论文Vampires in Western Culture.docx
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论文Vampires in Western Culture.docx
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论文VampiresinWesternCulture
VampiresinWesternCulture
Abstract:
Vampireculturebelongstoakindofwesternundergroundcultures.ItwasoriginatedinEuropeandspreadbythemodernliteraturesandfilms.Moreandmorepeoplewithyearningandfearapproachedtothefantasyvampire.Thispaperwillgiverichrelatedcognitionofthevampireculturebystudyingtheprocessofitsformation,thereasonsforitsformationanditsinfluenceonsocialsociety.Thetexthasfourchapters.Thefirstchapterwillgiveabriefintroductionandsummarizethecharacteristicsofvampiresaccordingtothoseimagesexistinginfilmsandliteratures.Thesecondchapterwilldeterminetheconnotationandtheextensionofvampireculturethroughtheformationanddevelopmentofthevampire.Thethirdchapteristostudythemainreasonsfortheformationofthevampireculture,whichistheresearchvalueofthispaper.Thefourthchapteranalyzestheimpactofvampirecultureafterthepenetrationinreallife.
KeyWords:
vampireculture;characteristics;development;reasons;influences
Contents
Abstract(English)I
Introduction1
1TheCharacteristicsofVampireinLegends1
1.1DifferencesbetweenConcepts1
1.2Appearance2
1.3SuperAbility2
1.4Survival2
1.5Reproduction3
1.6Death3
2TheFormingProcessofVampireSuperstitions4
2.1TheChurchAdmittedtotheDarkCulture.4
2.2SuperstitionsofVampiresBegantoTakeShape.4
2.3VampireSuperstitionsStartedtoSpread.4
2.4ThePrevalenceofVampireSuperstitions4
3ReasonsfortheFormationofVampireSuperstitions5
3.1LegendsaboutVampires5
3.1.1TheLegendofCain5
3.1.2TheLegendofJudah5
3.2AssociationofHistoricalFigures6
3.2.1GillesBaron6
3.2.2Dracula6
3.2.3ErzsebetBathory7
3.3HistoricalReasonsfortheFormationoftheVampireCulture7
3.3.1AssociationCausedbyRabies7
3.3.2AssociationCausedbyPorphyrinDisease7
3.3.3Plague8
3.3.4Virus8
3.4PracticalReasonsfortheFormationofVampireCulture8
3.4.1TheImageofVampireIsStronglyagainstReligion.9
3.4.2FearoftheIndustrialRevolution9
3.4.3BackwardScienceandTechnology9
3.5ThePublicityofLiteratures9
4InfluencesofVampireCulture10
4.1TheVampireCultureinFilmsandTelevisions10
4.2VampireCultureinEverydaylife11
4.3VampireCultureandCrimes11
4.4VampireClubs11
Conclusion12
References13
Abstract(Chinese)14
Introduction
Thevampiremeansthedemonsthatsuckblood.Asademonimagethathascloserelationswithhumans,legendsaboutvampireshavebeenwithextraordinary,terrorandpsychedeliccolorsatthestartofthehundredsofyears.Withthedevelopmentofromanticliteraturesandfilmsinrecenthundredsofyears,mysticalandbeautifulvampiresbecomestrongculturalcircumstances--thestrangedevilofnightfromreligiontoemotionalworship.Thenahugesystemofvampirecultureformed.
Inmanyofthevampireworks,thevampireitselfisnotevil,butsomeareevenverypitiful.Whenamanjustchangedintoavampire,heoftenreserves"humannature".Butwiththeincreasingfearofsunlightandhightemperatures,theycan'tgooutgraduallyinthedaytime,andtheywillfeelintensedesireforblood.Gradually,theybegintostayawayfromthehumans,andtheirthoughtsandbehaviorsbegintochange.Theywillalwaysliveintheworld.Onthesidelinesoftheworld,theywillwitnesshisformerrelativesandfriends’deathonebyone.Andtheycanonlysuckbloodastheirfoodinthedarknessdayafterday.Humansbecomeweakcreaturesbeforethem,theynolongerneedtorespectandcareforthehuman.Besides,theyarejealousandevenbecomedemons.Thischapterwillsummarizethecharacteristicsofthevampirethroughtheexistingliteraturesandfilms.
1TheCharacteristicsofVampireinLegends
1.1DifferencesbetweenConcepts
Thevampireandthesoul:
thesoulofghostisakindofmentalsubstancethatdoesnotbelongtothehumanbody.Therearesomanylegendsaboutghostsinourcountry,suchasimagesin"StrangeStoriesfromaLonelyStudio"writtenbyPuSongling.While,vampiresarethoseentitiescontrolledbyghostsorthosehumanbodiesoccupiedbyevilspiritscomingfromtheabandonedworld.Theessentialdifferencebetweenthemiswhetherdependingonentity.
Thevampireandthezombie:
ourcountryalsohaslegendsaboutzombies,similartowesterncountries’.HongKongproducedmanyfilmsaboutzombiesinthe1980s,whosemaincharacteristicisthattheycan’tthink.LinZhengying’szombieseriesaretypical.Andtheessentialdifferencebetweenvampiresandzombiesisthatavampirehasthoughts.Vampireshavecloserelationwithhuman,buttheyonlyappearatnight.
