最新中考英语首字母填空解题技巧及练习.docx
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最新中考英语首字母填空解题技巧及练习.docx
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最新中考英语首字母填空解题技巧及练习
中考英语首字母填空解题技巧及练习
Step1:
掌握七种句子成分与十种词性之间的对应关系。
通过对单一成分的分类练习,掌握该句子成分与何种词性相对应。
词性正确是答案正确的前提。
(1)对主语的判断
1._______arehelpfultostudents.(teach)
2._______ismoreimportanttomethanmoney.(healthy)
3.Somefamous_______aregoingtogivelecturesinouruniversityinAugust.(science)
4._______ismyfavoritesport.(fish)
5._______stampsismyhobby.(collect)
Key:
1.Teachers2.Health3.scientists4.Fishing5.Collecting
分析:
以上练习中,所填的词均为句子的主语。
主语是动作的发出者,词性主要为名词与代词(1-3);动词不能直接用作主语,必须转化成其对应的名词或动名词(4-5)。
此外,形容词前加the以及带连词的句子也可作主语。
例如:
Thericharenotalwayshappy.句中therich指“有钱人”,因此可以作主语。
WhatIwantedwasjustyourhelp.句中WhatIwanted是一个带有连词what的句子,因此也可以作主语。
(2)对谓语的判断
Johnwasstandingonthestepofahouse.Anoldwomanc________overtohim.“Myboy,”shea_____,“Isyourfatherathome?
”“Yes,”a_______John.Thewomanb________ringingthebell.Sherangandrang,buttherewasnoanswer.Atlastshet_____backtoJohnands______angrily,“Didn’tyous______thatyourfatherwasathome?
”“Idid”,answeredJohn,“butthisi_______myhouse.”
Key:
cameaskedansweredbeganturnedsaidsayisn’t
分析:
语篇中的所缺词均为谓语动词。
谓语是句子所表示的动作,词性只能是动词,而且在句子中不能缺。
当一个主谓结构中同时出现两个或两个以上动词时,还要判断他们之间的相互关系,对谓语动词或非谓语动词的判断只有在熟练掌握相关知识的基础上,才能作出正确的判断。
平时练习和周练中,我经常让学生做些“用动词的适当形式填空”练习,有助于对动词形式的判断。
(3)对宾语的判断
1. Mr.Chenwassurprisedtoseethefast________inShanghaiafterhislongabsencefromthecity.(develop)
2. Thefrontisingreatneedofmedical_____.(work)
3. Thankyouforyour_______.(kind)
4. Atlasthesoldhis______.(invent)
Key:
1.development2.workers3.kindness4.invention(s)
分析:
宾语是动作的承受者,分动词宾语与介词宾语两种。
宾语的词性同和主语的词性一样,单是如果代词作宾语时就必须用其宾格。
(4)对表语的判断
1.Itis______foranordinaryplanetoflytothemoon.(possible)
2.Thesickmanisgetting______.(ill)
3. Patrickisgoingtobea(n)______whenhegrowsup.(engine)
4. Suchcoldweatherisquite_____inJuneandpeoplehavetowearwarmclothesagain.(usually)
5. It’sa______tohaveapicnicwithallthemembers.(please)
Key:
1.impossible2.worse3.engineer4.unusual5.pleasure
分析:
表语是连系动词后接的成分。
词性主要为形容词,名词,介词短语。
如果是动词的适当形式作表语,动词必须改成todo,doing或done的形式。
(5)对定语的判断
1.The_______examsusuallytakeplaceattheendofJune.(finally)
2. Ona_____night,youcanseethousandsofstarsinthesky.(clearly)
3. In______weather,theoldhadbetterstayathome.(freeze)
4. TheFrenchartistsaid,“Itismy_____timetovisitShanghai.Ilovethiscitysomuch.(one)
5. Mostpeopledon’tlike________food.(freeze)
6. Whoisyour________teacher?
(chemical)
Key:
(1)final
(2)clear(3)freezing(4)first(5)frozen(6)chemistry
分析:
定语是修饰名词与代词的成分。
词性以形容词,序数词,介词短语为主。
名词修饰名词说明后面名称的性能或用途。
如:
stampshow/physicsteacher。
如果是动词的适当形式作定语,动词必须改成todo,doing或done的形式。
(6)对状语的判断
1.TheoldladycouldhardlybelievethatshehadgotthetravelpasstoHongKongso______(easy)
2. Watch______,andyouwillfindthedifferencebetweenthetwopictures.(care)
3. Afterflyinginthestormfornearlyonehour,thehelicopterlanded______atlast.(safe)
Key:
(1)easily
(2)carefully(3)safely
分析:
状语是说明动作发生的时间,地点,原因,方式,目的,结果,条件和伴随情况的成分。
词性以副词为主,也可以是介词短语。
如果是动词的适当形式作状语,动词必须改成todo,doing或done的形式。
(7)对连词的判断
1.Workharder,__________you’llmakegreatprogressinEnglish.
