外文翻译采矿对煤层底板断层活化影响的数值模拟.docx
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外文翻译采矿对煤层底板断层活化影响的数值模拟.docx
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外文翻译采矿对煤层底板断层活化影响的数值模拟
英文原文
NumericalSimulationofCoalFloorFaultActivationInfluencedbyMining
WANGLian-guo,MIAOXie-xing
SchoolofSciences,ChinaUniversityofMining&Technology,Xuzhou,Jiangsu221008,China
Abstract:
BymeansofthenumericalsimulationsoftwareANSYS,theactivationregularityofcoalfloorfaultscausedbyminingissimulated.Theresultsindicatethatthevariationinhorizontal,verticalandshearstresses,aswellasthehorizontalandverticaldisplacementsintheupperandthelowerfaultblocksattheworkfacearealmostidentical.Influencedbyminingofthefloorrock,therearestressreleasingandstressrisingareasattheupperpartandatthefootwallofthefault.Thedistributionofstressisinfluencedbythefaultsothatthestressisolinesarestaggeredbythefaultfaceandthestressisfocusedontherockseamaroundthetwoendsofthefault.Buttheinfluenceinfaultactivationontheupperorthelowerfaultblocksoftheworkfaceismarkedlydifferent.Whentheworkfaceisonthefootwallofthefault,thereisahorizontaltensionstressareaontheupperpartofthefault;whentheworkfaceisontheupperpartofthefault,ithasahorizontalcompressivestressareaonthelowerfaultblock.Whentheworkfaceisatthelowerfaultblock,themaximumverticaldisplacementis5timeslargerthenwhentheworkfaceisontheupperfaultblock,whichgreatlyincreasesthechanceofafatalinrushofwaterfromthecoalfloor.
Keywords:
mining;faultactivation;simulation
1Introduction
Inthispaperweattempttoappraisetheactivationregularityanddeformationofcoalfloorfaultscausedbymining.Damagemechanismsofrockaroundcoalfloorfaultsaredescribedfromdifferentaspectsandindifferentcontexts[1–10].Descriptionscan,tosomeextent,intensifyourunderstandingofcoalfloorfaultactivationcausedbymining.However,lookingattheeffectoftheseviews,amechanicalanalysiscannotachievethepurposeofpicturesandclarity.Foramoreprofoundunderstandingoftheregularityoffaultactivationcausedbyminingattheworkface,weusecomputerstomakenumericalsimulationsandobtainaseriesofvaluableconclusions.
2NumericalCalculationofModelFormation
Consideringthedifferentfaultactivationsinfluencedbytheworkfaceontheupperandlowerfaultblocks,webuildtwocalculationmodelsaccordingtothestateoftheplanestrain.Fig.1isacalculationmodel(ModelⅠ)oftheworkfaceonthelowerfaultblock,showingtheloadingonthetopoftheterraneaccordingtothedistributionalcharacteristics[11]ofminepressure.Giventheconditionsofminingtechnologyofthe
Qinanmine,theterrane70mfore-and-afttheworkfaceand30mdeepunderthecoalfloorissimulated.ThelithologyofthefloorisBereasandstoneandtheelasticmodulusE=1.09×104MPa,thePoisson’sratioμ=0.34,thecohesionC=2.94MPa,theinternalfrictionangleφ=35°andthedensityγ=2.5kN/m3.Thecalculationmodeloftheworkfaceontheupperpartofthefault(ModelⅡ)isthesameasthatofModelⅠexceptthattheabutmentpressureaheadoftheworkfaceisontheupperpartofthefault.
3NumericalSimulationResultsandAnalysis
Forbothmodels,theisolinegraphsofhorizontal,verticalandshearstressesaswellasthehorizontalandverticaldisplacementsofmodelsⅠandⅡhavebeencalculatedandareplottedrespectivelyasFigs.2–3.
3.1Distributioncharacteristicsofhorizontalstresses
Influencedbyminingofthecoalfloorrock,therearehorizontalstressreleasingareasandrisingareasattheupperpartandatthefootwallofthefault.Thedistributionofhorizontalstressesisinfluencedbythefaultanditisobviousthatthestressisolinesarestaggeredbythefaultfaceandthestressisconcentratedontherockseamaroundthetwoendsofthefault.InmodelI,stressisconcentratedattheshallowpartoftheorebodyatthefootwallofthefault.Thehorizontalstressis6.4–10MPa.Thehorizontalstressunderthefaultfaceis3.1–4.9MPa.Thelowerpartofmined-outareasonthelowerfaultblockreleasespressure,andmayeventurntotensionstressofabout0.5MPa.Butinthedeeperpart,thehorizontalstressturnstocompressivestressandthevalueincreasesgradually.InmodelⅡ,thestressisconcentratedatthelowerpartoftheorebodyonthelowerfaultblockandthe
horizontalstressbecomes14.6–27.5MPa.Thehorizontalstressunderthefaultfaceis4.94–8.16MPa.Thelowerpartofthemined-outareasatthefaultfootwallreleasespressure;thehorizontalstressis4.94MPa.
