武汉大学真题.docx

武汉大学真题.docx

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武汉大学真题

武汉大学真题2007年

（总分：

100.00，做题时间：

90分钟）

一、{{B}}PartⅠReadingComprehension{{/B}}（总题数：

5，分数：

40.00）

{{B}}Directions:

{{/B}}Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.

Whatissospecialaboutintuitivetalent?

ExtensiveresearchonbrainskillsindicatesthatthosewhoscoreashighlyintuitivelyonsuchtestinstrumentsastheMyers-BriggsTypeIndicatortendtobethemostinnovativeinstrategicplanninganddecisionmaking.Theytendtobemoreinsightfulandbetteratfindingnewwaysofdoingthings.Inbusiness,theyarethepeoplewhocansensewhetheranewproductideawill"fly"inthemarketplace.Theyarethepeoplewhowillgenerateingeniousnewsolutionstooldproblemsthatmayhavefesteredforyears.Thesearetheexecutivesthatallorganizationswouldlovetofind.

But,surprisingly,organizationsoftenthwart,block,ordriveoutthistalent--theverytalenttheyrequirefortheirfuturesurvival!

Attheveryleast,mostorganizationslackwell-establishedhuman-capitalprogramsdesignedtosearchforandconsciouslyusetheiremployees'intuitivetalentinthestrategic-planningprocess.Asaresult,thistalentiseithernotused,suppressed,orlostaltogether.

Typically,highlyintuitivemanagersworkinanorganizationalclimatethatistheoppositeofthatwhichwouldenablethemtoflourishandtoreadilyusetheirskillsforstrategicdecisionmaking.Thisclimatecanbecharacterizedasfollows:

Newideasarenotreadilyencouraged.Highermanagerschooseotherswhothinkmuchastheydoforsupportstaff.Unconventionalapproachestoproblemsolvingencounterenormousresistance.Beforelong,theintuitiveexecutivebeginstoemotionallywithdraw,slowlybutsurelyreducinghisorherinputandoftenleavingtheorganizationaltogether.

Toachievehigherproductivityinthestrategic-planninganddecisionmakingprocess,clearlywhatisneededisanorganizationalclimateinwhichintuitivebrainskillsandstylescanflourishandbeintegratedwithmore-traditionalmanagementtechniques.Theorganization'sleadershipmusthaveaspecialsensitivitytothevalueofintuitiveinputinstrategicdecisionmakingandunderstandhowtocreateanenvironmentinwhichtheuseofintuitionwillgrow,integratingitintothemainstreamoftheorganization'sstrategic-planningprocess.

（分数：

8.00）

（1）.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTdescribeintuitivetalents?

（分数：

2.00）

 A.Theyareinnovativeinstrategicplanning.

 B.Theyaregoodatfindingnewapproachestooldproblems.

 C.Theyaretheexecutivesthatallorganizationswouldlovetofind.

