华兹华斯诗歌之自然性浅析.docx

华兹华斯诗歌之自然性浅析.docx

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华兹华斯诗歌之自然性浅析

华兹华斯诗歌之“自然性”浅析

AnalysisofPlaceandPositionof“Nature”inWordsworth’sPoetry

Contents

Abstract……………………………………………………………………...1

Keywords………………………………….………………………………...1

I.TheintroductionofWordsworth....................................................……….........1

II.WorksofWordsworth………………………………………………..…………3

2.1Theintroductionofhisworks………………………………………………….4

2.2Wordsworth’sconceptionof“nature”…………………………………………4

2.2.1WordsworthandNature...……………….……………….…….………....4

2.2.2WordsworthandImagination……………………...…………….………..4

2.2.3WordsworthandtheRevolutioninPoetry…………………......…………4

III.PlaceandPositionof“Nature”........................…...............................….….....4

3.1Analysisofthe“nature”in“IWanderedLonelyasaCloud”…….……...…5

3.2“Natureteaching”in“Nuttingderived”………………….……..…………....7

3.3Analysisofthe“nature”in“LyricalBallads”……………………….……..…8

IV.Conclusion.............………………………………………..…...……………....12

References...……………………………………………….………………….…..…...13

摘　要:

　　华兹华斯的诗以描写自然风光、田园景色、乡民村姑、少男少女闻名于世。

文笔朴素清新，自然流畅，一反新古典主义平板、典雅的风格，开创了新鲜活泼的浪漫主义诗风。

1798年华兹华斯与柯尔律治共同发表的《抒情歌谣集》宣告了浪漫主义新诗的诞生。

华兹华斯在1800年《抒情歌谣集》第二版的序言中详细阐述了浪漫主义新诗的理论，主张以平民的语言抒写平民的事物、思想与感情，被誉为浪漫主义诗歌的宣言。

此后，华兹华斯的诗歌在深度与广度方面得到进一步的发展，在描写自然风光、平民事物之中寓有深意，寄托着自我反思和人生探索的哲理思维。

关键词:

华兹华斯,浪漫主义,自然;自然观

Abstract:

　　ThepoemofWordsworthiswell-knownindescribingnaturalscenery,ruralarea,thevillageryoungwomanandyoungboysandgirls.Thestyleofhiswritingissimpleandfresh,naturallysmooth,againstNeoclassicismplatform,refinedstyle,andheopenedthefreshandlivelyromanticpoemstyle.WordsworthdeclarestheromanticismasthenewbirthofpoemwithKohllaw“lyricalchapbook”publishedtogetherin1798.Wordsworth’ssecondpreambleexplainedthenewtheoryofpoemdetailedin"lyricalballads”in1800,describedcommonpeople'sthings,thoughtandemotionincommonpeople'slanguage,whichwaspraisedasthedeclarationoftheromanticpoem.ThepoemofWordsworthgotfurtherdevelopmentindepthandbroadness,resideprofoundmeaningindescribingthenaturalscenery,commonpeople'sthings,placingthephilosophictheorythinkingthatoneselfreviewsandexploresinlife.

KeyWords:

Wordsworth;Romanticism;Nature;ConceptionofNature

I.TheintroductionofWordsworth

WilliamWordsworthwasborninCockermouth,Cumberland,in1770.HecamefromNorthofEngland.Fromhisveryearlyyears,hehadaprofoundlovefornature,whichcharacterizesallhisworks.Hisparentsdiedwhenhewasveryyoung,andhewasputunderthecareofhisrelatives.HewassenttoschoolatHawksheadbyhisguardianunclesandlivedinpovertyatthecottageofavillagedame.Hehadnointellectualcompanyandfoundgreatcomfortinhispreciousbooks,andinpersonalfreedomfromrestraint.Hawwksheadwashishome,exceptatholidayperiods,fromhisninthtohiseighteenthyear.

HewenttoStJohn’sCollege,Cambridgein1787,wherehefoundlittletointeresthim.Hebecameverysolitaryandappearedtobeunsociable.Inthesummerof1790hetookawalkingtourthroughFranceandSwitzerland.AfterleavingCambridgehesettledinLondonforatime.Beforetheendof1791hewasbackinFranceagain,andstayedtheretilltheendof1792.HewitnessedandsympathizedwiththeFrenchRevolution.SoonhewasforcedtoreturntoEnglandbecausehisrelatives,inadesperateefforttosavehimfromtheguillotine,cutoffhisallowance.In1795hisfriendRaisleyCalvertlefthimalegacyof900pounds,whichenabledhimtoacquireatoncetwoimmenselyvaluablecompanions:

hissisterDorothyandhisfriendColeridge.Atfirst,WordsworthsettledwithhissisterDorothyatRacedowninSomersetshire.Theylivedafrugalwayturnedandhiseyesto“thefaceofnature”andtookaninterestinthepeasantslivingintheirneighborhood.Shealsoinducedhimtotransformhisobservationofthelandscapeintotherevelationofthebeautyofnatureinpoetry,andthus“preservedthepoetinhim.”

In1797hemadefriendswithColeridge.ThentheylivedtogetherintheQuantockHills,Somerset,devotingtheirtimetowritingpoetry.Thetworomanticpoetshadstrikinglydifferenttempersandliterarytastes.Bothwereintensivelycreative,butWordsworthwasmorepensiveandphilosophicalwhileColeridgewasmorediscursiveanderratic.Coleridgewasawide-rangingreaderandatirelesstalker.Heopenedanewworldtohisreaderswhohadhardlygonebeyondtherationalismofthe18thcentury.Wordsworthwasmoreseriousandintellectual.Nothingwasofanyusetohimunlessitwasrelatedtopartofhislifeexperience.Hefirmlybelievedintherestorativepowerofnatureandinthevalidityofnaturalemotions.Sointheirpartnership,Coleridgewastotakeupthe“supernatural”subjects,whileWordsworthwas“togivethecharmofnoveltytothingofeveryday”.In1798theyjointlypublishedLyricalBallads.Itspublicationmarkedthebreakwiththeconventionalpoeticaltraditionofthe18thcenturyandthebeginningoftheromanticperiodinEngland.

