语法复习04定语从句.docx
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语法复习04定语从句.docx
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语法复习04定语从句
语法复习四:
定语从句
(一)定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导
1、关系代词:
who,whom,whose,which,that,as
2、关系副词:
when,where,why
关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首,主句先行词之后,起着连接先行词和从句的作用,同时在从句中又充当句子成分。
e.g.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestofall.(关系代词who在从句中作主语)
ThecomradewithwhomIcameknowsFrench.(whom在从句中作介词with的宾语)
3、关系代词和关系副词的用法:
1)当先行词为人时用who作主语,whom作宾语;
2)当先行词为物或整个句子时用which,可作主语或宾语;
3)先行词为人、物时用that,可作主语或宾语;
4)whose用作定语,可指人或物;
5)关系副词when(指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语,where(指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语),why(指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语)。
(二)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1、限制性定语从句:
从句与主句关系密切,去掉从句,主句意义不完整,甚至不合逻辑。
e.g.Iwastheonlypersoninourofficewhowasinvited.
(去掉定语从句,意思就不完整)
2、非限制性定语从句:
从句对先行词关系不密切,去掉定从句,意思仍然完整。
形式上用逗号隔开,不能that用引导。
e.g.Tom’sfather,whoisoversixty,stillworksharddayandnight.
(who引导非限制性定语从句,整个句子可分成两句来翻译)
(三)使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题
1、几个易混淆的关系代词的比较:
1)that&which:
在定语从句中,which和that在指代事物时,一般可以互换使用,但并非在任何情况下都是这样,这里介绍宜用that,而不宜用which的情况.
①先行词为不定代词,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等,
1.Weshoulddoallthatisusefultothepeople.
2.There'snothingthatcanbesaidaboutit.
3.Doyoumeantheonethatwasboughtyesterday?
②先行词被only,any,few,little,no,just,very,oneof等词修饰时。
1.Theonlythingthatwecoulddowastowait.
2.That'stheverywordthatiswronglyused.
Thelastplace(that)wevisitedwasthechemicalworks.
Youcantakeany(=whichever)seatthatisfree.
IhopethelittlethatIcanwillbeofsomehelptothem.
比较*Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthatwerepublishedlastyear.
*Thisistheonlyoneofthebestnovelsthatwaspublishedlastyear.
③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。
1.WhenwetalkaboutWuxi,thefirstthatcomesintomindisTaiLake.
2.Thisisthethirdfilmthathasbeenshowninourschoolthisterm.
④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。
1.Thisisthebestthatcanbedonenow.
2.Themostimportantthingthatshouldbedonerightnowishowtostophimfromgoingon.
⑤先行词既有人又有物,用which和who都不适合,这时宜用that.如:
1.Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutisreallywellknown.
2.Theriderandhisbikethathadrunoveranoldwomanwereheldupbythepolice.
⑥被修饰词为数词时.
1.YesterdayIcaughttwofishandputtheminabasinofwater.Nowyoucanseethetwothatarestillalive.
⑦如果有两个从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个关系代词宜用that,以避免语言的单调或重复。
Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.
⑧疑问词是who或which,关系代词宜用that,以避免重复。
1.Whichisthebookthatyoulikebest?
2.Whoisthemanthatisstandingatthegate?
⑨主句是Therebe结构,修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that作关系代词.如:
1.Thereisstillaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.
⑩被修饰成分为表语时,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that.
1.That'sagoodbookthatwillhelpyoualot.
2.Myhomevillageisnolongertheplace(that)itusedtobe.
2)定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that的情况:
①当关系代词的前面有介词时.
1.Azooisaparkinwhichmanykindsofanimalsarekeptforexhibition.
2.IsthistheroominwhichMr.Whitelives?
②在非限制性定语从句中.
1.Crusoe'sdog,whichwasarenowveryold,becameillanddied.
2.MoreandmorepeoplearebeginningtolearnEnglish,whichisbecomingverypopularinourcountry.(which指代主句)
③在一个句子中有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that,另一个宜用which.
1.Letmeshowyouthenovel,thatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.
2.AtthestationIboughtsomemagazinesthatmighthelpmetopassthetimeonthetrainandwhichIcouldpassontootherswhenIfinishedthem.
④当关系代词后面带有插入语时.
1.Here'stheEnglishgrammarwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.
⑤先行词本身是that,宜用which.
What'sthatwhichsheislookingat?
⑥先行词是those+复数名词.
Ashopshouldkeepastockofthosegoodswhichsellbest.
who&that:
who和that指代人时,有些情况宜用who,而不宜用that
①先行词为anyone,anybody,those,all,one,ones,they,he,people时.如:
1.ThepersonIwanttolearnfromistheonewhostudieshardandworkswell.
2.Anyonewho(=Whoever)failedtocometothemeetingyesterdaymustgivehisreason.
3.Thosewhoarenotfitfortheirworkshouldleaveofficeatonce
4.Idon'tliketheones(=those)whotalkbig.
5.Personswhoarequarrelsomearedespised.
②在Therebe结构中,修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人.如:
1.Thereisagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.
2.Thereareseveralstudentsinourclasswhoarestillnotsureabouttheuseofattributiveclauses.