 D.Theyarefullyutilized. √

解析：

D（他们受到重用。

）没有用于描写天才。

第一段第二句提到A（他们在策划方面富于创新）；第一段第三句提到B（他们善于发现处理老问题的新方法。

）；第一段最后一句提到了C（他们是所有机构都想找的管理人员。

）。

（2）.Highlyintuitivemanagerstypicallyworkinaclimatethat______.（分数：

2.00）

 A.enablesthemtoflourish

 B.discouragesnewideas √

 C.achieveshigherproductivity

 D.bothAandC

解析：

很有才华的管理人员通常在不允许有新观点的氛围中工作。

根据第三段开头，有敏锐洞察力的管理人员在不利于他们成功、不利于他们很容易运用自己的智能进行决策的氛围中工作。

新观点很难受到鼓励。

（3）.Anexecutivemightleavetheorganizationbecause______.（分数：

2.00）

 A.heishurt

 B.heisfired

 C.hisintuitivetalentisnotused √

 D.heearnstoolittle

解析：

管理人员可能会离开他的机构，因为他的天才没有受到重用。

根据第三段后半段，新思想很难受到鼓励，高层管理人员选那些跟他们想法一样的人作为帮手，不同凡响的、解决问题的办法遭到极大的反对。

不久，有敏锐洞察力的管理人员开始在思想上缓慢地打退堂鼓，一定会减少自己的投入，往往彻底地离开自己的机构。

（4）.Anorganization'sleadershipshoulddoallofthefollowingEXCEPT______.（分数：

2.00）

 A.separatingintuitivestylesfromtraditionalmanagementtechniques √

 B.learninghowtousecreativethinking

 C.learninghowtouseproblemsolvingskills

 D.noneoftheabove

解析：

一个机构的领导应做以下事情，只是不能把凭直觉的方法同传统的管理方法割裂开来。

A表达的意思与第四段第一句的意思正好相反。

这句话的意思是：

为了利用战略规划和决策的过程提高生产力，显然需要这样一种组织环境：

直觉和凭直觉办事的方法能够盛行，而且应该同更传统的管理办法结合起来。

ThegeologyoftheEarth'ssurfaceisdominatedbytheparticularpropertiesofwater.PresentonEarthinsolid,liquid,andgaseousstates,waterisexceptionallyreactive.Itdissolves,transports,andprecipitatesmanychemicalcompoundsandisconstantlymodifyingthefaceoftheEarth.

Evaporatedfromtheoceans,watervaporformsclouds,someofwhicharetransportedbywindoverthecontinents.Condensationfromthecloudsprovidestheessentialagentofcontinentalerosion:

rain.Precipitatedontotheground,thewatertricklesdowntoformbrooks,streams,andrivers,constitutingwhatiscalledthehydrographicnetwork.Thisimmensepolarizednetworkchannelsthewatertowardasinglereceptacle:

anocean.Gravitydominatesthisentirestepinthecyclebecausewatertendstominimizeitspotentialenergybyrunningfromhighaltitudestowardthereferencepointthatissealevel.

Therateatwhichamoleculeofwaterpassesthroughthecycleisnotrandombutisameasureoftherelativesizeofthevariousreservoirs.Ifwedefineresidencetimeastheaveragetimeforawatermoleculetopassthroughoneofthethreereservoirs--atmosphere,continent,andocean--weseethatthetimesareverydifferent.Awatermoleculestays,onanaverage,elevendaysintheatmosphere,onehundredyearsonacontinentandfortythousandyearsintheocean.Thislastfigureshowstheimportanceoftheoceanastheprincipalreservoirofthehydrospherebutalsotherapidityofwatertransportonthecontinents.

Avastchemicalseparationprocesstakesplacesduringtheflowofwateroverthecontinents.Solubleionssuchascalcium,sodium,potassium,andsomemagnesiumaredissolvedandtransported.Insolubleionssuchasaluminum,iron,andsiliconstaywheretheyareandformthethin,fertileskinofsoilonwhichvegetationcangrow.Sometimessoilsaredestroyedandtransportedmechanicallyduringflooding.Theerosionofthecontinentsthusresultsfromtwocloselylinkedandinterdependentprocesses,chemicalerosionandmechanicalerosion.Theirrespectiveinteractionsandefficiencydependondifferentfactors.

（分数：

8.00）

（1）.Accordingtothepassage,cloudsareprimarilyformedbywater______.（分数：

2.00）

 A.precipitatingontotheground

 B.changingfromasolidtoaliquidstate

 C.evaporatingfromtheoceans √

 D.beingcarriedbywind

解析：

根据短文，云层主要是靠海洋中的水蒸发而成的。

根据第二段第一句，水蒸气从海洋中蒸发之后形成云，风把某些云层带到各个大陆。

（2）.Thepassagesuggeststhatthepurposeofthe"hydrographicnetwork"isto______.（分数：

2.00）

 A.determinethesizeofmoleculesofwater

 B.preventsoilerosioncausedbyflooding

 C.movewaterfromtheEarth'ssurfacetotheoceans √

 D.regulatetherateofwaterflowfromstreamsandrivers

解析：

短文表明，“水道网”的目的是把水从地球表面输送到海洋中。

根据第二段第四句，这种巨大的两极化的网络把水输送到巨大的容器——海洋之中。

（3）.Whatdeterminestherateatwhichamoleculeofwatermovesthroughthecycle,asdiscussedinthethirdparagraph?

