词汇学期末复习题及答案.docx
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词汇学期末复习题及答案.docx
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词汇学期末复习题及答案
SupplementaryExercisesforME.Lexicology1
PartIMultiplechoices.
1.Thedefinitionofawordincludes___________.
A.aminimalfreeformthatcanfunctionaloneB.aunitofmeaning
C.asoundunityD.alloftheabove
2.Awordis_______ofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction.
A.aminimalfreeformB.asmallestmeaningfulunit
C.anelementwhichcannotbefurtheranalyzedD.agrammaticallyminimalform
3.TheIndo-Europeanlanguagefamilyconsistof________.
A.allthelanguagesinEuropeandIndia
)
B.allthelanguagesinIndiaandsomelanguagesinEurope.
C.mostofthelanguagesofEurope,theNearEast,andIndia.
D.SomeofthelanguagesofEuropeandallthelanguagesoftheNearEast
4.Thesymbolicconnectionofawordtoaparticularthingisalmostalways______.
A.logicalB.arbitraryC.inherentD.automatic
5.TheprehistoricIndo-Europeanparentlanguageisthoughttobe______.
A.Ahighlyinflectedlanguage.B.Ahighlydevelopedlanguage.
C.Averydifficultlanguage.D.Alanguageofleveledendings.
6.Morethanonevariant,whichcanrealizesomemorphemesaccordingtothepositioninaword,aretermed.
A.phonemesB.allomorphsC.morphsD.phones
7.|
8.Affixesattachedtotheendofwordstoindicategrammaticalrelationshipsareknownas.
A.morphemesB.derivationalmorphemes
C.inflectionalmorphemesD.suffixes
9.isdefinedastheformationofwordsbyaddingword-formingorderivationalaffixestostem.Thisprocessisalsoknownas.
A.derivation,affixationB.affixation,derivation
C.derivative,affixationD.affixation,derivative
10.Sometimes,themeaningofacompoundcanbeinferredfromitsseparateelements,forexample,.
A.hotdogB.redmeatC.flowerpotD.fathead
11.isuniversaltoallmenalikeregardlessofculture,race,languageandsoonwhilebelongstolanguage,soisrestrictedtolanguageuse.
A.meaning,conceptB.concept,meaning
<
C.sense,referenceD.reference,sense
12.Whenreaderscomeacrosstheword“home”inreading,theymayberemindedoftheirfamily,friends,warmth,safety,love.Thatisbecauseofthe“home”has_______.
A.collocationsB.connotations
C.denotationsD.perorations
13.Whichofthefollowingbelongstoasemanticfield
A.steed,charger,palfrey,plug,nagB.pony,mustang,mule,stud,mare
C.policeman,constable,bobby,copD.domicile,residence,abode,home
14.Whichgroupofthefollowingareperfecthomonyms
A.dear(alovedperson)—deer(akindofanimal)
B.bow(bendingtheheadasagreeting)—bow(thedeviceusedforshooting)
-
C.bank(theedgeoftheriver)—bank(anestablishmentformoneybusiness)
D.right(correct)—write(putdownonpaperwithapen)
15.Thepartofapieceofwritingorspeechwhichsurroundsawordandhelpstoexplainitsmeaningiscalled_______.
A.LinguisticcontextB.Grammaticalcontext
C.Extra-linguisticcontextD.Para-linguisticcontext
16.meansthroughalldifficultiesandtroubles.
A.throughhighandlowB.throughthickandthin
C.fromheadtofootD.fromstarttofinish
PartIITrueorfalsequestions.
1.Aruleofword-formationisusuallyidenticalwithasyntacticrule.
2.~
3.Word-formationrulesthemselvesarenotfixedbutundergochangestoacertainextent.
4.Affixeslike“-th”areveryproductiveincurrentEnglish.
5.Thechieffunctionofprefixesistochangethewordclassofthestems.
6.Theprimaryfunctionofsuffixesistochangethemeaningofthestem.
7.Compoundsarewordsformedbycombiningaffixesandstems.
8.“-age,-al,-ance,-ation,-ence”in“linkage,dismissal,attendance,protection,existence”canproducelargelyconcretenounsbybeingaddedtoverbstems.
9.Themeaningofacompoundisusuallythecombinationofstems.
10.Thefreephrasehastheprimarystressonthefirstelementandthesecondarystress,ifany,onthesecond.
11.Inbothcompoundsandfreephrasestheadjectiveelementcantakeinflectionalsuffixes.
12.Conversionisonlyachangeofgrammaticalfunctionofalexicalitemwithnolossofitsdifferentrangeofmeaningoriginallyconveyed.
13.~
14.Afullyconvertednounfromanadjectivehasallthefeaturesofnounsexcepttakinganindefinitearticleor,-(e)stoindicatesingularorpluralnumber.
15.Generally,conjunctions,modals,finiteverbs,prepositionscan’tbeconvertedtonouns.
16.AlthoughblendsandbackformedwordshavealreadyachievedpopularityinEnglish,theyarenotadvisabletobeusedfrequentlyinformalwriting.
17.Quiteanumberofderivationalaffixeshavemorethanonemeaning.
18.SimplewordsinEnglishareusuallynon-motivated.
19.Lexicalmeaningisdominantincontentwords.
20.Componentialanalysishasnodisadvantages.
