中级口译 中级口译阅读理解原文及答案及解析.docx
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中级口译 中级口译阅读理解原文及答案及解析.docx
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中级口译中级口译阅读理解原文及答案及解析
阅读理解第四篇:
Howeverattractivethefiguresmaylookonpaper,inthelongrunthesuccessorfailureofamergerdependsonthehumanfactor.Whentheagreementhasbeensignedandtheaccountantshavedeparted,therealproblemsmayonlyjustbebeginning.Ifthereisacultureclashbetweenthetwocompaniesinthewaytheirpeoplework,thenalltheeffortsofthefinanciersandlawyerstostrikeadealmayhavebeeninvain.
AccordingtoChrisBoltonofKSManagementConsultants,70%ofmergersfailtoliveuptotheirpromiseofshareholdervalue,riotthroughanyfailureineconomictermsbutbecausetheintegrationofpeopleisunsuccessful.Corporates,heexplains,concentratetheireffortsbeforeamergeronlegal,technicalandfinancialmatters.Theyemployarangeofexpertstoobtainthemostfavourablecontractpossible.Butevenattheseearlystages,peopleissuesmustbetakenintoconsideration.Thestrengthsandweaknessesofbothorganisationsshouldbeassessedand,ifitisamergerofequals,thencarefulthoughtshouldbegiventowhichpersonnel,fromwhichside,shouldtakeonthekeyroles.
Thiswastheissuein2001whentheproposedmergerbetweentwopharmaceuticalcompaniespromisedtocreateoneofthelargestplayersintheindustry.Forbothcompaniesthemergerwasintendedtoreversefallingmarketshareandshareholdervalue.However,althoughthecompanies'skillbaseswerecompatible,thechiefexecutivesofthetwocompaniescouldnotagreewhichofthemwastoheaduptheneworganisation.Thisillustratestheneedtocompromiseifamergeristotakeplace.
Buteveninmergersthatdogoahead,therecanbecultureclashes.Onewaytoavoidthisistoworkwithfocusgroupstoseehowemployeesviewtheexistingcultureoftheirorganisation.Inoneexample,wheretwoglobalorganisationsinthefoodsectorwereplanningtomerge,focusgroupsdiscoveredthatthecompaniesdisplayedverydifferentprofiles.Onewassales-focused,knewexactlywhatitwantedtoachieveandpushedinitiativesthrough.Theothergotinvolvedinlengthydiscussions,tryingoutoptionsmethodicallyandmakingcontingencyplans.Thefirstrespondedquicklytochangesinthemarketplace;thesecondtooklonger,buttheoptioniteventuallychosewasusuallythecorrectone.Neithercompany'sapproachwouldhaveworkedfortheother.
Theanswerisnottoadoptonecompany'sapproach,oreventotrytoincorporateeveryaspectofbothorganisations,buttocreateatotallynewculture.Thismeanstakingthebestfrombothsidesandmakinganeworganisationthateveryonecanaccept.Oralmosteveryone.Inevitablytherewillbethosewhocannotadapttoadifferentculture.Researchintotheimpactofmergershasfoundthatcompanieswithdifferingmanagementstylesaretheonesthatneedtoworkhardestatcreatinganewculture.
Anothertoolthatcanhelptogettherightculturalmixisinterculturalanalysis.Thisinvolvescarryingoutresearchthatlooksatthecultureofacompanyandthebusinesscultureofthecountryinwhichitisbased.Itidentifieshowpeople,moneyandtimearemanagedinacompany,andinvestigatesthebusinesscustomsofthecountryandhowitspolitics,economicsandhistoryimpactonthewaybusinessisdone.
1.Accordingtothetext,mergerscanencounterproblemswhen
Acontractsaresignedtooquickly.
Bexpertscannotpredictaccuratefigures.
Cconflictingattitudescannotberesolved.
Dstaffareopposedtothetermsofthedeal.
2.AccordingtoChrisBolton,whatdomanyorganisationsdoinpreparationforamerger?
Aensuretheirinterestsarerepresented
Bgivereassurancestoshareholders
Cconsidertheeffectofamergeronemployees
Danalysethevaryingstrengthsoftheirstaff
3.Theproposedmergeroftwopharmaceuticalgroupsfailedbecause
Amajorshareholderswereopposed.
