Anesthesia Regimens.docx
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Anesthesia Regimens.docx
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AnesthesiaRegimens
Anesthesia/AnalgesiaRegimens
静脉注射(iv)
腹腔注射(ip)
口服(po)
皮下注射(sc,SQ)
灌胃(ig)
AnesthesiaandAnalgesiaofMice
ParenteralAnesthesiaofMice:
Agent
Dose
Durationofsurgicalanesthesia
Pentobarbital
50mg/kgIP
20-40minutes
Tribromoethanol(avertin)
240mg/kgIP30
15-45minutes
Metomidate/fentanyl
60mg/kg+0.06mg/kgSQ29
20-30minutes
Ketamine/xylazine
80-100mg/kg+10mg/kgIP29
20-30minutes
InhalationalAnesthesiaofMice:
Methoxyflurane甲氧氟烷andHalothane氟烷arenolongeravailablefromvendorsintheUnitedStates. Isoflurane异氟醚, isthe inhalationalanestheticofchoiceforuseinlaboratoryanimals. However,duetoit'shighvaporpressure汽压isofluranehastobeusedwithaprecisionvaporizer.
MethoxyfluraneisavailablefromvendorsoutsidetheUnitedStatesbutitisdifficultandexpensivetoobtain. Duetoit'slowervaporpressure,methoxyflurane(Metafanetm)canbeusedwithoutavaporizertoanesthesizemice.Careshouldbetakentopreventthemousefromcomingintodirectcontactwiththemetafane.Typicallyagauzepledgetismoistenedwithmethoxyfluraneandplacedinthebottomofadropjar(futurepicture).Anelevatedplatformisplacedinthebottomofthedropjartopreventdirectcontactofthemousewiththeanesthetic.Afterthemouseisanesthetizeditcanberemovedandanoseconeutilizedtomaintainanesthesia.Anoseconecanbefashionedbyusinganemptysyringecaseintowhichametafanewettedcottonhasbeenplaced.Positioningtheanimalsnoseintothesyringecasewillmaintainanesthesia.Thismethodofanesthesiamustbedoneinafumehoodtopreventinhalationoftheanestheticbythetechnician.
Forshorttermanesthesiaofmice,amixtureof75%CO2and25%Oxygencanbeutilized. Typicallythisisutilized fortakingbloodortissuesamples(tailsnips)becauseitprovidesonlyaverybriefperiodofanesthesia. IfyouhavenotusedthistechniquebeforewerecommendyourequestassistancefromtheOfficeofAnimalResources.
AnalgesiaofMice:
Subcutaneouswounding,implantationsorprocedureswithoutincisingthroughmusclewall:
∙Localanalgesia(e.g.,Bupivacaine布比卡因)
Incisionsintoperitonealcavityorthemusclewall:
∙NSAIDs非类固醇性抗炎药(e.g.,Flunixinmeglumine氟胺烟酸葡胺)
And/or
∙Narcotics麻醉品(e.g.,Buprenorphine,Butorphanol)
Incisionsintothoraxthroughthemusclewall:
∙Narcotics(e.g.,Buprenorphine,Butorphanol)
Agent
Dose
Buprenorphine丁丙诺啡
0.05-0.1mg/kgSQBID31
Butorphanol布托啡诺
1-5mg/kgSQQID31
FlunixinMeglumine氟胺烟酸葡胺
2.5mg/kgSQSIDtoBID36
Bupivacaineasalternativeanalgesic;bupivacaineisalongactinglocalanalgesic,itisnotanarcotic,andcanbeadministeredonetime.
Bupivacaine0.5%;useatbsyringeto dripafewdropsonthesutureline.Youclosethemusclelayer,applythebupivacaine,thenclosetheskin. Performedonetime.
tid是一日三次;bid是一日两次;qid是一日四次
AnesthesiaandAnalgesiaofRats
ParenteralAnesthesiaofRats:
Agent
Dose
Onset
Duration
Pentobarbital戊巴比妥
30mg/kgIP19
5
90minutes
Pentobarbital
40mg/kgIP19
5
120minutes
Ketamine-xylazine氯胺酮赛拉嗪
40mg/kg;5mg/kgIP19
5
80minutes
Ketamine-xylazine
60mg/kg;7.5mg/kg19
2
115minutes
Ketamine-medetomidine美托咪定
75mg/kg;0.5mg/kg29
20-30minutes
InhalationalAnesthesiaofRats:
MethoxyfluraneandHalothanearenolongeravailablefromvendorsintheUnitedStates. Isoflurane, isthe inhalationalanestheticofchoiceforuseinlaboratoryanimals,however,duetoit'shighvaporpressureisofluranehasbeusedwithaprecisionvaporizer.