21.Polysemicandhomonymouswordsarestylisticallyusefultoachievinghumororirony,ortoheightendramaticeffect.
22.Inmostcases,thenativetermismoreliterarythantheforeignone.
PartIIICompletethefollowingstatementswithproperwordsorexpressionsaccordingtothecoursebook.
1.~
2.Morphemesareabstract______units,whicharerealizedinspeechbydiscreteunitsknownasmorph_______.Themorphemeistothemorphwhataphoneme_____istoaphone.Somemorphemesarerealizedbymorethanonemorph.Suchalternativemorphsareknownasallomorphs___________.
3.Awordisaminimalfree_______formofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction.
4.Functionalwordsdonothavenotionsoftheirown.Therefore,theyarealsocalled_empty_____words.
5.Accordingtosemantics,awordisaunitofmeaning.
6.Boundmorphemesincludeboundrootsandaffixes.
7.Themostproductive meansofwordformationareaffixation ,compounding andconversion .
8.Onlywhenaconnectionhasbeen,establishedbetweenthelinguisticsign andareferent ,doesthesignbecomemeaningful.
9.Mostmorphemesarerealizedbysinglewordslike"bird,tree,green",etc,Wordsofthesekindsarecalledmonomorphemic words.
10.WithNorseinvasion____,manyScandinavianwordscameintotheEnglishlanguage.
11.Antonymsareclassifiedonthebasisofsemanticopposition.
)
PartIVExplainthefollowingtermswithproperexamples.
1.Explainwithexamplesmorpheme,morphandallomorph
2.Semanticfield
PartVAnswerthefollowingquestions.
1.WhatiscollocativemeaningGiveatleastoneexampletoillustrateyourpoint.
2.Studythefollowingsentence,payingspecialattentiontothewordsinitalics.Ifyoufindanythingwrong,pleaseexplainwhyandthenimprovethesentence.
3.Thepolicewereorderedtostopdrinkingaboutmidnight.
4.Analyzesthemorphologicalstructuresofthefollowingwordsandpointoutthetypesofthemorphemes.
5.unbearable,international,ex-prisoner
AnswersforExercise1
PartIMultiplechoices.
#
1-5DACBA6-10BCBCB11-15BBCAB
PartIITrueorfalsequestions.
16.T17.T18.F19.T20.F
PartIIIFillintheblanks.
1.abstract,morph,phoneme,allomorphs2.free3.empty4.meaning5.bound,affixes6.affixation,compounding,conversion7.referent8.monomorphemic9.Norseinvasion10.semanticopposition
PartIVExplainthefollowingterms
1.Inmorpheme-basedmorphology,amorphemeisthesmallestlinguisticunitthathassemanticmeaning.Amorphemeisfreeifitcanstandalone,orboundifitisusedexclusivelyalongsideafreemorpheme.
Morphsaretheactualphoneticrepresentationsofthesamemorpheme.
Anallomorphisavariantformofthesamemorpheme,andallthemorphsofthesamemorphemearegroupedasbeingtheallomorphsofamorpheme.Theconceptoccurswhenaunitofmeaningcanvaryinsound(phonologically)withoutchangingmeaning.
Englishexample:
/
Theword"unbreakable"hasthreemorphemes:
"un-",aboundmorpheme;"break",afreemorpheme;and"-able",aboundmorpheme."un-"isalsoaprefix,"-able"isasuffix.Both"un-"and"-able"areaffixes.
Themorphemeplural-shasthemorph"-s",/s/,incats(/kæts/),but"-es",/ɨz/,indishes(/dɪʃɨz/),andeventhevoiced"-s",/z/,indogs(/dɒgz/)."-s".Theseareallomorphsofthesamemorphemeplural-s.
2.Theconceptisfromtheconceptof“field”inphysics,referringtotheclusteringofanumberofsemanticallyrelatedwords.Asemanticfieldisasetoflexemesinanamedconceptualareathatinterrelateanddefineeachotherinspecificways.Ageneraldescriptionisthatwordsinasemanticfieldarenotsynonymous,butareallusedtotalkaboutthesamegeneralphenomenon.Forexample,thesemanticfieldof“bugs”mayincludebees,spiders,moths,wasps,fliesetc.Accordingtosemanticfieldtheoryameaningofawordisdependentpartlyonitsrelationtootherwordsinthesameconceptualarea.Thekindsofsemanticfieldsvaryfromculturetoculture.
PartVAnswerthefollowingquestions.
1.Collocativemeaningconsistsoftheassociationsawordacquiresinitscollocation.Inotherwords,itisthatpartoftheword-meaningsuggestedbywordsbeforeorafterthewordindiscussion.Forexample,'pretty'and'handsome'sharetheconceptualmeaningof'goodlooking',butaredistinguishedbytherangeofnounstheycollocatewith:
prettyhandsome.
2.Thepolicewereorderedtostopdrinkingaboutmidnight.
(1)itisambiguous
(2)ambiguitycausedbythestructure
(3)stopdrinkingcanbeunderstoodas
1)policestopdrinkingbythemselves
~
2)policestoppeopledrinking
(4)improvement
1)Thepolicewereorderedtostoppeopledrinkingaboutmidnight.
2)Thepolicewereorderedtostopdrinkingbythemselvesaboutmidnight.
3.Morphemeisthesmallestlinguisticunitthathassemanticmeaning.Themorpholo
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