2.Myjobistoprotecttheinnocent__________findtheguilty.
3.__________you__________hecangotothecinema,butyoucannotgotogetherbecauseIhaveonlyoneticket.
4.Canyoutellme_________youarefrom?
5.I’llgiveyouacall__________IgettoJapan.
Key:
(1)and
(2)aswellas(3)Either…or(4)where(5)assoonas
分析:
在英语中,并列连词and,but,or,so,notonly…butalso,either…or,neither…nor,aswellas,both…and等连接并列的词,词组和句子;而从属连词则连接主句与从句。
Step2:
在牢记了七种句子成分与十种词性的对应关系之后,多做综合的“用所给单词的正确形式填空”,有利于提高对句子成分的判断能力。
熟练掌握词性转化的技巧是通向首字母填空的第二步。
Step3:
锻炼自己的发散和归纳思维的能力,或称为“猜谜”的能力。
Exercise:
Guessthemissingword.
1. ________arehelpfultostudents.
2. ________arehelpfultostudents.Theygivethemknowledge.
3. ________arehelpfultostudents.Inclasstheyteachthemknowledgeandafter
classtheycareforthemlikeparents.
4. ________arehelpfultostudents.Theykeepthemhealthy.
分析:
按顺序做你会不假思索地得出答案,1---4均为Teachers,全部解完后再思考,似乎第一题答案不仅仅只有Teachers。
按判断主语的结论,凡名词,只要合乎逻辑,都可作为第一题的答案,你会发现Books也可,继而得出结论:
“一切有益于学生的复数名词均为正确答案,如:
Exercises、Doctors、Police、Parents…”。
第二题受后一句knowledge的限制,答案要少一些,如:
Teachers、Books,第三题限制更多,从“carefor”判断主语只能是人,即:
Teachers。
第四题受healthy的限制,最好填Doctors/Nurses。
Step4:
对词性、词义、词形的精确判断阶段,即综合运用阶段。
Mr.Wuisgettingold.Heisl_______theschoolsoon.Thes_______inhisclasshavegivenh______alotofp_______.Amongt______arecards,note-books,photosandbooks.Mostofthecardsarem______bythestudentsthemselves.Photoswillh_____Mr.Wurememberthehappyt_________whenhewaswithhisstudents.Nextweek,t________willhaveap_______tos______goodbyetohim.
分析:
通读短文以后发现Mr.Wu是一位老师。
从old可推断他不久要退休了,所以
“l____”应为谓语动词leaving;“s____”是第三句的主语,结合have判断为students;“h______”是give的宾语,判断为him;“p_____”的内容是cards,note-books…,所以判断为名词presents;“t_____”是介词among的宾语,应为them;“m____”处于bedoneby的结构中,应为过去分词made;“h_____”位于情态动词will之后,应为动词原形help;“t_____”是remember的宾语,并且受到happy的修饰应为time;“t_____”是主语,名词或代词teachers/they;“p____”是have的宾语,前面有冠词,所以是名词party;“s_____”前有to,分析成分为目的状语todo即tosay。
Step5:
熟能生巧阶段。
要做到举重若轻,必须在前四步的基础上作长期系统的训练,把上述知识演化为解题技能。
例如:
【2011上海】Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithsuitablewords.(在短文的空格内填入适当的次,使其内容通顺.每空格限填一词,首字母已给)
Atonetime,makingafilmwasanexpensiveactivityonlyforasmallgroupofpeopleandfilmcompanies.Notonlywerethetoolsandmachinesexpensivebutthecostoffilmwasalsofargreaterthanmostpeoplecouldafford.However,modemtechnologyhasc92allthat.
Newtechnologyhasreallyopeneduptheworldoffilm-makingforfilmfans.Nowacamera
doesnotcostm93andmostyoungpeoplearecertainlyabletopayforit.Soallyouneedistogetoneforyourself.Withthat,youmaythenstartyourownfilm-making.
However,film-makingist94work.Youprobablyneedmanyotherpeopletohelpyou.