MethoxyfluraneisavailablefromvendorsoutsidetheUnitedStatesbutitisdifficultandexpensivetoobtain. Duetoit'slowervaporpressure,methoxyflurane(Metafanetm)canbeusedwithoutavaporizertoanesthesizemice.Careshouldbetakentopreventthemousefromcomingintodirectcontactwiththemetafane.Typicallyagauzepledgetismoistenedwithmethoxyfluraneandplacedinthebottomofadropjar. Anelevatedplatformisplacedinthebottomofthedropjartopreventdirectcontactofthemousewiththeanesthetic.Afterthemouseisanesthetizeditcanberemovedandanoseconeutilizedtomaintainanesthesia.Anoseconecanbefashionedbyusinganemptysyringecaseintowhichametafanewettedcottonhasbeenplaced.Positioningtheanimalsnoseintothesyringecasewillmaintainanesthesia.Thismethodofanesthesiamustbedoneinafumehoodtopreventinhalationoftheanestheticbythetechnician.
Forshorttermanesthesiaofrats,amixtureof75%CO2and25%Oxygencanbeutilized. Typicallythisisutilized fortakingbloodortissuesamples(tailsnips)becauseitprovidesonlyaverybriefperiodofanesthesia. IfyouhavenotusedthistechniquebeforewerecommendyourequestassistancefromtheOfficeofAnimalResources.
AnalgesiaofRats:
Agent
Dose
Buprenorphine
0.01-0.05mg/kgSQorIVTIDtoBID29
0.1-0.25mg/kgPO,BIDtoTID29
Butorphanol
2mg/kgSQevery4hours31
Bupivacaineasalternativeanalgesic;bupivacaineisalongactinglocalanalgesic,itisnotanarcotic,andcanbeadministeredonetime.
Bupivacaine0.5%;useatbsyringeto dripafewdropsonthesutureline.Youclosethemusclelayer,applythebupivacaine,thenclosetheskin. Performedonetime.
AnesthesiaandAnalgesiaofRabbits
ParenteralAnesthesiaofRabbits:
Agent
Dose(mg/kg)
Durationofsurgicalanesthesia
Ketamine
xylazine13
35mg/kgIM
5mg/kgIM
25-4029minutes
Ketamine
xylazine29
10mg/kgIV
3mg/kgIV
20-30minutes
Ketamine
xylazine
acepromazine13乙酰丙嗪
35mg/kgIM
5mg/kgIM
0.75mg/kgIM
100minutes
Ketamine
xylazine
butorphanol29布托啡诺
35mg/kgIM
5mg/kgIM
0.1mg/kgIM
60-90minutes
Pentobarbital:
14
Inducewith10mg/kgIVandadministerincrementsof2-10mguntilasatisfactorylevelofanesthesiaisreached
20-30minutes
InhalationalAnesthesiaofRabbits:
Severalgaseousanestheticshavebeenusedsuccessfullyintherabbit(e.gisoflurane). Isoflurane requirestheuseofaprecisionvaporizertodelivertheappropriateamountofanestheticandalsoanappropriatescavengingsystemtoprevent exposureofpersonnel totheanesthetic.Sinceinductionwillrequire"maskingtherabbit"orplacementofanendotrachealtubeitisstandardpracticetouseapreanesthetic.
AnalgesiaofRabbits:
Agent
Dose
Morphinesulphate15硫酸吗啡
2-4mg/kgSCevery2-4hours
Buprenorphine16,29
0.02-0.05mg/kgSQorIVTIDorBID
Butorphanol29
0.1-0.5mg/kgIVevery4hours
AnesthesiaandAnalgesiaofGuineapigs
ParenteralAnesthesiaofGuineapigs:
Agent
Dose(mg/kg)
Duration
Ketamine-xylazine*1
30;5IM
30-45minutes
Ketamine-xylazine3
44;5IM
74minutes
Pentobarbital
fentanyl-droperdiol!