③当先行词有较长的后置定语时.如:
1.ImetaforeignerintheparkyesterdayafternoonwhocouldspeakChineseverywell.
④一个句子中带有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个则宜用who,以免重复.如:
1.Thestudentthatwaspraisedatyesterday'smeetingisthemonitorwhoisverymodestandworksveryhard.
3)as&which:
as&which引导非限制性定语从句的区别:
①位置的不同:
which引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后;as位置较灵活,也就是说as可置于所限制的句子前面;插在句子中或放在句子后。
如:
1.Hewaslateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.
2.Jack,asyouknow,isanhonestman.或Jackisanhonestman,asyouknow.
或Asyouknow,Jackisanhonestman.
②先行词的不同:
as引导非限制性定语从句时,其先行词多为一个句子;
which引导非限制性定语从句时,其先行词可以是一个词,一个短语或一个句子。
※Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.(先行词是一个词)
Shewasverypatienttowardsthechildren,whichherhusbandseldomwas.
Hewasproud,whichIdislikeverymuch.(先行词是一个句子)
※Heisanhonestman,asisknowntoall.
Hewasaforeigner,asIknowfromhisaccent.
③as一般译为"正如""就像","这一点"
asweallknow;asyouknow;asisknowntoall;asyousee;aswecansee;ashasbeenexpected;aswehaveimagined.
2.关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。
e.g.ThemanwholivesdownstairsspeaksEnglishfluently.
住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。
ThestudentswhoareinGradeThreearegoingtoclimbthehilltomorrow.
3.定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词,中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。
e.g.ThereisanexpressioninhiseyesthatIcan’tunderstand.
4.引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词+which”来代替。
e.g.October1,1949wasthedayonwhich(=when)thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.
5.当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时,短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。
e.g.Thesickmanwhomsheislookingafterisherfather.
6.介词在关系代词前,只能用which和whom,且不能省略;介词在句尾,关系代词可有which,that,whom,口语中也可用who,且可省略。
e.g.Theman(whom/who/that)youweretalkingabouthascometoschool.
练习、定语从句
一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句:
1.Thefanisonthedesk.Youwantit.
2.Themanisinthenextroom.Hebroughtourtextbookshereyesterday.
3.Themagazineismine.Hehastakenitaway.
4.Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.Theydon’tstudyhard.
5.Thewomanisourgeographyteacher.Yousawherinthepark.
6.Theletterisfrommysister.Ireceivedityesterday.
7.Theplaywaswonderful.Wesawitlastnight.
8.Thetrainwaslate.ItwasgoingtoNanning.
9.Theboyismybrother.Hewashereaminuteago.
10.Thetreeisquitetall.Heisclimbingit.
11.Hereisthegirl.Herbrotherworksinthisshop.
12.That’sthechild.Wewerelookingathisdrawingjustnow.
13.Thisistheboy.Hissisterisafamoussinger.
14.Iwanttotalktotheboys.Theirhomeworkhaven’tbeenhandedin.
15.Isthatthewoman?
Herdaughterisinmyclass.
16.Heusedtoliveinabighouse.Infrontofitgrewmanybananatrees.
17.Theypassedafactory.Atthebackofthefactorytherewerericefields.
18.Thesoldierrantothebuilding.Onthetopofitflewaflag.
19.Intheeveningtheyarrivedatahill.Atthefootofthehilltherewasatemple.
20.Shecameintoabigroom.Inthemiddleofitstoodalargetable.
二、根据句子意思,在第一个空白处填入介词,在第二个填入关系代词whom或which:
1.Theperson______________IspokejustnowisthemanagerthatItoldyouabout.
2.Thepencil______________hewaswritingbroke.
3.WuDong,______________Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.
4.Thetwothings______________MarxwasnotsurewerethegrammarandsomeoftheidiomsofEnglish.
5.Herbag,______________sheputallherbooks,hasnotbeenfound.
6.ThestoriesabouttheLongMarch,_____________thisisoneexample,arewellwritten.
三、往年高考英语单项选择题:
1.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown__________hegrewupasachild.
A.whichB.thatC.whereD.when
2.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,__________personallyIdoubtverymuch.
A.itB.thatC.whenD.which
3.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,__________,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.
A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what
4.__________isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.
A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What
5.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome__________Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.
A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where
6.__________ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorschoolisincreasing.
A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.It
7.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:
30p.m.,__________manypeoplehavegothome.
A.whosetimeB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhich
8.Alloftheflowersnowraisedherehavedevelopedfromthose__________intheforest.
A.oncetheygrewB.theygrewonceC.theyoncegrewD.oncegrew
9.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,__________ofgreatimportancetoscience.
A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkis
10.HewasveryrudetotheCustomsofficer,__________ofcoursemadethingsevenworse.
A.whoB.whomC.whatD.which
11.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,__________wasveryreasonable.
A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose
12.He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation__________heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.
A.whereB.whichC.whileD.why
13.Icanthinkofmanycases__________studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay.
A.whyB.whichC.asD.where
14.Thegentleman__________youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.
A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whomD.withwhom
15.Itw
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