Forexample,thep95ofactorsandactressesisveryimportantinyourfilm.Ofcourse,theseactorsandactressesmaybeyourschoolmates,friendsorfamilymembers.Youdon’tevenneedtopaythemacentwhiletheyaregladtobepartofyourjob.
B96,youneedtomakeupastory.Canyouwriteyourownone?
Ifyouhavegoodimagination,youcancreateanattractivestorye97.Manyworld-famousfilmmakersandproducersarealsogoodstory-writers.Ifnot,perhapsyouneedsomeoneelsetowriteitforyou.
Anexcellentstoryisthekeytomakingas98film.
【主旨大意】
文章指出,随着生活水平和现代科技的提高,人们自己制作一部电影已经不再是什么稀罕的事。
文章指出要制作一部优秀的电影,除了优秀演员之外,还需要有一个好的剧本,这是电影成功的保证。
92.changed【解析】上文提到在过去,制作一部电影是一件十分昂贵的事,只有少数人和电影公司才能干。
然而现在随着时间的推移,现代科技将这一切都改变了,故填changed;
93.much【解析】本句意为“现在一部相机花费并不多”,价格大多数人都能坦然接受,故填much;
94.tiring【解析】该句意为“然而,电影制作是一件很累人的事”,work是不可数名词,故要说tiringwork,不能加a;
95.population【解析】下文中都是在谈论电影中的那些男女演员,加上谓语动词是单数,故应填population;
96.besides【解析】上边提到了演员,下边接着讲述应该要有剧本,故填besides;
97.character【解析】这个地方讲“如果你的想象力丰富,那么你就能够创作出一个具有吸引力的人物,……”,故答案填character;
98.successful【解析】该句意为“一个优秀的故事是电影成功的关键”,故答案填successful;
实战练习
1
Sleepisnotthesameeverynight.Weexperiencesomedeepsleepandsomeactivesleep(积极睡眠),whichiswhendreamshappen.Youmightthinksleepwalking(梦游)wouldhappeninactivesleep,butapersonisn'tphysicallyactived86activesleep.Sleepwalkingusuallyhappensinthefirstfewhoursofsleepinthestagecalledslow-wave(慢波)ordeepsleep.Notallsleepwalkersa87walk.Somesimplysituporstandinbedoractlikethey'reawakewhen,infact,they'reasleep!
Most,however,dogetupandmovearoundforafewsecondsorforaslongashalfanhour.
Sleepwalkers'e88areopen,buttheydon'tseethesamewaytheydowhenthey'reawakeandoftenthinkthey'reindifferentroomsofthehouseordifferentplacesaltogether.Sleepwalkerstend(往往会)togobacktobedontheirownandtheywon'tr89itinthemorning.Doctorssaysleepwalkingsometimesoccurswhenapersonissick,hasafever,isnotgettinge90sleep,orisstressed.Ifsleepwalkingoccursfrequently,everynightorso,it'sagoodideaforyourmomordadtotakeyoutoseeyourdoctor.Butoccasional(偶然的)sleepwalkinggenerallyisn'tsomethingtoworryabout,a91"itmaylookfunnyorevenscary(惊恐的)forthepeoplewhoseeasleepwalkerinaction.
It'simportant,ofcourse,thatthepersoniskeptsafe.Precautions(预防措施)shouldbet92sothepersonislesslikelytofalldown,runintosomething,orwalkoutthefrontdoorwhilesleepwalking.
86.during87.actually88.eyes89.remember90.enough91.although92.taken
2
Everyoneneedssleep.Infact,alllivingthingsneedsleep.Havingasoundandgoodrestm_____86_____ushealthy.Itisbelievedthatourbraindevelopsbestduringsleep.Ithelpsalloursystemsworkwellw_____87_____weareawake.Sleepallowsourbraintoreorganizealleventsduringthedayandwillimproveourmemorydevelopment.
Forastudent,eighttotenhoursofsleepisrequiredtogivehimorhere_____88_____forthefollowingday.Agoodsleepallowsthemtogrowphysicallyandmentally(心理上).
Withe_____89_____sleepatnight,studentswouldbeabletowakeupearlyandbereadyforschoolactivities.Theywillbeabletolistencarefullyinclassandwouldhavetheabilitytomemorizethethingsthattheylearnandr_____90_____theminthefuture.
Eighthoursofsleepmakesstudentsactivet_____91_____thewholedayatschool.Theywouldbeabletoperformwellinclass,takedownnote
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