1芬太尼
15mg/kgIP+
0.4ml/kgIM
60minutes
Pentobarbital29
37mg/kgIP
60-90minutes
*Note:
Notsuitableforproceduresrequiringdeepanesthesia.
!
Note:
Highdosesoffentanyl-droperdiol(0.88ml/kghasbeenassociatedwithmuscleandnervedamage)
InhalationalAnesthesiaofGuineapigs:
Severalgaseousanesthetics havebeenusedsuccessfullyintheguineapig(e.g.isoflurane).Isofluranerequirestheuseofaprecisionvaporizertodelivertheappropriateamountofanestheticandalsoanappropriatescavengingsystemtopreventpersonnelexposuretotheanesthetic.Inductionwillrequire"maskingtheguineapig"ortheuseofaninductionchamber.Anendotrachealtubeshouldbeutilizedtomaintainanesthesia.
AnalgesiaofGuineaPigs:
Agent
Dose(mg/kg)
Morphinesulphate12
2-5mg/kgSCevery4hours
Buprenorphine4
0.05mg/kgSQTIDtoBID
Indomethacin12
2.5-8.8mg/kgPO
AnesthesiaandAnalgesiaofDogs
ParenteralAnesthesiaofDogs:
Agent
Dose(mg/kg)
Duration
Ketamine-xylazine29
5;1-2IVorIM
30-65minutes
Propofol29丙泊酚
5-7.5mg/kgIV;maintainwith0.2-0.4mg/kg/min
5-10minutesunlessacontinuousinfusion
Thiopental!
*16硫喷妥钠
10-18mg/kgIV
5-15minutes
Pentobarbital29*!
戊巴比妥
20-30mg/kgIV
30-40minutes
*Note:
UseofAcepromazine(0.05-1mg/kgIM)asapreanestheticwillreducetheamountofbarbituraterequiredforanesthesiaupto50%.16
!
Note:
Repeateddosesofthiopentalorpentobarbitalwillgreatlyprolongtherecoveryfromanesthesia.
InhalationalAnesthesiaDogs:
Severalgaseousanestheticshavebeenusedsuccessfullyinthedog(e.g.isoflurane).All requiretheuseofaprecisionvaporizertodelivertheappropriateamountofanestheticandbothrequireappropriatescavengingsystemstopreventpersonnelexposuretotheanesthetic.Inductionusuallyrequirestotheuseofapreanesthetic(i.e.thiopental)toallowintubation.
AnalgesiaofDogs:
Agent
Dose(mg/kg)
Butorphanol32
0.2-0.4mg/kgSQevery2-5hours
Buprenorphine29
0.005-02mg/kgIM,IVorSQQIDtoBID
Morphinesulphate29
0.5-5mg/kgSCevery4hours
Carprofen29
4mg/kgIV,SCSID
or
1-2mg/kgPOBIDforsevendays
Ketoprofen29
2mg/kgSC,IM,IVSIDformaximum3days
or
1mg/kgPOSIDforfivedays
AnesthesiaandAnalgesiaofCats
ParenteralAnesthesiaofCats:
Agent
Dose(mg/kg)
Duration
Ketamine
Xylazine29
22mg/kgIM
1.1mg/kgIM
20-30minutes
Ketamine
Acepromazine29
20mg/kgIM
0.11mg/kgIM
20-30minutes
Thiopental!
*16
10-18mg/kgIV
5-15minutes
Pentobarbital29*!
20-30mg/kgIV
60-90minutes
*Note:
UseofAcepromazine(0.05-1mg/kgIM)asapreanestheticwillreducetheamountofbarbituraterequiredforanesthesiaupto50%.16
!
Note:
Repeateddosesofthiopentalorpentobarbitalwillgreatlyprolongtherecoveryfromanesthesia.
InhalationalAnesthesiaCats:
Severalgaseousanestheticshavebeenusedsuccessfullyinthecat(e.g.isoflurane). Allrequiretheuseofaprecisio
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