBěidǒushénjūn,zàiréntóushàng.
Theytoorecordpeople’scrimesandevilactions,andshortentheyearsoflifeinthesentence
录人罪恶,夺其纪算。
錄人罪惡,奪其紀算。
Lùrénzuì'è,duóqíjìsuàn.
Andtherearethethreecorpsespirits,residinginthehumanbody.
又有三尸神,在人身中。
又有三尸神,在人身中。
YòuyǒuSānshīshén,zàirénshēnzhōng.
OneachKēngshēndayinthecycleof60days,theyascendtoheaventoreportpeople’scrimesandfailings.
每到庚申日,辄上诣天,言人罪过。
每到庚申日,輒上詣天,言人罪過。
MěidàoGēngShēnrì,zhéshàngyìtiāncáo,yánrénzuìguò.
OnthelastdayofthemonththeStoveGodalsodoesthis.
月晦之日,灶神亦然。
月晦之日,竈神亦然。
Yuèhuìzhīrì,zàoshényìrán.
Forordinarypeopleoffensescutoffajì(12years)ifgreat,whilesmalloffensescutoffasuàn(100days).
凡人有过,大则夺纪,小则夺算。
凡人有過,大則奪紀,小則奪算。
Fánrényǒuguò,dàzéduójì,xiǎozéduósuàn.
Offensesgreatandsmallarisefromcountlessmatters,
其过大小,有数百事,
其過大小,有數百事,
Qíguòdàxiǎo,yǒushùbǎishì,
andthoseseekingimmortalitymustavoidthem.
欲求长生者,先须避之。
欲求長生者,先須避之。
yùqiúchángshēngzhě,xiān
ChapterII:
HowToBeGood
Followtherightpath,andretreatfromthewrongone.
是道则进,非道则退。
是道則進,非道則退。
Shìdàozéjìn,fēidàozétuì.
Donotfollowevilpaths,norsininsecret.
不履邪径,不欺暗室。
不履邪徑,不欺暗室。
Bùlǜxiéjìng,bùqīànshì.
Accumulatemerit,showacompassionateheartinallthings.
积德累功,慈心于物。
積德累功,慈心於物。
Jīdélèigōng,cíxīnyúwù.
Beloyal,filial,friendly,andbrotherly;bycorrectingyourself,transformothers.
忠孝友悌,正己化人。
忠孝友悌,正己化人。
Zhōngxiàoyǒutì;zhèngjǐhuàrén.
Pityorphansandbecompassionatetowidows,respecttheelderlyandbekindtotheyoung.
矜孤恤寡,敬老怀幼。
矜孤恤寡,敬老懷幼。
Jīngūxùguǎ,jìnglǎohuáiyòu.
Donoteveninjureinsects,grasses,andtrees.
昆虫草木,犹不可伤。
昆蟲草木,猶不可傷。
Kūnchóngcǎomù,yóubùkěshāng.
Besaddenedbyotherpeople’smisfortunesanddelightbytheirgoodfortune.
宜悯人之凶,乐人之善。
宜憫人之兇,樂人之善。
Yímǐnrénzhīxiōng,lèrénzhīshàn.
Helpthoseinneedandrescuethoseindanger.
济人之急,救人之危。
濟人之急,救人之危。
Jìrénzhījí,jiùrénzhīwēi.
Regardthegainsofothersasthoughtheywereyourown.
见人之得,如己之得。
見人之得,如己之得。
Jiànrénzhīdé,rújǐzhīdé.
Andregardthefailingsofothersasyourownfailings.
见人之失,如己之失。
見人之失,如己之失。
Jiànrénzhīshī,rújǐzhīshī.
Donotexposeotherpeople’sweaknesses,norboastofyourownstrengths.
不彰人短,不炫己长。
不彰人短,不炫己長。
Bùzhāngrénduǎn,bùxuànjǐcháng.
Condemnevilandpromotevirtue,renouncemuchandacceptlittle.
遏恶扬善,推多取少。
遏惡揚善,推多取少。
Èèyángshàn,tuīduōqǔshǎo.
Sufferhumiliationwithoutresentment,receivebenefitsasthoughstartled.
受辱不怨,受宠若惊。
受辱不怨,受寵若驚。
Shòurǔbùyuàn,shòuchǒngruòjīng.
Extendhelp,butdonotrequestcompensation,helpotherswithoutlaterregrets.
施恩不求报,与人不追悔。
施恩不求報,與人不追悔。
Shīēnbùqiúbào,yǔrénbùzhuīhuǐ.
TractateoftheMostHighOne
onActionsandConsequences
ChapterIII:
WhatHappensToGoodPeople
Whenapersonisknownasvirtuous,peopleallpraisehim.
所谓善人,人皆敬之。
所謂善人,人皆敬之。
Suǒwèishànrén,rénjiējìngzhī,
Heaven’sWayprotectshim,happinessandwealthfollowhim,
天道佑之,福禄随之,
天道佑之,福祿隨之,
Tiān
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