Btherewasafallinthedemandfortheirproducts.
Ctherewereproblemscombiningtheirareasofexpertise.
Danissueofpersonalrivalrycouldnotberesolved.
4.Accordingtothetext,focusgroupscanhelpcompaniesto
Adevelopnewinitiatives.
Badoptcontingencyplans.
Cbedecisiveandreactrapidly.
Devaluatehowwellmatchedtheyare.
5.Creatinganewcultureinanewlymergedorganisationmeansthat
Amanagementstylesbecomemoreflexible.
Bthereismorechanceofthemergerworking.
Cstaffwillfinditmoredifficulttoadapttothechanges.
Dsuccessfulelementsoftheoriginalorganisationsarelost.
6.Accordingtothetext,interculturalanalysiswillshow
Awhatkindofbenefitsamergercanleadto.
Bhowthenationalcontextaffectsthewayacompanyisrun.
Chowlongitwilltakeforacompanyculturetodevelop.
Dwhatchangescompaniesshouldmakebeforeamergertakesplace.
参考答案及解析:
《Achievingasuccessfulmerger》,实现一个成功的并购。
文章没有从技术和经济效益的角度来分析并购成功的因素,而是强调了一个在并购中容易被忽视的重要因素:
文化冲突。
不同的企业文化走到了一起,能否兼容是并购能否成功的关键因素。
一个比较著名的例子是当年惠普与康柏的并购。
第1题,问什么情况下并购会遇到麻烦。
答案是A段的最后一句,关键词是cultureclash:
如果两个公司的员工在工作方式上存在文化冲突,那么金融专家和律师们为了达成交易所做的一切努力都是徒劳的。
所以选C:
冲突性的态度无法得到解决。
Conflictingattitude对应于cultureclash。
attitude具体指公司员工做事情的方式和态度。
第2题,问很多机构为并购所做的准备是什么。
答案是第二段的这么一句话:
Corporates,heexplains,concentratetheireffortsbeforeamergeronlegal,technicalandfinancialmatters。
公司都把精力集中在法律、技术和金融事务上了。
也就是更多的看重经济等方面的利益,而忽视了人的因素。
选A:
确保他们的利益得到很好的反映,也就是自己的利益有保障。
represent在这里的意思是bepresentorfoundinsomething,especiallytoaparticulardegree。
第3题,问这俩医药公司并购失败的原因是什么。
答案是第三段的倒数第二句:
thechiefexecutivesofthetwocompaniescouldnotagreewhichofthemwastoheaduptheneworganisation.在谁来领导新的机构的问题上无法达成一致。
所以选D:
人员竞争问题无法得到解决。
Personalrivalry就是指两个领导谁也不服谁。
第4题,问focusgroup可以帮助公司干什么。
先弄明白focusgroup的意思,看剑桥高阶的解释:
agroupofpeoplewhohavebeenbroughttogethertodiscussaparticularsubjectinordertosolveaproblemorsuggestideas。
处理问题的团体。
答案在第四段。
这一段是举例说明两个合并公司的文化兼容性问题。
经过focusgroup的调查,这两个公司的做事方式有很大差别,不能兼容。
所以这一题的答案是选D:
评估他们能否匹配。
第5题,问在一个新合并的公司里创造新的文化意味着什么。
答案是第五段的这么一句:
Thismeanstakingthebestfrombothsidesandmakinganeworganisationthateveryonecanaccept。
吸取双方的优点,创造一个所有人都能接受的新组织。
每个人都能接受,那么合并成功的可能性会大大增加。
选B:
合并起作用的几率增加了。
第6题,跨文化分析能够表明什么。
答案是最后一段的最后一句:
howitspolitics,economicsandhistoryimpactonthewaybusinessisdone.看看这个国家的政治、经济和历史是怎么影响商业行为的。
也就是考察宏观的国家背景对微观的经济个体的影响。
选B:
国家背景怎样影响公司的运行方式。
阅读理解第五篇:
Signsofthetimes:
WallStreetprotestersgetcreativewithplacardsinefforttomaketheirmessageheard.选自《每日邮报》
AstheOccupyWallStreetprotestentersitsthirdweek,demonstratorsaremakingincreasinglycreativeplacardstoensuretheirvoicesareheard.Cleverwordplay,brightcolours,famousquotationsandpopularimageshaveallbeenusedtocrystallisetheirmessageofopposingcorporateinfluenceoverU.S.politicsandthelackoflegalrepercussionsfollowingthe2008banksbailout.