In1802WordsworthmarriedMaryHutchinson,inwhomhefoundaninestimableblessing.Atthebeginningof1805WordsworthsufferedagrievousandunforgettablelosswhenhisbrotherJohnwentdownwithhisshipinthewatersoftheEnglishChannel.AGloryhadpassedawayfromtheworld;tolivewasnolongeradelightfulexperiencebutonlytofulfillaresponsibility.Theshortpoem“OdetoDuty”markedachangeinattitudetowardslife.Itwastheutteranceofthepoet’sresignation.Hewasnolongertherobustsonofjoy;hewasresignedtotheburdenofliving.Wordsworthbegantoage,tolookfearfullyatthecourseoftheworld.Nolongerpoliticallyenthusiastic,heretiredtothenorthernLakeDistricttoliveinseclusionforafullhalfcentury.HebecameaToryandacceptedtheofficeofadistributorofstamps.In1843hewasnamedpoetlaureate,andhisimportanceintheRomanticMovementwaspubliclyacknowledged.Wordsworthdiedin1850whenhewaseighty.

II.WorksofWordsworth

2.1Theintroductionofhisworks

Wordsworth'smostfamouswork,ThePrelude（1850）,isconsideredbymanytobethecrowningachievementofEnglishromanticism.Thepoem,revisednumeroustimes,chroniclesthespirituallifeofthepoetandmarksthebirthofanewgenreofpoetry.AlthoughWordsworthworkedonThePreludethroughouthislife,thepoemwaspublishedposthumously.WordsworthspenthisfinalyearssettledatRydalMountinEngland,travelingandcontinuinghisoutdoorexcursions.DevastatedbythedeathofhisdaughterDorain1847,Wordsworthseeminglylosthiswilltocomposepoems.WilliamWordsworthdiedatRydalMountonApril23,1850,leavinghiswifeMarytopublishThePreludethreemonthslater.Wordsworth'spoemiswell-knownintermsofdescribingnaturalscenery,sceneryofruralarea,thevillageryoungwomaninvillage,youngboysandgirls.Thestyleofwritingissimpleandfresh,smoothnaturally,againstNeoclassicismplatform,refinedstyle,andopenedthefreshandlivelyromanticpoemwind.

Thesecondpreambleeditionexplainromanticismthenewtheoryofpoemindetailin1800years.Finishedin1805,thelongpoem"ThePrelude"issuedin1850ishismostrepresentativeworks.

Henotonlycreatesthetheory,butalsopracticesthetheory.PoemtheoryofWordsworthwaverBritainclassicalgovernancethatpoemlearn,havepromotedtheinnovationoftheBritishpoemanddevelopmentofromanticsporteffectively,thereforetheGreatBritainandAmericareviewercallsBritainromanticdeclarationsWordsworth's"LyricalBallads".

2.2Wordsworth’sconceptionofnature

2.2.1WordsworthandNature

Nature,inallitsforms,wasimportanttoWordsworth,butherarelyusessimpledescriptions.Insteadheconcentratesonthewaysinwhichherespondsandrelatestotheworld.Heuseshispoetrytolookattherelationshipbetweennatureandhumanlife,andtoexplorethebeliefthatnaturecanhaveanimpactonouremotionalandspirituallives.

2.2.2WordsworthandImagination

Wordsworthsawimaginationasapowerful,activeforcethatworksalongsideoursenses,interpretingthewayweviewtheworldandinfluencinghowwereacttoevents.Hebelievedthatastrongimaginativelifeisessentialforourwell-being.OfteninWordsworthspoetry,hisintenseimaginativeefforttranslatesintothegreatvisionarymomentsofhispoetry.

2.2.3WordsworthandtheRevolutioninPoetry

WordsworthandColeridgewerefiredbytheideasofthetime,which,intermsofliteratureandart,broughtanewstressonindividualcreativityandasenseoffreedomtoinnovate.Thetwopoetshelpedtobringaboutarevolutioninpoetry,givingitfreshimpetusandanewdirection.Intheirday,WordsworthandColeridgewereseenasexperimentalpoets,whoseworkchallengedacceptedideasaboutwhatpoetrywasandhowitmightbewritten.

III.PlaceandPositionof“Nature”

WilliamWordsworth,theRomanticpoet,ismostoftendescribedasa"nature"writer;whattheword"nature"meanttoWordsworthis,however,acomplexissue.Ontheonehand,Wordsworthwasthequintessentialpoetasnaturalist,alwayspayingcloseattentiontodetailsofthephysicalenvironmentaroundhim（plants,animals,geography,weather,etc）.

OnJuly14th,1789,theParisianpeoplestormedtheBastille,whichmarkedtheoutbreakoftheFrenchRevolution.BeforelongitsgreatinfluencesweptthewholeEuropeancontinent.InEnglandallsocialcontradictionssharpenedinthemeantime.Workers,peasants,andindeedallpeopleofthelowerclassesaswellastheprogressiveintellectualshailedtheFrenchRevolutionanditsprinciple“liberty,equalityandfraternity”.Incompanywiththepoliticalmovementinprogress,a