（分数：

2.00）

 A.Thepotentialenergycontainedinwater.

 B.Theeffectsofatmosphericpressureonchemicalcompounds.

 C.Theamountsofrainfallthatfallonthecontinents.

 D.Therelativesizeofthewaterstorageareas. √

解析：

蓄水区相对的体积。

根据第三段第一句，水分子通过的周期的速度并不是任意的，但是能测出许多蓄水区相对的体积。

（4）.AllofthefollowingareexamplesofsolubleionsEXCEPT______.（分数：

2.00）

 A.magnesium

 B.iron √

 C.potassium

 D.calcium

解析：

以下均是可溶离子的例子，铁除外。

根据最后一段可知，像钙、钠、钾这样的可溶性离子和某些镁离子是可以溶解的，不可溶的离子，如铝离子、铁离子和硅离子保持原状，并形成薄薄而又肥沃的、植物可以在上面生长的土层。

PeopleintheUnitedStatesinthenineteenthcenturywerehauntedbytheprospectthatunprecedentedchangeinthenation'seconomywouldbringsocialchaos.Intheyearsfollowing1820,afterseveraldecadesofrelativestability,theeconomyenteredaperiodofsustainedandextremelyrapidgrowththatcontinuedtotheendofthenineteenthcentury.Accompanyingthatgrowthwasastructuralchangethatfeaturedincreasingeconomicdiversificationandagradualshiftinthenation'slaborforcefromagriculturetomanufacturingandothernonagriculturalpursuits.

Althoughthebirthratecontinuedtodeclinefromitshighleveloftheeighteenthandearlynineteenthcentury,thepopulationroughlydoubledeverygenerationduringtherestofthenineteenthcentury.Asthepopulationgrew,itsmakeupalsochanged.Massivewavesofimmigrationbroughtnewethnicgroupsintothecountry.Geographicandsocialmobility--downwardaswellasupward--touchedalmosteveryone.Localstudiesindicatethatnearlythree-quittersofthepopulation--intheNorthandSouth,intheemergingcitiesoftheNortheast,andintherestlessruralcountiesoftheWest--changedtheirresidenceoftheNortheast,andintherestlessruralcountiesoftheWest--changedtheirresidenceeachdecade.Asaconsequence,historianDavidDonaldhaswritten,"Socialatomizationaffectedeverysegmentofsociety,"anditseemedtomanypeoplethat"alltherecognizedvaluesoforderlycivilizationweregraduallybeingeroded."

Rapidindustrializationandincreasedgeographicmobilityinthenineteenthcenturyhadspecialimplicationsforwomenbecausethesechangestendedtomagnifysocialdistinctions.Astherolesmenandwomenplayedinsocietybecamemorerigidlydefined,sodidtherolestheyplayedinthehome.Inthecontextofextremecompetitivenessanddizzyingsocialchange,thehouseholdlostmanyofitsearlierfunctionsandthehomecametoserveasahavenoftranquilityandorder.Asthesizeoffamiliesdecreased,therolesofhusbandandwifebecamemoreclearlydifferentiatedthaneverbefore.Inthemiddleclassespecially,menparticipatedintheproductiveeconomywhilewomenruledthehomeandservedasthecustodiansofcivilityandculture.Theintimacyofmarriagethatwascommoninearlierperiodswasrent,andagulfthatattimesseemedunbridgeablewascreatedbetweenhusbandsandwives.

（分数：

8.00）

（1）.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

（分数：

2.00）

 A.Th