3.2Distributionalcharacteristicsofverticalstresses
Thedistributionsofverticalstressesarealsoinfluencedbyfaults.Thestressisolinesarestaggeredbythefaultface.Thestressisfocusedontherockseamroundthetwoendsofthefault.InmodelI,thestressisconcentratedatthelowerpartoftheorebodyonthelowerfaultblock.Whenthedepthincreases,theextentofthestressconcentrationintherockunderthecoalbeddecreases.Theverticalstressesoftherockunderthecoalbedstepdownfrom29.8MPato18.7MPa.Theextentofthereleaseattheupperpartofmined-outareasreducesgraduallyandtheverticalstressesincreasefrom1.5MPato8.6MPa.Theverticalstressesatthefootwallofthefaultfaceincreasefrom8.6MPato15.4MPa.InmodelⅡ,thestressisconcentratedatthelowerpartoftheorebodyonthelowerfaultblock.Whenthedepthincreased,theconcentrationofstressintherockunderthecoalbeddecreased.Theverticalstressesoftherockunderthecoalbedstepdownfrom47.1MPato13.5MPa.Theextentofthereleaseofthefootwallmined-outareasgraduallyreducesandtheverticalstressesincreasefrom2.33MPato7.92MPa.Theverticalstressatthefootwalloffaultfaceis13.5MPa.
3.3Distributionalcharacteristicsofshearstresses
Thedistributionofshearstressesattheupperpartandthefootwallofthefaultareobviouslydifferent.Thedistributionalcharacteristicsofshearstressisolinesareinconflictandtheshearstressesareconcentratedatthetwoendsofthefault.In
modelⅠ,thestressesunderthefaultfaceevolvefromcompressiveshearstresstotensionshearstress.Itsvaluerangesfrom–5.4MPato–0.3MPa(theminussignmeanscompressivestressandthepositivesignmeanstensionstress).Thetensionattheupperfaultblockfaceoftheshearstressareahasavalueof0.3MPaintheshallowpartwhichgraduallyincreasesto2.56MPainthedeeperpart.InmodelⅡ,thestressabovethefaultfacechangedfromtensionshearstresstocompressiveshearstressandthevaluesrangedfrom–6.6MPato–11.6MPa(again,theminussignmeanscompressivestressandthepositivesigntensionstress).Theupperpartofthefaultfaceisatensionshearstressareaandthevaluegraduallyreducesfrom4.99MPato0.57MPa.3.4HorizontaldisplacementInmodelⅠ,thehorizontalcompressivedisplacementonthelowerfaultblockissmall;itsvalueis0.3–5.6mm.Thehorizontalcompressivedisplacementatthefaultfootwallislarge.Themaximumvalueis42.6mm,butthisfallsgraduallyto0.3mmwithincreasingdepth.InmodelⅡ,thehorizontaltensiondisplacementofthecoalfloorattheupperpartofthefaultrangesfrom1.3mmto10.9mm.Thedeephorizontalcompressivedisplacementissmall,rangingfrom0.3mmto1.9mm.Thehorizontaltension
displacementatthefootwallofthefaultisbetween1.3and10.9mm.
3.5Verticaldisplacement
Justasintheforegoingdescription,duringmining,verticalstressesloadingontherockfloorwillchange.Atatime,fromthefrontofthecoalwalltothemined-outarea,advancinginthedirectionalongtheworkfacesupportingpressureareas,releasepressureareasandstressresumingareaswillarise.Relatedtothisdevelopment,therockofthecoalfloormaybecomeacompressivearea,anexpandingareaandare-compressivearea.Thedisplacementoftherockonthecoalfloorreduceswithincreasingdepth.InmodelⅠ,thedisplacementofthecompressiveareaatthefaultfootwallreducesfrom21.4mmintheshallowendto8.2mminthedeependandthedisplacementoftheexpandingareainupperpartreducesfrom84mmto4.9mmgoingfromtheshallowtothedeepend.InmodelⅡ,thedisplacementofthecompressiveareaatthefaultfootwallreducesfrom34.17mmattheshallowendto3.88mmatthedeependandthedisplacementoftheexpandingareaintheupperpartreducesfrom14.29mmattheshallowpartto2.17mminthedeeperpart.
4Conclusions
Giventhecalculationsinouranalysis,thefollowinginferencescanbedrawn:
1)Influencedbyminingofthefloorrock,horizontalstressreleasingareasandrisingareasattheupperpartandatthefootwallofthefaultdevelop.Thedistributionsofhorizontalstressesareinfluencedbythefaultasindicatedbythestressisolineswhicharestaggeredatthefaultfaceandthestressisfocusedontherockseamaroundthetwoendsofthefault.
2)Thedistributionofverticalstressesarealsoinfluencedbythefaultthatasshownbythestressisolines,staggeredatthefaultfaceandthestressisconcentratedattherockseamaroundthetwoendsofthefault.
3)Thedistributionofshearstressesattheupperpartandthefootwallofthefaultarealsoobviouslydifferent.Theshearstressesconcentrateatthetwoendsofthefault.
4)Whentheworkfaceisatthefootwallofthefault,thereisahorizontaltensionstressareaontheupperpartofthefault;whentheworkfaceisontheupperpartofthefault,ithasahorizontalcompressivestressareaatthelowerfaultblock.
5)Whentheworkfaceisonthelowerfaultblock,themaximumverticaldisplacementis5timeslargerthanthatattheupperfaultblock,whichverymuchincreasesthechanceofafatalinrushofwaterfromthecoalfloor.
References
[1]GaoYF,ShiLQ,LouHJ
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- 外文 翻译 采矿 煤层 底板 断层 活化 影响 数值 模拟