1.2Appearance
Malevampireslookhandsome,withtallandslenderfigure.Femaleisenchantingandbeautiful.Theyoftenhavetheirowncastlesandtheyarethenoble.Theirprototypesarebasedonafewhistoricalfiguresofthemiddleage.Theywearblackdress,andinthedarkredorcompletelyblackcloak,withpaleskinandcheeryredorbrightredlips.Mosteyesareredandhairishigh.
1.3SuperAbility
Thevampireisakindoflivingbeingsthatisdifferentfromthehuman,andtheirorganizationofbodyhascompletelychanged.Vampire’steethcanbestretchedoptionally,althoughmostoftimetheywillbehiddeninordertohidetheiridentity.Aftersuckingblood,theywillusethereownwaytocoverupthewoundandmakethescarhealatonce.Theoreticallytheheartstoppedbeating,buttheirheartbeatalsocanbecontrolled.Theirbloodflowsinthewayofdiffusion.Becausetheircapillariesarenolongerfullofblood,theirskinisespeciallypale.Sometimes,theyevenweepwithbloodintheireyeswhencry.Thebloodinthebodyofvampirescanbeavailabletocurethemselves.Whenhurt,bloodwillfocusontothewound.Thenthewoundbecomestonearpurpleanditwillsoonrecover.Fingerscanbecomehardpaws.Besides,theyhavecoldbodywithextremelyhighspeed,andsomevampirescanfly.Somevampiresarefamiliarwithmagicandhaveincrediblespiritforce.Powerisverygreat.Theywillnotfearanyattackinadditiontothefatalweakness.Moreovertheyareextremelyclever.
1.4Survival
1.5Reproduction
Manypeoplethinkthatpeoplewillbeavampireifthevampirehassnortedtheirblood.Thisviewisnotcorrect.Peoplesnortedbyavampiremaydie,butwillnotbeavampire.Ifavampirewantstochangeahumanbeingtoavampire,hemustgivehisownbloodtothehumanbeing.Peoplewhohavebeensnortedshouldacceptthebloodofthevampire,andonlythesetwokindsofbloodaremixedcanhebecomeavampire.Thephenomenonofbloodfusionwillbringsnortedpeoplecompletelywonderfulfeeling,andthisprocessiscalled"Thefirstembrace".Afterthefirstembrace,snortedpeoplebecomeavampire.Accordingtotheparty'sdiscipline,vampirecannotdeveloptheirseedsoptionally,andavampiremustberesponsibleforhisdescendants’behavior.
1.6Death
Differentcountrieshavedifferentmethodstokillvampires.
Romaniahasalwayshadthemostcomplexvampiresuperstitions.Longlongago,farmersintheremotemountainsofRomaniabelievedanimalsthatcouldgetaboutalldayandallnight,likecatcanmakethedeadtoavampirewhenitpassedfromthedeadbody.Ceremoniesthosetargetvampiresarecalled"overhaul",whichshouldbeheldatdawn.Inordertodeliverthevictimsoutofthevampires’hand,Romaniancreatedsomecurses.
InPoland,peoplewillwearsomejewelrytoexorciseevilspirits.Thisissupposedtoallowthemtoresistanyoftheattackfromvampires.Atthesametime,themethodofnailingstakesandcuttingoffvampires’headisquiteinfashion.
AndtheSerbsusuallypaintcrossonthedoorsandwindowswithtar,inordertoprotecttheirresidencefromvampires’attack.
InRussia,peoplesowthepoppyseedsorrosethornsontheroadtograveyards.TheRussianalsousestakesofpoplartostabintheheartofthevampires.
2TheFormingProcessofVampireSuperstitions
2.1TheChurchAdmittedtotheDarkCulture.
In1484,thebook,"witchcraftsecrets"writtenbyFriarJakobSprengerandHeinrichKramerwasapprovedtopublishbyInnocentviii.Inhumanhistory,thiswasthefirsttimethatChristianadmittedtheexistenceofgeniepower.Atthattime,therestillwasnotacleardefinitionofthevampire.
2.2SuperstitionsofVampiresBegantoTakeShape.
Laterinthemiddleages,thevampiresuperstitionbegantotakeshape.Especiallythelegendsofthevampireduringtheplagueandwhenromanticcolorwasaddedtothemwithlustcausedpeople'sfearsandworship.
2.3VampireSuperstitionsStartedtoSpread.
Inthe17thcentury,vampiresuperstitionstartedtospreadtoBalkans,Greece,theAustro-HungarianEmpireandRussia,especiallytoEasternEurope.Atthetime,EasternEuropewasfarpoorerthanWesternEurope,sothelightofRenaissancecouldn'tilluminateit.Povertyandignorancearealwayscompanions.Peoplewerelackofhappinessintheirdailylife.Theythoughtthathappinesswasguiltyandonlydedication,responsibilityandgodbelongedtolife,sotheywereverykeenonthesefantasticlegends.
2.4ThePrevalenceofVampireSuperstitions
Inthe18thcentury,reasonsucceededundertheenlightenment.Inthisperiod,varioussuperstitioussufferedaserioussetback.While,vampiresuperstitiongotanunprecedenteddevelopmentduringthistimeandbecameasocialphenomenon.Thisphenomenonhasarousedtheconcernofthereligion.
Manyacademicpapersaboutvampiresgotpublished,whichresultedinonlytworesults:
suchpasthearsaysuperstitionsinmanyareaswerethenwell-known;allpeoplehaveacceptedtheword“Vampire”.“Vampire”wassystematically
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