中级英语口语考试.docx
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中级英语口语考试.docx
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中级英语口语考试
.
2016年二级起点第二学期口语考试题
TaskI.picturedescriptionbetweendiscisson1.thepicturedescerptioneda
apandadanadogthepandasaidtothedogbengbengyou
day
all
the
of
shouldnot
be
too
fond
play
andyouneedtoacquiresomeskillsoryoumaycantdo
nothingbutthedoggsaidlkllkdfkklfjlklhl
daydream,betoofondofplay,acquiresomeskills,begoodat
..
.
2.
..
.
),cheat虚荣fox,crow,meat,vanity(
3.
..
.
goldfish,goldfishbowl,sea,success,giveup,
..
.
4.
collegegraduates,lookforjobs,askforpity
5.
..
.
bigbrush,awritingholiday,summerpupil,theviolin,
schoolbag
6.
..
.
thepurposeofstudy,power,money
7.
..
.
wealth,civilization,generations,efforts
..
.
8.
blindandhaveAmericanthenewgeneration,milk,worship
faithinforeignthings
..
.
9.
travel,touristarea,belitteredwithgarbage
..
.
10.
stumpsoftrees,therelicofaforest,atree,awall,ticket
price
expressingordetermininghasgroupawayofethnic1.Every
denote
demonstrateusedOvertmembership.factorstoor
..
.
groupmembershiparecalledethnicboundarymarkers.
Ethnicboundarymarkersareimportantnotonlytoidentify
thememberstooneanother,butalsotodemonstrate
identitytoanddistinctivenessfromnonmembers.Because
theyservetodistinguishmembersformallothergroups,a
singleboundarymarkerseldomissufficient.
2.Luckily,large-scalecommercialincidents,whiledramatic,
makeuponlyafractionofthenation'stotalfood-poisoning
caseseachyear.Mostcasesarisefromoneperson'serrorin
asmallsettingandaffectjustafewvictims.Somepeople
havecometoacceptayearlyboutortwoofintestinalillness
asinevitable,butintruth,theseillnessescanandshouldbe
prevented.Topreventthem,consumersneedtolearnhow
toselect,prepare,andstorefoodsafely.
3.Awidevarietyofculturaltraits,clothing,housetypes,
personaladornment,food,technology,economicactivities,
orgenerallifestylemayalsoserveasethnicboundarymarker.
Overthepast100years,arapidhomogenizationofworld
materialculture,foodhabits,andtechnologyhaserased
..
.
manyofthemoreovertculturalmarkers.Today,youdonot
havetobeMexicantoenjoytacos,Italiantoeatpizza,or
Japanesetohavesushiforlunch.Culturaltraitsremain,
however,themostimportant,diverse,andcomplexcategory
ofethnicboundarymarkers.
4.Suchconflictasmorecommoninthemodernworldthan
mostofusrealize.Tounderstandthemagnitudeofpotential
magnitudeofthisproblem,oneneedonlyrealizethatthe
worldisdividedintolessthan200countriesandbetween
3,000and5,000distinctethnicnationalities.Asaresult,the
populationsofmostcountriesencompassanumberof
distinctnationalities.Chinaofficiallyrecognizes56distinct
nationalities.Someestimatesareashighas300ethic
nationalitiesinIndonesia.
5.Thetermaffluenzacombinestwowords:
affluenceand
influenza.Accordingtoanti-consumerandenvironmental
rightsorganizations,thehighconsumptionlifestylesof
affluencecausepeopletobelesshappyeventhoughthey
areacquiringmore“things”.Themajornegativeeffectonthe
..
.
environmentisthatoverconsumptionisdepletingthe
world'snaturalresources,anti-consumergroupsargue.
6.Withinanycountry,suchasourown,arerichpeoplehappier?
Inpoorcountries,suchasBangladeshandIndia,being
relativelywelloffdoesmakeforsomewhatgreater
well-being.Psychologicallyaswellasmaterially,itismuch
bettertobehighcastethanlowcaste.Wehumansneed
food,restwarmth,andsocialcontact.Butinaffluent
countries,wherenearlyeveryonecanaffordlife'snecessities,
increasingaffluencematterssurprisinglylittle.
7.Inselectingwhatstoriestocover,whatmusictoplay,what
filmstoproduceanddistribute,whataretosponsorand
display,andwhatbookstopublish,themassmediadefine
whatisimportantandwhatissuesareworthyofpublic
consideration.Thepersonsandgroupswhomakethese
decisionshaveenormousculturalandpoliticalpower.
Controllingandinfluencethemassmediaisthereforea
centralfeatureoftheculturewar.
8.Coalproducesextremelyhighheatforashortperiodoftime.
..
.
Dishescookedusingcoalideallyfeaturefoodscutintosmall
piecesandquicklystir-fired.Althoughmanyofthereasons
forthedevelopmentoftheseculturalfoodpracticesare
changing,peoplestillrelyonpartsofthem.Homechefsin
IndiaandChinaarebothincreasinglylikelytousemicrowave
ovenstoheatuppre-madefoodsbutstillfavorcurriesand
dicedvegetablesandmeatrespectively.
9.Inthepasttwodecades,millionsofAmericanshavebegun
tochangetheirideasaboutthe“naturalness”ofsexroles.
Traditionaldiscriminationsarecomingtobeperceivedas
irrationalsystemthatthreatenswomenwithlifelong
inferiorityandwastepotentialandrestrictsmentotherole
ofalwaysbeingcompetitive,aggressive,andemotionally
insensitive.Whatwillthefuturebelike?
Predictingthe
precisedirectionthatsex-rolestereotypeswilltakeis
difficult.
10.Thenormworldwidehasbeenmostlytowardpatriarchal
societies,thatis,societiesruledbymeninwhichmenare
deferredtoastheprincipaldecisionmakersinboththe
familyandinsocietyasawhole.Inpatriarchalsocietiesmen
..
.
takethebestjobs,arethebreadwinnersandcontrolthe
finance,aretreatedwiththegreatestrespect,andhavethe
greatestaccesstoeducation.
11.Weadaptbyrecalibratingour“adaptationlevels”—the
neutralpointsatwhichsoundsseemneitherloudorsoft,
lightsneitherbrightnordim,experiencesneitherpleasant
norunpleasant.HereinMichiganonawinter'sday,60
degreeswouldfeelwarm,butnotwhenweareadaptedto
summer'sheat.Soitiswiththings.Ourfirstdesktop
computer,withinformationloadedfromacassettetape,
seemedremarkable,untilwegotthatspeedierhard-drive
machine.
12.It'sgoodtoknowthatnosinglefoodadditiveposesasevere
dangertotheentirepopulation.Butseveraladditives,such
asthosewehavementioned,doposesomeriskstothe
generalpublicandshouldbeavoidedasmuchaspossible.
Fortunately,peoplearemoreawarethaneverofthedangers
ofpesticideresiduesonfruitsandvegetablesandof
additivesinourprocessedfoods.Thereisintensepressure
onthefederalgovernmenttobanunsafesubstances.
..
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