OnepostershowsapictureoftheWhiteHousewithalettingsignonthelawnwhichreads'ForSale-ToTheHighestBidders'.AnotherusestheiconicimageofLordKitchener,wearingaVforVendettamask,overthewords'IWantYouToOccupyWallStreet'.SignsdisplayingquotesfromGandhiandEnglishwriterGKChestertonhavebeenusedtocontextualisethisprotestwithonesfromthepast,whilemanyhavepunsonWallStreet.Oneplacardsays'LetsRipDownTheWallAndMakeItJustAStreet',another'WallStreetIsOurStreet'.
Arecurringmotifismoneyandgreedandhowthedemonstratorssupposedlyrepresent99percentofAmericans.Onesignreads:
'TheWholeWorldIsGoingBankrupt-ToWho?
'
Thereisevenapostercalledthe'MapoftheOccupiedStatesofAmerica',whichusesstarstohighlightfuturelocationsforprotest.
Notallpeopleneededcardboardtodisplaytheirmessage,however.Oneprotesterusedbrightbluechalktowriteonthesidewalk:
'OccupationIsMyOccupation'.MakeshiftcampsincludingalibraryandpharmacieshavebeensetupbyWallStreetprotestersinaclearsignthattheyintendtocarryouttheirpromiseofstayingintothewinter.ThedevelopmentcameafterthousandsofpeopleyesterdaymarchedtoNewYorkPoliceDepartment(NYPD)headquartersfollowingaccusationsofbrutalityfromofficersdealingwithdemonstrators.Similarprotestsagainstthebankingsystemhavespreadacrossthecountry,witheventstakingplaceupinBoston,LosAngelesandChicago.
NewYorkCitypolicearebracedforaweekendofunrestintheFinancialDistrict,withtheOccupyWallStreetprotestshowinglittlesignofdissipatingasitmovesintoitsthirdstraightweek.Peoplehavetravelledfromalloverthecountrytovoicetheirangeratthe2008bankbailouts,risingnumbersofforeclosuresandpersistentlyhighunemployment.ProtesterssignalledtheirintentiontokeepapresenceinZuccottiPark,justoutsideWallStreet,bysettinguplargercampsofmattressesandsleepingbags,andlayingoutabasiclibrary,newspaperstands,pharmaciesandI.T.hubs.
评析:
本篇文章选自《每日邮报》,讲述的是发生在2011年9月份发生在美国纽约曼哈顿的“占领华尔街”事件。
文章的一开头就提到entersitsthirdweek,表示该文将会对此次华尔街事件的最新进展进行报道。
随后,作者就在接下来提出游行者为了能让自己的声音被听到,创造了很多海报。
需要注意的是阅读理解的首段非常重要,一般西方人写文章都会在首段将整篇文章的中心点出来,而前面作者提到的demonstratorsaremakingincreasinglycreativeplacardstoensuretheirvoicesareheard就是本篇文章的中心。
所以,在接下来的几段都是在详细描述这些极富有特色海报的具体内容。
考生在看到某些对具体海报的描述时可以适当地略过,不妨等题目中出现了对某海报细节的考察时再回过头来仔细阅读该段。
当然,在略过的时候可以适当地将某些海报的关键词划出来,方便之后回到原文来找答案。
在文章的最后一段,作者通过纽约市警察对此事做出的反应来对该事件的情况做了一个总结。
整体说来,本篇文章的内容不算生僻,只要考生在平时稍微多关注一下时政,能对“占领华尔街”事件进行一些深入了解,要理解整篇文章的大意不是难题。
阅读理解第六篇:
Thedaysofthecamera-totingtouristmaybenumbered.Insensitivetravelersarebeingorderedtostoppointingtheircamerasandcamcordersatreluctantlocalresidents.Tourcompaniessellingexpensivetripstoremotecornersoftheworld,offthewell-troddenpathoftheaveragetourist,havebecomeincreasinglyirritatedatthesightofthevisitorsupsettingl
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